Graphical summaries
Overview of 2001 population, separated by gender and age bracket.
2001 overview based on religious affiliation and language.
| 14th census of India | ||
|---|---|---|
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| General information | ||
| Country | India | |
| Results | ||
| Total population | 1,028,737,436 (21.5%) | |
| Most populous | Uttar Pradesh (166,053,600) | |
| Least populous | Sikkim (541,902) | |
The 2001 census of India was the 14th in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1871. [1]
The population of India was counted as 1,028,737,436 consisting of 532,223,090 males and 496,514,346 females. [2] The total population increased by 182,310,397, 21.5% more than the 846,427,039 people counted during the 1991 census. [2]
Hindus comprise 82.75 crore (80.45%) and Muslims were 13.8 crore (13.4%) in the 2001 census. [3] [4] Census 2001 showed 108 faiths under the head "Other Religions and Persuasion" (ORP) in India. [5] 700,000 people did not state their religion. [6]
| Religious group | Population % 2001 |
|---|---|
| Hindu | 80.45% |
| Muslim | 13.4% |
| Christian | 2.34% |
| Sikh | 1.89% |
| Buddhist | 0.74% |
| Animist, others | 0.43% |
| Jain | 0.46% |
Hindi is the most widely spoken language in northern parts of India. The Indian census takes the widest possible definition of "Hindi" as a broad variety of "Hindi languages". According to 2001 census, 53.6% of Indian population know Hindi, in which 41% of them have declared Hindi as their native language or mother tongue. [7] [8] [9] English is known to 12.18% Indians in the 2001 census. The number of bilingual speakers in India is 25.50 crore, which is 24.8% of the population in 2001. [10] India (780) has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea (839). [11]
| Language | First language speakers [12] [13] | First language speakers as a percentage of total population [14] | Second language speakers [13] | Third language speakers [13] | Total speakers [15] [13] | Total speakers as a percentage of total population [14] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hindi | 422,048,642 | 41.03 | 98,207,180 | 31,160,696 | 551,416,518 | 53.60 |
| English | 226,449 | 0.02 | 86,125,221 | 38,993,066 | 125,344,736 | 12.18 |
| Bengali | 83,369,769 | 8.10 | 6,637,222 | 1,108,088 | 91,115,079 | 8.86 |
| Telugu | 74,002,856 | 7.19 | 9,723,626 | 1,266,019 | 84,992,501 | 8.26 |
| Marathi | 71,936,894 | 6.99 | 9,546,414 | 2,701,498 | 84,184,806 | 8.18 |
| Tamil | 60,793,814 | 5.91 | 4,992,253 | 956,335 | 66,742,402 | 6.49 |
| Urdu | 51,536,111 | 5.01 | 6,535,489 | 1,007,912 | 59,079,512 | 5.74 |
| Kannada | 37,924,011 | 3.69 | 11,455,287 | 1,396,428 | 50,775,726 | 4.94 |
| Gujarati | 46,091,617 | 4.48 | 3,476,355 | 703,989 | 50,271,961 | 4.89 |
| Odia | 33,017,446 | 3.21 | 3,272,151 | 319,525 | 36,609,122 | 3.56 |
| Malayalam | 33,066,392 | 3.21 | 499,188 | 195,885 | 33,761,465 | 3.28 |
| Sanskrit | 14,135 | <0.01 | 1,234,931 | 3,742,223 | 4,991,289 | 0.49 |
India is the most populous country in the world with one-sixth of the world's population. According to estimates from the United Nations (UN), India has overtaken China as the country with the largest population in the world, with a population of 1,425,775,850 at the end of April 2023.
Indian English (IE) is a group of English dialects spoken in the Republic of India and among the Indian diaspora. English is used by the Indian government for communication, along with Modern Standard Hindi, as enshrined in the Constitution of India. English is also an official language in seven states and seven union territories of India, and the additional official language in seven other states and one union territory. Furthermore, English is the sole official language of the Indian Judiciary, unless the state governor or legislature mandates the use of a regional language, or if the President of India has given approval for the use of regional languages in courts.
Languages spoken in the Republic of India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians; both families together are sometimes known as Indic languages. Languages spoken by the remaining 2.31% of the population belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino–Tibetan, Tai–Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates. According to the People's Linguistic Survey of India, India has the second highest number of languages (780), after Papua New Guinea (840). Ethnologue lists a lower number of 456.
