Demographics of India | |
---|---|
Population | 1,438,069,597 (2023 est.) [1] |
Density | 483.68 people/km² (2023 est.) [2] |
Growth rate | +0.89% (2023 est.) [3] |
Birth rate | 16.15 births/1,000 population (2023 est.) [4] |
Death rate | 6.61 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.) [5] |
Life expectancy | 72.03 years (2023 est.) [6] |
• male | 70.52 years (2023 est.) [7] |
• female | 73.60 years (2023 est.) [8] |
Fertility rate | 1.98 children born per woman (2023) [9] |
Infant mortality rate | 22.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2023) [10] |
Net migration rate | -0.68 (negative net migration) [11] |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 25.68% (male 183,695,000/female 166,295,000) (2021 est.) |
15–64 years | 67.49% (male 472,653,000/female 447,337,000) (2021 est.) |
65 and over | 6.83% (male 44,275,000/female 48,751,000) (2021 est.) |
Sex ratio | |
Total | 1.06 male(s)/female (2023) [12] |
At birth | 1.1 male(s)/female (2023) [12] |
Under 15 | 1.11 male(s)/female (2023) [12] |
15–64 years | 1.07 male(s)/female (2023 est.) |
65 and over | 0.85 male(s)/female (2023) [12] |
Nationality | |
Nationality | Indian |
Major ethnic |
|
Minor ethnic |
|
Language | |
Official | See Languages of India |
Spoken |
India is the most populous country in the world with one-sixth of the world's population. According to estimates from the United Nations (UN), India has overtaken China as the country with the largest population in the world, with a population of 1,425,775,850 at the end of April 2023. [13] [14] [15] [16]
Between 1975 and 2010, the population doubled to 1.2 billion, reaching the billion mark in 2000. According to the UN's World Population dashboard, India's population now stands at slightly over 1.428 billion, edging past China's population of 1.425 billion people, as reported by the news agency Bloomberg. [16] In 2015, India's population was predicted to reach 1.7 billion by 2050. [17] [18] In 2017 its population growth rate was 0.98%, ranking 112th in the world; in contrast, from 1972 to 1983, India's population grew by an annual rate of 2.3%. [19]
In 2023, the median age of an Indian was 29.5 years, [20] compared to 39.8 for China and 49.5 for Japan; and, by 2030; India's dependency ratio will be just over 0.4. [21] However, the number of children in India peaked more than a decade ago and is now falling. The number of children under the age of five peaked in 2007, and since then the number has been falling. The number of Indians under 15 years old peaked slightly later (in 2011) and is now also declining. [22]
India has many ethnic groups, [23] and every major religion is represented, as are four major families of languages (Indo-European, Dravidian, Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan languages) as well as two language isolates: the Nihali language, [24] spoken in parts of Maharashtra, and the Burushaski language, spoken in parts of Jammu and Kashmir. 1,000,000 people in India are Anglo-Indians and between 25,000 and 70,000 people are Siddhis,who are descendants of Bantu slaves brought by Arabs, Persians and Portuguese to the western coast of India during the Middle Ages and the colonial period. They represent over 0.1% of the total population of India. Overall, only the continent of Africa exceeds the linguistic, genetic and cultural diversity of the nation of India. [25]
The sex ratio was 944 females for 1000 males in 2016, and 940 per 1000 in 2011. [26] This ratio has been showing an upwards trend for the last two decades after a continuous decline in the 20th century. [27]
The following table lists estimates for the population of India (including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh) from prehistory up until 1820. It includes estimates and growth rates according to five economic historians, along with interpolated estimates and overall aggregate averages derived from their estimates. [28] [29]
