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Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. In India, where Urdu arose, it is an Eighth Schedule language, the status and cultural heritage of which are recognised by the Constitution of India. It also has an official status in several Indian states.
Languages spoken in the Republic of India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians; both families together are sometimes known as Indic languages. Languages spoken by the remaining 2.31% of the population belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino–Tibetan, Tai–Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates. According to the People's Linguistic Survey of India, India has the second highest number of languages (780), after Papua New Guinea (840). Ethnologue lists a lower number of 456.
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Kashmiri Muslims are ethnic Kashmiris who practice Islam and are native to the Kashmir Valley of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The majority of Kashmiri Muslims are Sunni, while Shias form a minority. They refer to themselves as "Koshur" in the Kashmiri language.
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References
- 1 2 Vijayanunni, M. (26–29 August 1998). "Planning for the 2001 Census of India based on the 1991 Census" (PDF). 18th Population Census Conference. Honolulu, Hawaii, US: Association of National Census and Statistics Directors of America, Asia, and the Pacific. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2008. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- ↑ Dev, Amiya (2010). "Literary Multilingualism II : Multilingualism in India". In Lisa Block de Behar; Paola Mildonian; Jean-Michel Djian; Djlel Kadir; Alfons Knauth; Dolores Romero Lopez; Marcio Orlando Seligmann-Silva (eds.). Comparative Literature : Sharing Knowledges for Preserving Cultural Diversity (PDF). Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. Vol. 2. pp. 172–183. Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, EOLSS Publishers, Paris, France, . Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- ↑ "With current trends, it will take 220 years for India's Hindu population to equal Muslims numbers in the world". 16 December 2014.
- ↑ Mallikarjun, B. (7 November 2001). "Languages of India according to 2001 Census". Languages in India. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- ↑ "Where are the Sanskrit speakers?". The Hindu. 9 August 2014.
- ↑ "Census findings point to decade of rural distress". The Hindu. 25 September 2011.
- ↑ Sugden, Joanna; Seervai, Shanoor (9 January 2015). "Where Are India's 2011 Census Figures on Religion?". Wall Street Journal.
- ↑ "Religion Census: A faithful count".
- ↑ "Muslims' growth rate much lower". The Times of India. 7 September 2004.
