Graphical summaries
Overview of 2001 population, separated by gender and age bracket.
2001 overview based on religious affiliation and language.
| 14th Census of India | ||
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| General information | ||
| Country | India | |
| Results | ||
| Total population | 1,028,737,436 (21.5%) | |
| Most populous | Uttar Pradesh (166,053,600) | |
| Least populous | Sikkim (541,902) | |
The 2001 Census of India was the 14th in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1871. [1]
The population of India was counted as 1,028,737,436 consisting of 532,223,090 males and 496,514,346 females. [2] Total population increased by 182,310,397, 21.5% more than the 846,427,039 people counted during the 1991 census. [2]
Hindus comprise 82.75 crore (80.45%) and Muslims were 13.8 crore (13.4%) in 2001 census. [3] [4] Census 2001 showed 108 faiths under the head "Other Religions and Persuasion" (ORP) in India. [5] 700,000 people did not state their religion. [6]
| Religious group | Population % 2001 |
|---|---|
| Hindu | 80.45% |
| Muslim | 13.4% |
| Christian | 2.34% |
| Sikh | 1.89% |
| Buddhist | 0.74% |
| Animist, others | 0.43% |
| Jain | 0.46% |
Hindi is the most widely spoken language in northern parts of India. The Indian census takes the widest possible definition of "Hindi" as a broad variety of "Hindi languages". According to 2001 Census, 53.6% of Indian population know Hindi, in which 41% of them have declared Hindi as their native language or mother tongue. [7] [8] [9] English is known to 12.18% Indians in the 2001 census. The number of bilingual speakers in India is 25.50 crore, which is 24.8% of the population in 2001. [10] India (780) has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea (839). [11]
| Language | First language speakers [12] [13] | First language speakers as a percentage of total population [14] | Second language speakers [13] | Third language speakers [13] | Total speakers [15] [13] | Total speakers as a percentage of total population [14] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hindi | 422,048,642 | 41.03 | 98,207,180 | 31,160,696 | 551,416,518 | 53.60 |
| English | 226,449 | 0.02 | 86,125,221 | 38,993,066 | 125,344,736 | 12.18 |
| Bengali | 83,369,769 | 8.10 | 6,637,222 | 1,108,088 | 91,115,079 | 8.86 |
| Telugu | 74,002,856 | 7.19 | 9,723,626 | 1,266,019 | 84,992,501 | 8.26 |
| Marathi | 71,936,894 | 6.99 | 9,546,414 | 2,701,498 | 84,184,806 | 8.18 |
| Tamil | 60,793,814 | 5.91 | 4,992,253 | 956,335 | 66,742,402 | 6.49 |
| Urdu | 51,536,111 | 5.01 | 6,535,489 | 1,007,912 | 59,079,512 | 5.74 |
| Kannada | 37,924,011 | 3.69 | 11,455,287 | 1,396,428 | 50,775,726 | 4.94 |
| Gujarati | 46,091,617 | 4.48 | 3,476,355 | 703,989 | 50,271,961 | 4.89 |
| Odia | 33,017,446 | 3.21 | 3,272,151 | 319,525 | 36,609,122 | 3.56 |
| Malayalam | 33,066,392 | 3.21 | 499,188 | 195,885 | 33,761,465 | 3.28 |
| Sanskrit | 14,135 | <0.01 | 1,234,931 | 3,742,223 | 4,991,289 | 0.49 |
India is the most populated country in the world with one-sixth of the world's population. According to official estimates in 2022, India's population stood at over 1.4 billion.
Indian English (IE) is a group of English dialects spoken in the Republic of India and among the Indian diaspora. English is used by the Indian government for communication, along with Hindi, as enshrined in the Constitution of India. English is also an official language in seven states and seven union territories of India, and the additional official language in seven other states and one union territory. Furthermore, English is the sole official language of the Indian Judiciary, unless the state governor or legislature mandates the use of a regional language, or if the President of India has given approval for the use of regional languages in courts.
Languages spoken in the Republic of India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians, both families together are sometimes known as Indic languages. Languages spoken by the remaining 2.31% of the population belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino–Tibetan, Tai–Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates. As per the People's Linguistic Survey of India, India has the second highest number of languages (780), after Papua New Guinea (840). Ethnologue lists a lower number of 456.
Bihari is a group of the Indo-Aryan languages. The Bihari languages are mainly spoken in the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal, and also in Nepal. The most widely spoken languages of the Bihari group are Bhojpuri, Magahi and Maithili.