Year | Maddison (2001) [30] | Clark (1967) [31] [32] [33] | Biraben (1979) [32] [34] [35] | Durand (1974) [36] [32] | McEvedy (1978) [37] [32] | Aggregate average | Period | Average % growth / century | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population | % growth / century | Population | % growth / century | Population | % growth / century | Population | % growth / century | Population | % growth / century | Population | % growth / century | |||
10,000 BC | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 100,000 | — | 100,000 | — | Stone Age | 3.9 |
4000 BC | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,000,000 | 3.9 | 1,000,000 | 3.9 | ||
2000 BC | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6,000,000 | 9.4 | 6,000,000 | 9.4 | Bronze Age | 9.4 |
500 BC | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25,000,000 | 10 | 25,000,000 | 10 | Iron Age | 10.2 |
400 BC | — | — | — | — | 30,000,000 | — | — | — | 26,600,000 | 6.3 | 28,300,000 | 13.2 | ||
200 BC | — | — | — | — | 55,000,000 | 35.4 | — | — | 30,000,000 | 6.3 | 42,500,000 | 22.5 | Maurya era | 22.5 |
1 AD | 75,000,000 | — | 70,000,000 | — | 46,000,000 | –9.3 | 75,000,000 | — | 34,000,000 | 6.5 | 60,000,000 | 18.8 | Classical era | 5.3 |
200 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 72,500,000 | 1.7 | 45,000,000 | –1.1 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 39,000,000 | 7.1 | 61,300,000 | 1.1 | ||
400 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 75,000,000 | 1.7 | 32,000,000 | –18.6 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 45,000,000 | 7.4 | 60,400,000 | –0.7 | ||
500 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 33,000,000 | 3.1 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 48,000,000 | 6.5 | 61,200,000 | 1.3 | ||
600 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 37,000,000 | 12.1 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 51,000,000 | 6.5 | 62,600,000 | 2.3 | Early medieval era | 1.9 |
700 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 50,000,000 | 35.1 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 56,500,000 | 10.3 | 66,300,000 | 5.9 | ||
800 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 43,000,000 | –16.3 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 62,000,000 | 10.3 | 66,000,000 | –0.5 | ||
900 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 72,500,000 | –3.5 | 38,000,000 | –13.2 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 69,500,000 | 11.4 | 66,000,000 | 0 | ||
1000 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 70,000,000 | –3.5 | 40,000,000 | 5.3 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 77,000,000 | 11.4 | 67,400,000 | 2.1 | ||
1100 | 81,000,000 | 8 | 72,500,000 | 3.5 | 51,000,000 | 27.5 | 81,300,000 | 8.4 | 80,000,000 | 3.9 | 73,200,000 | 8.6 | Late medieval era | 8.1 |
1200 | 87,500,000 | 8 | 75,000,000 | 3.5 | 65,100,000 | 27.5 | 88,200,000 | 8.4 | 83,000,000 | 3.8 | 79,800,000 | 9 | ||
1300 | 94,500,000 | 8 | 75,000,000 | 0 | 83,000,000 | 27.5 | 95,700,000 | 8.4 | 88,000,000 | 6 | 87,200,000 | 9.3 | ||
1400 | 102,000,000 | 8 | 77,000,000 | 3.3 | 88,800,000 | 7 | 103,700,000 | 8.4 | 94,000,000 | 6.8 | 92,900,000 | 7 | ||
1500 | 110,000,000 | 8 | 79,000,000 | 3.3 | 95,000,000 | 7 | 112,500,000 | 8.4 | 100,000,000 | 6.4 | 99,300,000 | 7 | ||
1600 | 135,000,000 | 22.8 | 100,000,000 | 26.6 | 145,000,000 | 52.6 | 135,800,000 | 20.7 | 130,000,000 | 30 | 129,200,000 | 30.1 | Mughal era | 31.9 |
1650 | 150,000,000 | 22.2 | 150,000,000 | 125 | 160,000,000 | 20.7 | 149,100,000 | 20.7 | 145,000,000 | 24.4 | 150,800,000 | 36.2 | ||
1700 | 165,000,000 | 22.2 | 200,000,000 | 77.8 | 175,000,000 | 20.7 | 163,900,000 | 20.7 | 160,000,000 | 21.8 | 172,800,000 | 31.3 | ||
1750 | 182,100,000 | 21.8 | 200,000,000 | 0 | 182,700,000 | 9 | 180,000,000 | 20.7 | 170,000,000 | 12.9 | 183,000,000 | 12.1 | Colonial era | 12.2 |