Bihari languages are a group of the Indo-Aryan languages. The Bihari languages are mainly spoken in the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal, and also in Nepal. The most widely spoken languages of the Bihari group are Bhojpuri, Magahi and Maithili.
The Punjabis are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group associated with the Punjab region, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. They generally speak Standard Punjabi or various Punjabi dialects on both sides.
The Hindi Belt, also known as the Hindi Heartland, is a linguistic region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India where various Northern, Central, Eastern and Western Indo-Aryan languages are spoken, which in a broader sense is termed as Hindi languages, with Standard Hindi serving as the lingua franca of the region.
Prayagraj district, also known as Allahabad district, is the most populous district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Prayagraj city is the district headquarters of this district. The District is divided into blocks within tehsils. As of 2011, there are 20 blocks in eight tehsils. The Prayagraj division includes the districts of Pratapgarh, Fatehpur, Kaushambi and Prayagraj, with some western parts that had previously part of Allahabad District becoming part of the new Kaushambi District. The administrative divisions are Phulpur, Koraon, Meja, Sadar, Soraon, Handia, Bara, Shringverpur and Karchana.
Varanasi district is a district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, with the holy city of Varanasi as the district headquarters. It is also the headquarters of the Varanasi division which contains 4 districts.
Rampur district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Rampur town is the district headquarters. Rampur district is a part of Moradabad division. The district occupies an area of 2,367 km2 (914 sq mi).
Kerala is a state in south-western India. Most of Kerala's 34.8 million people are ethnically Malayalis. Most of the Malayalam and English speaking Keralites derive their ancestry from Dravidian communities that settled in Kerala. Additional ancestries derive from millennia of trade links across the Arabian Sea, whereby people of Arab, Jewish, Syrian, Portuguese, English and other ethnicities settled in Kerala. Many of these immigrants intermarried with native Malayalam speakers resulting in formation of many Muslim and Christian groups in Kerala. Some Muslims and Christians thus take lineage from Middle Eastern and European settlers who mixed with native population.
Karnataka, with a total population of 61,100,000, is one of the major states in South India. Kannada is the official state language, while other linguistic minorities in the state include Kodava, Konkani, Tulu and Urdu. Karnataka is also at the forefront of population control measures, with the first two birth control clinics in history opening in 1930 in the Mandya district.
The demographics of Uttar Pradesh is a complex topic, which is undergoing dynamic change. Uttar Pradesh is India's most populous state, and the largest subdivision in the world. It has a population of about 199,812,341 as per the 2011 census. If it were a separate country, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous nation, next only to China, India, the United States of America and Indonesia. Uttar Pradesh has a population more than that of Pakistan. There is an average population density of 828 persons per km2 i.e. 2,146 per sq mi. The capital of Uttar Pradesh is Lucknow, and Prayagraj serves as the state’s judicial capital. Hindus and Muslims both consider the state as a holy place.
This is a list of States and Union Territories of India by Bengali speakers at the time of the 2011 Census.
As per Government of India census data of 2011, the total number of Urdu speakers in the Republic of India were 62,772,631. According to the census guidelines, "Urdu" does not broadly refer to the Hindostani language, but the literary-register of the macrolanguage, hence accounting Hindi as a separate language.
The 2011 census of India or the 15th Indian census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information for National Population Register (NPR) was also collected in the first phase, which will be used to issue a 12-digit unique identification number to all registered Indian residents by Unique Identification Authority of India. The second population enumeration phase was conducted between 9 and 28 February 2011. Census has been conducted in India since 1872 and 2011 marks the first time biometric information was collected. According to the provisional reports released on 31 March 2011, the Indian population increased to 1.21 billion with a decadal growth of 17.70%. Adult literacy rate increased to 74.04% with a decadal growth of 9.21%. The motto of the census was Our Census, Our Future.
The 1951 census of India was the ninth in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1872. It was also the first census after independence and Partition of India. 1951 census was also the first census to be conducted under 1948 Census of India Act. The first census of the Indian Republic began on February 10, 1951.
The 1991 census of India was the 13th in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1871.
The Constitution of India designates the official languages of India as Hindi and English. The number of bilingual speakers in India is 314.9 million, which is 26% of the population in 2011.
The population of Assam consist of tribal ethnic groups and linguistic groups such as Assamese, Bengali, Hindi speakers, Nepali and Odia speakers.
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