The Punjabis, are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group associated with the Punjab region, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. They generally speak Standard Punjabi or various Punjabi dialects on both sides.
The Hindi Belt, also known as the Hindi Heartland, is a linguistic region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern and western India where various Central Indo-Aryan languages subsumed under the term 'Hindi' are spoken. The Hindi belt is sometimes also used to refer to nine Indian states whose official language is Hindi, namely Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and the union territory of Chandigarh and the National Capital Territory of Delhi. It is widely referred to as the Hindi Belt or Hindustani Belt.
Azamgarh district is one of the three districts of Azamgarh division in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
Karnataka, with a total population of 61,100,000, is one of the major states in South India. Kannada is the official language of Karnataka. Other linguistic minorities in the state are Tulu, Kodava, Konkani and Urdu. Karnataka is also in the forefront of population control measures with the world's first two birth control clinics being set up in 1930 in the Mandya district.
At the 2011 Census, Bihar was the third most populous state of India with total population of 104,099,452, nearly 89% of it rural. It was also India's most densely populated state, with 1,106 persons per square kilometre. The sex ratio was 918 females per 1000 males. Almost 58% of Bihar's population was below 25 years age, which is the highest in India. At 11.3%, Bihar has the second-lowest urbanisation rate in India after Himachal Pradesh.
The demographics of Uttar Pradesh is a complex topic, which is undergoing dynamic change. Uttar Pradesh is India's most populous state, and the largest subdivision in the world. It has a population of about 199,812,341 as per the 2011 census. If it were a separate country, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous nation, next only to China, India, the United States of America and Indonesia. Uttar Pradesh has a population more than that of Pakistan. There is an average population density of 828 persons per km² i.e. 2,146 per sq mi. The capital of Uttar Pradesh is Lucknow, and Allahabad serves as the state’s judicial capital. Hindus and Muslims both consider the state as a holy place.
Punjab is home to 2.3% of India's population; with a density of 551 persons per km2. According to the provisional results of the 2011 national census, Punjab has a population of 27,743,338, making it the 16th most populated state in India. Of which male and female are 14,639,465 and 13,103,873 respectively. 32% of Punjab's population consists of Dalits. In the state, the rate of population growth is 13.9% (2011), lower than national average. Out of total population, 37.5% people live in urban regions. The total figure of population living in urban areas is 10,399,146 of which 5,545,989 are males and while remaining 4,853,157 are females. The urban population in the last 10 years has increased by 37.5%. According to the 2011 Census of India, Punjab, India has a population of around 27.7 million.
This is a list of States and Union Territories of India by Bengali speakers at the time of the 2011 Census.
As per Government of India census data of 2011, the total number of Urdu speakers in India were 62,772,631. According to the census guidelines, "Urdu" does not broadly refer to the Hindostani language, but merely the literary-register of the macrolanguage predominantly self-identified as a spoken language by muslims in India, hence accounting Hindi as a separate language.
The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information for National Population Register (NPR) was also collected in the first phase, which will be used to issue a 12-digit unique identification number to all registered Indian residents by Unique Identification Authority of India. The second population enumeration phase was conducted between 9 and 28 February 2011. Census has been conducted in India since 1872 and 2011 marks the first time biometric information was collected. According to the provisional reports released on 31 March 2011, the Indian population increased to 1.21 billion with a decadal growth of 17.70%. Adult literacy rate increased to 74.04% with a decadal growth of 9.21%. The motto of the census was 'Our Census, Our future'.
Chennai, along with Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata, is one of the few Indian cities that are home to a diverse population of ethno-religious communities. According to the 2011 census Chennai then had a total population of 4,681,087 at a density of 26,902 per square kilometre; the sex ratio was 986 and literacy rate was 90.33%. The most widely spoken languages are Tamil and English. Hinduism is followed by a majority of the populace followed by Islam and Christianity. Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism and Zoroastrianism are other religions practiced.
The 1951 Census of India was the ninth in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1872. It was also the first census after independence and Partition of India. 1951 census was also the first census to be conducted under 1948 Census of India Act. The first census of the Indian Republic began on February 10, 1951.
The 1991 Census of India was the 13th in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1871.
The Constitution of India designates the official languages of India as Hindi and English. The number of bilingual speakers in India is 314.9 million, which is 26% of the population in 2011.
The population of Assam consist of tribal ethnic groups, and linguistic groups such as Assamese, Bengali, Hindi speakers and Nepali.
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