1800 | 200,900,000 | 21.8 | 190,000,000 | –10.8 | 190,700,000 | 9 | — | — | 185,000,000 | 18.4 | 190,400,000 | 8 | ||
1820 | 209,000,000 | 21.8 | 190,000,000 | 0 | 194,000,000 | 9 | — | — | 200,000,000 | 47.7 | 198,300,000 | 22 |
The population grew from the South Asian Stone Age in 10,000 BC to the Maurya Empire in 200 BC at a steadily increasing growth rate, [38] before population growth slowed down in the classical era up to 500 AD, and then became largely stagnant during the early medieval era era up to 1000 AD. [30] [32] The population growth rate then increased in the late medieval era (during the Delhi Sultanate) from 1000 to 1500. [30] [32]
Under the Mughal Empire, India experienced a high economic and demographic upsurge, [38] due to Mughal agrarian reforms that intensified agricultural production. [39] 15% of the population lived in urban centres, higher than the percentage of the population in 19th-century British India [40] and contemporary Europe [40] up until the 19th century. [41] These estimates by Abraham Eraly [40] and Paolo Malanima [41] have been criticised by Tim Dyson, who considers them exaggerations and estimates urbanisation of the Mughal Empire to be less than 9% of the population. [42]
Under the reign of Akbar (reigned 1556–1605) in 1600, the Mughal Empire's urban population was up to 17 million people, larger than the urban population in Europe. [43] By 1700, Mughal India had an urban population of 23 million people, larger than British India's urban population of 22.3 million in 1871. [44] Nizamuddin Ahmad (1551–1621) reported that, under Akbar's reign, Mughal India had 120 large cities and 3,200 townships. [40] A number of cities in India had a population between a quarter-million and half-million people, [40] with larger cities including Agra (in Agra Subah) with up to 800,000 people [45] and Dhaka (in Bengal Subah) with over 1 million people. [46] Mughal India also had a large number of villages, with 455,698 villages by the time of Aurangzeb (reigned 1658–1707). [43]
The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire years. Sources: Our World in Data and Gapminder Foundation. [47]
Years | 1880 | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890 | 1902 [47] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Fertility Rate in India | 5.95 | 5.92 | 5.89 | 5.86 | 5.82 | 5.79 | 4.38 | 5.76 | 5.76 | 5.75 | 5.75 | 5.75 |
Years | 1921 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930 [47] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Fertility Rate in India | 5.761 | 5.77 | 5.78 | 5.79 | 5.8 | 5.81 | 5.82 | 5.83 | 5.85 | 5.86 |
Life expectancy from 1881 to 1950
Years | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1905 | 1911 | 1915 | 1921 | 1925 | 1931 | 1935 | 1941 | 1950 [48] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in India | 25.4 | 24.3 | 23.5 | 24.0 | 23.2 | 24.0 | 24.9 | 27.6 | 29.3 | 31.0 | 32.6 | 35.4 |
The population of India under the British Raj (including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh) according to censuses:
Census year | Population | Growth (%) |
---|---|---|
1871 [49] | 238,830,958 | — |
1881 [50] | 253,896,330 | 6.3 |
1891 [49] | 287,223,431 | 13.1 |
1901 [49] | 293,550,310 | 2.2 |
1911 [51] | 315,156,396 | 7.4 |
1921 [51] | 318,942,480 | 1.2 |
1931 [51] | 352,837,778 | 10.6 |
1941 [51] | 388,997,955 | 10.2 |
Studies of India's population since 1881 have focused on such topics as total population, birth and death rates, geographic distribution, literacy, the rural and urban divide, cities of a million, and the three cities with populations over eight million: Delhi, Greater Mumbai (Bombay), and Kolkata (Calcutta). [52]
Mortality rates fell in the period 1920–45, primarily due to biological immunisation. Suggestions that it was the benefits of colonialism are refuted by academic thinking: "There can be no serious, informed belief... that... late colonial era mortality diminished and population grew rapidly because of improvements in income, living standards, nutrition, environmental standards, sanitation or health policies, nor was there a cultural transformation...". [53]
India occupies 2.41% of the world's land area but supports over 18% of the world's population. At the 2001 census 72.2% of the population [55] lived in about 638,000 villages [56] and the remaining 27.8% [55] lived in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations. [57]
India's population exceeded that of the entire continent of Africa by 200 million people in 2010. [58] However, because Africa's population growth is extremely high compared to the rest of the world, [59] [60] it is expected to surpass both China and India by the early 2030s. [61]
Category | Global ranking | References |
---|---|---|
Area | 7th | [62] |
Population | 1st | [62] |
Population growth rate | 102nd of 212 | in 2010 [63] |
Population density | 24th of 212 | in 2010 [63] |
Male to Female ratio, at birth | 12th of 214 | in 2009 [64] |
Census year | Population | Change (%) |
---|---|---|
1951 | 361,088,003 | – |
1961 | 439,235,000 | 21.6 |
1971 | 548,160,000 | 24.8 |
1981 | 683,329,000 | 24.7 |
1991 | 846,387,888 | 23.9 |
2001 | 1,028,737,436 | 21.5 |
2011 | 1,210,193,422 | 17.7 |
Rank | State/UT | Population [66] | Percent (%) | Male | Female | Difference between male and female | Sex ratio | Rural [67] | Urban [67] | Area [68] (km2) | Density (per km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Uttar Pradesh | 199,812,341 | 16.50 | 104,480,510 | 95,331,831 | 9,148,679 | 930 | 155,111,022 | 44,470,455 | 240,928 | 828 |
2 | Maharashtra | 112,374,333 | 9.28 | 58,243,056 | 54,131,277 | 4,111,779 | 929 | 61,545,441 | 50,827,531 | 307,713 | 365 |
3 | Bihar | 104,099,452 | 8.60 | 54,278,157 | 49,821,295 | 4,456,862 | 918 | 92,075,028 | 11,729,609 | 94,163 | 1,102 |
4 | West Bengal | 91,276,115 | 7.54 | 46,809,027 | 44,467,088 | 2,341,939 | 950 | 62,213,676 | 29,134,060 | 88,752 | 1,030 |
5 | Madhya Pradesh | 72,626,809 | 6.00 | 37,612,306 | 35,014,503 | 2,597,803 | 931 | 52,537,899 | 20,059,666 | 308,245 | 236 |
6 | Tamil Nadu | 72,147,030 | 5.96 | 36,137,975 | 36,009,055 | 128,920 | 996 | 37,189,229 | 34,949,729 | 130,058 | 555 |
7 | Rajasthan | 68,548,437 | 5.66 | 35,550,997 | 32,997,440 | 2,553,557 | 928 | 51,540,236 | 17,080,776 | 342,239 | 201 |
8 | Karnataka | 61,095,297 | 5.05 | 30,966,657 | 30,128,640 | 838,017 | 973 | 37,552,529 | 23,578,175 | 191,791 | 319 |
9 | Gujarat | 60,439,692 | 4.99 | 31,491,260 | 28,948,432 | 2,542,828 | 919 | 34,670,817 | 25,712,811 | 196,024 | 308 |
10 | Andhra Pradesh | 49,386,799 | 4.08 | 24,738,068 | 24,648,731 | 89,337 | 996 | 34,776,389 | 14,610,410 | 160,205 | 308 |
11 | Odisha | 41,974,218 | 3.47 | 21,212,136 | 20,762,082 | 450,054 | 979 | 34,951,234 | 6,996,124 | 155,707 | 269 |
12 | Telangana | 35,193,978 | 2.91 | 17,704,078 | 17,489,900 | 214,178 | 988 | 21,585,313 | 13,608,665 | 114,840 | 307 |
13 | Kerala | 33,406,061 | 2.76 | 16,027,412 | 17,378,649 | −1,351,237 | 1084 | 17,445,506 | 15,932,171 | 38,863 | 859 |
14 | Jharkhand | 32,988,134 | 2.72 | 16,930,315 | 16,057,819 | 872,496 | 948 | 25,036,946 | 7,929,292 | 79,714 | 414 |
15 | Assam | 31,205,576 | 2.58 | 15,939,443 | 15,266,133 | 673,310 | 958 | 26,780,526 | 4,388,756 | 78,438 | 397 |
16 | Punjab | 27,743,338 | 2.29 | 14,639,465 | 13,103,873 | 1,535,592 | 895 | 17,316,800 | 10,387,436 | 50,362 | 550 |
17 | Chhattisgarh | 25,545,198 | 2.11 | 12,832,895 | 12,712,303 | 120,592 | 991 | 19,603,658 | 5,936,538 | 135,191 | 189 |
18 | Haryana | 25,351,462 | 2.09 | 13,494,734 | 11,856,728 | 1,638,006 | 879 | 16,531,493 | 8,821,588 | 44,212 | 573 |
19 | Delhi (UT) | 16,787,941 | 1.39 | 8,887,326 | 7,800,615 | 1,086,711 | 868 | 944,727 | 12,905,780 | 1,484 | 11,297 |
20 | Jammu and Kashmir | 12,541,302 | 1.04 | 6,640,662 | 5,900,640 | 740,022 | 889 | 9,134,820 | 3,414,106 | 222,236 | 56 |
21 | Uttarakhand | 10,086,292 | 0.83 | 5,137,773 | 4,948,519 | 189,254 | 963 | 7,025,583 | 3,091,169 | 53,483 | 189 |
22 | Himachal Pradesh | 6,864,602 | 0.57 | 3,481,873 | 3,382,729 | 99,144 | 972 | 6,167,805 | 688,704 | 55,673 | 123 |
23 | Tripura | 3,673,917 | 0.30 | 1,874,376 | 1,799,541 | 74,835 | 960 | 2,710,051 | 960,981 | 10,486 | 350 |
24 | Meghalaya | 2,966,889 | 0.25 | 1,491,832 | 1,475,057 | 16,775 | 989 | 2,368,971 | 595,036 | 22,429 | 132 |
25 | Manipur | 2,855,794 | 0.24 | 1,438,687 | 1,417,107 | 21,580 | 985 | 1,899,624 | 822,132 | 22,327 | 128 |
26 | Nagaland | 1,978,502 | 0.16 | 1,024,649 | 953,853 | 70,796 | 931 | 1,406,861 | 573,741 | 16,579 | 119 |
27 | Goa | 1,458,545 | 0.12 | 739,140 | 719,405 | 19,735 | 973 | 551,414 | 906,309 | 3,702 | 394 |
28 | Arunachal Pradesh | 1,383,727 | 0.11 | 713,912 | 669,815 | 44,097 | 938 | 1,069,165 | 313,446 | 83,743 | 17 |
29 | Puducherry (UT) | 1,247,953 | 0.10 | 612,511 | 635,442 | −22,931 | 1037 | 394,341 | 850,123 | 479 | 2,598 |
30 | Mizoram | 1,097,206 | 0.09 | 555,339 | 541,867 | 13,472 | 976 | 529,037 | 561,997 | 21,081 | 52 |
31 | Chandigarh (UT) | 1,055,450 | 0.09 | 580,663 | 474,787 | 105,876 | 818 | 29,004 | 1,025,682 | 114 | 9,252 |
32 | Sikkim | 610,577 | 0.05 | 323,070 | 287,507 | 35,563 | 890 | 455,962 | 151,726 | 7,096 | 86 |
33 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands (UT) | 380,581 | 0.03 | 202,871 | 177,710 | 25,161 | 876 | 244,411 | 135,533 | 8,249 | 46 |
34 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT) | 343,709 | 0.03 | 193,760 | 149,949 | 43,811 | 774 | 183,024 | 159,829 | 491 | 698 |
35 | Daman and Diu (UT) | 243,247 | 0.02 | 150,301 | 92,946 | 57,355 | 618 | 60,331 | 182,580 | 112 | 2,169 |
36 | Lakshadweep (UT) | 64,473 | 0.01 | 33,123 | 31,350 | 1,773 | 946 | 14,121 | 50,308 | 32 | 2,013 |
– | Total (India) | 1,210,854,977 | 100 | 623,724,248 | 586,469,174 | 35,585,741 | 943 | 833,087,662 | 377,105,760 | 3,287,240 | 382 |
State or UT code | State or UT | Overall (%) | Male (%) | Female (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Jammu and Kashmir | |||
2 | Himachal Pradesh | |||
3 | Punjab | |||
4 | Chandigarh | |||
5 | Uttarakhand | |||
6 | Haryana | |||
7 | Delhi | |||
8 | Rajasthan | |||
9 | Uttar Pradesh | |||
10 | Bihar | |||
11 | Sikkim | |||
12 | Arunachal Pradesh | |||
13 | Nagaland | |||
14 | Manipur | |||
15 | Mizoram | |||
16 | Tripura | |||
17 | Meghalaya | |||
18 | Assam | |||
19 | West Bengal | |||
20 | Jharkhand | |||
21 | Odisha | |||
22 | Chhattisgarh | |||
23 | Madhya Pradesh | |||
24 | Gujarat | |||
25 | Daman and Diu | |||
26 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | |||
27 | Maharashtra | |||
28 | Andhra Pradesh [71] | |||
29 | Karnataka | |||
30 | Goa | |||
31 | Lakshadweep | |||
32 | Kerala | |||
33 | Tamil Nadu | |||
34 | Puducherry | |||
35 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | |||
– | Overall (India) |
Structure of the population (Census 9.II.2011)
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percentage (%) | Cumulative Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–4 | 58,632,074 | 54,174,704 | 112,806,778 | 9.32 | 9.32 |
5–9 | 66,300,466 | 60,627,660 | 126,928,126 | 10.48 | 19.8 |
10–14 | 69,418,835 | 63,290,377 | 132,709,212 | 10.96 | 30.76 |
15–19 | 63,982,396 | 56,544,053 | 120,526,449 | 9.95 | 40.71 |
20–24 | 57,584,693 | 53,839,529 | 111,424,222 | 9.20 | 49.91 |
25–29 | 51,344,208 | 50,069,757 | 101,413,965 | 8.38 | 58.29 |
30–34 | 44,660,674 | 43,934,277 | 88,594,951 | 7.32 | 65.61 |
35–39 | 42,919,381 | 42,221,303 | 85,140,684 | 7.03 | 72.64 |
40–44 | 37,545,386 | 34,892,726 | 72,438,112 | 5.98 | 78.62 |
45–49 | 32,138,114 | 30,180,213 | 62,318,327 | 5.15 | 83.77 |
50–54 | 25,843,266 | 23,225,988 | 49,069,254 | 4.05 | 87.82 |
55–59 | 19,456,012 | 19,690,043 | 39,146,055 | 3.23 | 91.05 |
60–64 | 18,701,749 | 18,961,958 | 37,663,707 | 3.11 | 94.16 |
65–69 | 12,944,326 | 13,510,657 | 26,454,983 | 2.18 | 96.34 |
70–74 | 9,651,499 | 9,557,343 | 19,208,842 | 1.59 | 97.93 |
75–79 | 4,490,603 | 4,741,900 | 9,232,503 | 0.76 | 98.69 |
80–84 | 2,927,040 | 3,293,189 | 6,220,229 | 0.51 | 99.2 |
85–89 | 1,120,106 | 1,263,061 | 2,383,167 | 0.20 | 99.4 |
90–94 | 652,465 | 794,069 | 1,446,534 | 0.12 | 99.52 |
95–99 | 294,759 | 338,538 | 633,297 | 0.05 | 99.57 |
100+ | 289,325 | 316,453 | 605,778 | 0.05 | 99.62 |
Unknown | 2,372,881 | 2,116,921 | 4,489,802 | 0.37 | 99.99 |
Total | 623,270,258 | 587,584,719 | 1,210,854,977 | 100.00 | |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent | |
0–14 | 194,351,375 | 178,092,741 | 372,444,116 | 30.76 | |
15–64 | 394,175,879 | 373,559,847 | 767,735,726 | 63.40 | |
65+ | 32,370,123 | 33,815,210 | 66,185,333 | 5.47 | |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (03.III.2016) (Data are projections based on the 2011 Population Census.): [72]
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 664,184,000 | 626,890,000 | 1,291,074,000 | 100 |
0–4 | 62,872,000 | 56,038,000 | 118,910,000 | 9.21 |
5–9 | 61,499,000 | 56,969,000 | 118,468,000 | 9.18 |
10–14 | 65,142,000 | 59,682,000 | 124,824,000 | 9.67 |
15–19 | 67,223,000 | 60,871,000 | 128,094,000 | 9.92 |
20–24 | 63,521,000 | 57,356,000 | 120,877,000 | 9.36 |
25–29 | 57,272,000 | 53,357,000 | 110,629,000 | 8.57 |
30–34 | 50,782,000 | 49,250,000 | 100,032,000 | 7.75 |
35–39 | 45,318,000 | 44,787,000 | 90,105,000 | 6.98 |
40–44 | 41,280,000 | 40,497,000 | 81,777,000 | 6.33 |
45–49 | 36,602,000 | 35,107,000 | 71,709,000 | 5.55 |
50–54 | 30,738,000 | 29,016,000 | 59,754,000 | 4.63 |
55–59 | 24,403,000 | 23,307,000 | 47,710,000 | 3.70 |
60–64 | 19,133,000 | 19,288,000 | 38,421,000 | 2.98 |
65–69 | 15,198,000 | 16,114,000 | 31,312,000 | 2.43 |
70–74 | 11,002,000 | 11,723,000 | 22,725,000 | 1.76 |
75–79 | 7,703,000 | 8,367,000 | 16,070,000 | 1.24 |
80+ | 4,496,000 | 5,161,000 | 9,657,000 | 0.75 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 189,513,000 | 172,689,000 | 362,202,000 | 28.05 |
15–64 | 436,272,000 | 412,836,000 | 849,108,000 | 65.77 |
65+ | 38,399,000 | 41,365,000 | 79,764,000 | 6.18 |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.III.2021) (Includes data for the Indian-held part of Jammu and Kashmir, the final status of which has not yet been determined. Data are projections based on the 2011 Population Census.): [73]
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 700 623 000 | 662 383 000 | 1 363 006 000 | 100 |
0–4 | 60 153 000 | 54 120 000 | 114 273 000 | 8.38 |
5–9 | 62 276 000 | 55 390 000 | 117 666 000 | 8.63 |
10–14 | 61 266 000 | 56 785 000 | 118 051 000 | 8.66 |
15–19 | 64 862 000 | 59 420 000 | 124 282 000 | 9.12 |
20–24 | 66 770 000 | 60 474 000 | 127 244 000 | 9.34 |
25–29 | 62 944 000 | 56 956 000 | 119 900 000 | 8.80 |
30–34 | 56 614 000 | 52 961 000 | 109 575 000 | 8.04 |
35–39 | 50 027 000 | 48 836 000 | 98 863 000 | 7.25 |
40–44 | 44 450 000 | 44 315 000 | 88 765 000 | 6.51 |
45–49 | 40 204 000 | 39 903 000 | 80 107 000 | 5.88 |
50–54 | 35 235 000 | 34 331 000 | 69 566 000 | 5.10 |
55–59 | 29 082 000 | 28 062 000 | 57 144 000 | 4.19 |
60–64 | 22 465 000 | 22 079 000 | 44 544 000 | 3.27 |
65–69 | 16 823 000 | 17 583 000 | 34 406 000 | 2.52 |
70–74 | 12 546 000 | 13 904 000 | 26 450 000 | 1.94 |
75–79 | 8 269 000 | 9 294 000 | 17 563 000 | 1.29 |
80+ | 6 637 000 | 7 970 000 | 14 607 000 | 1.07 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 183 695 000 | 166 295 000 | 349 990 000 | 25.68 |
15–64 | 472 653 000 | 447 337 000 | 919 990 000 | 67.50 |
65+ | 44 275 000 | 48 751 000 | 93 026 000 | 6.83 |
State or UT code | State or UT | Total | Male | Female | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Jammu and Kashmir | 2,008,670 | 1,080,662 | 927,982 | 152,680 |
2 | Himachal Pradesh | 763,864 | 400,681 | 363,183 | 37,498 |
3 | Punjab | 2,941,570 | 1,593,262 | 1,348,308 | 244,954 |
4 | Chandigarh | 117,953 | 63,187 | 54,766 | 8,421 |
5 | Uttarakhand | 1,328,844 | 704,769 | 624,075 | 80,694 |
6 | Haryana | 3,297,724 | 1,802,047 | 1,495,677 | 306,370 |
7 | Delhi | 1,970,510 | 1,055,735 | 914,775 | 140,960 |
8 | Rajasthan | 10,504,916 | 5,580,212 | 4,924,004 | 656,208 |
9 | Uttar Pradesh | 29,728,235 | 15,653,175 | 14,075,060 | 1,578,115 |
10 | Bihar | 18,582,229 | 9,615,280 | 8,966,949 | 648,331 |
11 | Sikkim | 61,077 | 31,418 | 29,659 | 1,759 |
12 | Arunachal Pradesh | 202,759 | 103,430 | 99,330 | 4,100 |
13 | Nagaland | 285,981 | 147,111 | 138,870 | 8,241 |
14 | Manipur | 353,237 | 182,684 | 170,553 | 12,131 |
15 | Mizoram | 165,536 | 83,965 | 81,571 | 2,394 |
16 | Tripura | 444,055 | 227,354 | 216,701 | 10,653 |
17 | Meghalaya | 555,822 | 282,189 | 273,633 | 8,556 |
18 | Assam | 4,511,307 | 2,305,088 | 2,206,219 | 98,869 |
19 | West Bengal | 10,112,599 | 5,187,264 | 4,925,335 | 261,929 |
20 | Jharkhand | 5,237,582 | 2,695,921 | 2,541,661 | 154,260 |
21 | Odisha | 5,035,650 | 2,603,208 | 2,432,442 | 170,766 |
22 | Chhattisgarh | 3,584,028 | 1,824,987 | 1,759,041 | 65,946 |
23 | Madhya Pradesh | 10,548,295 | 5,516,957 | 5,031,338 | 485,619 |
24 | Gujarat | 7,564,464 | 3,974,286 | 3,519,890 | 454,396 |
25 | Daman and Diu | 25,880 | 13,556 | 12,314 | 1,242 |
26 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 49,196 | 25,575 | 23,621 | 1,954 |
27 | Maharashtra | 12,848,375 | 6,822,262 | 6,026,113 | 796,149 |
28 | Andhra Pradesh | 8,642,686 | 4,448,330 | 4,194,356 | 253,974 |
29 | Karnataka | 6,855,801 | 3,527,844 | 3,327,957 | 199,887 |
30 | Goa | 139,495 | 72,669 | 66,826 | 5,843 |
31 | Lakshadweep | 7,088 | 3,715 | 3,373 | 342 |
32 | Kerala | 3,322,247 | 1,695,889 | 1,626,358 | 69,531 |
33 | Tamil Nadu | 6,894,821 | 3,542,351 | 3,352,470 | 189,881 |
34 | Puducherry | 127,610 | 64,932 | 62,678 | 2,254 |
35 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 39,497 | 20,094 | 19,403 | 691 |
– | Total (India) | 158,789,287 | 82,952,135 | 75,837,152 | 7,114,983 |
State or UT code | State or UT | Total | Male | Female |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Jammu and Kashmir | – | – | – |
2 | Himachal Pradesh | – | – | – |
3 | Punjab | – | – | – |
4 | Chandigarh | – | – | – |
5 | Uttarakhand | – | – | – |
6 | Haryana | 22,055,357 | 11,703,083 | 10,352,274 |
7 | Delhi | 14,782,725 | 7,920,675 | 6,862,050 |
8 | Rajasthan | 58,116,096 | 30,039,874 | 28,076,222 |
9 | Uttar Pradesh | 169,853,242 | 88,943,240 | 80,910,002 |
10 | Bihar | 85,222,408 | 44,570,067 | 40,652,341 |
11 | Sikkim | 546,611 | 290,243 | 256,368 |
12 | Arunachal Pradesh | 1,179,852 | 616,802 | 563,050 |
13 | Nagaland | 1,694,621 | 878,596 | 816,025 |
14 | Manipur | 2,368,519 | 1,187,080 | 1,181,439 |
15 | Mizoram | 925,478 | 468,374 | 457,104 |
16 | Tripura | 3,226,977 | 1,644,513 | 1,582,464 |
17 | Meghalaya | 2,408,185 | 1,210,479 | 1,197,706 |
18 | Assam | 26,657,965 | 13,649,839 | 13,008,126 |
19 | West Bengal | 81,235,137 | 41,740,125 | 39,495,012 |
20 | Jharkhand | 27,728,656 | 14,235,767 | 13,492,889 |
21 | Odisha | 36,911,708 | 18,598,470 | 18,313,238 |
22 | Chhattisgarh | 21,956,168 | 11,002,928 | 10,953,240 |
23 | Madhya Pradesh | 62,049,270 | 32,095,963 | 29,953,307 |
24 | Gujarat | 52,889,452 | 27,507,996 | 25,381,456 |
25 | Daman and Diu | 217,031 | 136,544 | 80,487 |
26 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 293,657 | 167,603 | 126,054 |
27 | Maharashtra | 99,524,597 | 51,539,135 | 47,985,462 |
28 | Andhra Pradesh | 76,022,847 | 38,061,551 | 37,961,296 |
29 | Karnataka | 54,274,903 | 27,529,898 | 26,745,005 |
30 | Goa | 1,318,228 | 668,042 | 650,186 |
31 | Lakshadweep | 57,341 | 29,391 | 27,950 |
32 | Kerala | – | – | – |
33 | Tamil Nadu | 65,244,137 | 32,616,520 | 32,627,617 |
34 | Puducherry | 1,116,854 | 545,553 | 571,301 |
35 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 340,447 | 182,236 | 158,211 |
– | Total (India) | 1,051,404,135 | 540,772,113 | 510,632,022 |
Rank | Name | State/UT | Pop. | Rank | Name | State/UT | Pop. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mumbai Delhi | 1 | Mumbai | Maharashtra | 12,478,447 | 11 | Kanpur | Uttar Pradesh | 2,920,067 | Chennai Bangalore |
2 | Delhi | Delhi | 11,007,835 | 12 | Lucknow | Uttar Pradesh | 2,901,474 | ||
3 | Chennai | Tamil Nadu | 8,696,010 | 13 | Nagpur | Maharashtra | 2,405,421 | ||
4 | Bangalore | Karnataka | 8,425,970 | 14 | Indore | Madhya Pradesh | 1,960,521 | ||
5 | Hyderabad | Telangana | 6,809,970 | 15 | Thane | Maharashtra | 1,818,872 | ||
6 | Ahmedabad | Gujarat | 5,570,585 | 16 | Bhopal | Madhya Pradesh | 1,795,648 | ||
7 | Kolkata | West Bengal | 4,486,679 | 17 | Visakhapatnam | Andhra Pradesh | 1,730,320 | ||
8 | Surat | Gujarat | 4,462,002 | 18 | Pimpri-Chinchwad | Maharashtra | 1,729,359 | ||
9 | Pune | Maharashtra | 3,115,431 | 19 | Patna | Bihar | 1,683,200 | ||
10 | Jaipur | Rajasthan | 3,073,350 | 20 | Vadodara | Gujarat | 1,670,806 |
Year | Mid-year population | Births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Crude migration rate (per 1000) | Total Fertility rate | Infant mortality (per 1000) | Life expectancy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 357,021,000 | 15,651,000 | 7,942,000 | 7,709,000 | 43.8 | 22.68 | 21.6 | 5.73 | 181.2 | 41.7 | |
1951 | 364,922,000 | 16,042,000 | 8,171,000 | 7,871,000 | 44.0 | 22.53 | 21.6 | 0.5 | 5.77 | 180.1 | 41.7 |
1952 | 372,997,000 | 16,458,000 | 8,293,000 | 8,165,000 | 44.1 | 22.24 | 21.9 | 0.2 | 5.82 | 177.5 | 42.0 |
1953 | 381,228,000 | 16,857,000 | 8,442,000 | 8,415,000 | 44.2 | 22.07 | 22.1 | 0 | 5.87 | 175.3 | 42.2 |
1954 | 389,731,000 | 17,247,000 | 8,414,000 | 8,833,000 | 44.2 | 21.45 | 22.7 | -0.4 | 5.91 | 172.2 | 43.0 |
1955 | 398,578,000 | 17,549,000 | 8,468,000 | 9,081,000 | 44.0 | 21.07 | 22.8 | -0.1 | 5.91 | 169.7 | 43.4 |
1956 | 407,657,000 | 17,844,000 | 8,533,000 | 9,310,000 | 43.8 | 20.74 | 22.8 | 0 | 5.91 | 167.3 | 43.8 |
1957 | 416,935,000 | 18,128,000 | 8,618,000 | 9,510,000 | 43.5 | 20.49 | 22.8 | 0 | 5.91 | 165.0 | 44.1 |
1958 | 426,296,000 | 18,370,000 | 8,673,000 | 9,696,000 | 43.1 | 20.14 | 22.7 | -0.2 | 5.90 | 162.7 | 44.4 |
1959 | 435,900,000 | 18,593,000 | 8,688,000 | 9,905,000 | 42.6 | 19.72 | 22.7 | -0.2 | 5.89 | 160.3 | 44.9 |
1960 | 445,955,000 | 18,958,000 | 8,756,000 | 10,201,000 | 42.5 | 19.42 | 22.9 | 0.2 | 5.92 | 158.2 | 45.2 |
1961 | 456,352,000 | 19,301,000 | 8,874,000 | 10,427,000 | 42.3 | 19.23 | 22.8 | 0.5 | 5.94 | 156.4 | 45.4 |
1962 | 467,024,000 | 19,663,000 | 8,969,000 | 10,693,000 | 42.1 | 18.98 | 22.9 | 0.5 | 5.95 | 154.5 | 45.7 |
1963 | 477,934,000 | 20,031,000 | 9,064,000 | 10,966,000 | 41.9 | 18.73 | 22.9 | 0.5 | 5.97 | 152.7 | 45.9 |
1964 | 489,059,000 | 20,407,000 | 9,177,000 | 11,230,000 | 41.7 | 18.51 | 23.0 | 0.3 | 5.98 | 151.1 | 46.2 |
1965 | 500,114,000 | 20,679,000 | 9,824,000 | 10,855,000 | 41.3 | 19.36 | 21.7 | 0.9 | 5.94 | 156.4 | 45.0 |
1966 | 510,993,000 | 20,913,000 | 9,886,000 | 11,027,000 | 40.9 | 19.06 | 21.6 | 0.2 | 5.88 | 154.7 | 45.3 |
1967 | 521,987,000 | 21,193,000 | 9,963,000 | 11,231,000 | 40.6 | 18.78 | 21.5 | 0 | 5.83 | 153.1 | 45.7 |
1968 | 533,432,000 | 21,454,000 | 9,486,000 | 11,968,000 | 40.2 | 17.52 | 22.4 | -0.5 | 5.76 | 145.0 | 47.5 |
1969 | 545,315,000 | 21,704,000 | 9,551,000 | 12,154,000 | 39.8 | 17.27 | 22.3 | 0 | 5.68 | 143.3 | 47.9 |
1970 | 557,501,000 | 22,043,000 | 9,606,000 | 12,437,000 | 39.5 | 17.01 | 22.3 | -0.1 | 5.62 | 141.7 | 48.2 |
1971 | 569,999,000 | 22,483,000 | 9,658,000 | 12,825,000 | 39.4 | 16.81 | 22.5 | -0.1 | 5.57 | 139.9 | 48.6 |
1972 | 582,838,000 | 22,835,000 | 9,702,000 | 13,133,000 | 39.2 | 16.60 | 22.5 | 0 | 5.48 | 138.5 | 49.0 |
1973 | 596,107,000 | 23,230,000 | 9,701,000 | 13,529,000 | 39.0 | 16.31 | 22.7 | 0.1 | 5.40 | 136.3 | 49.5 |
1974 | 609,722,000 | 23,559,000 | 9,628,000 | 13,931,000 | 38.6 | 15.89 | 22.8 | 0 | 5.33 | 133.3 | 50.2 |
1975 | 623,524,000 | 23,660,000 | 9,592,000 | 14,068,000 | 37.9 | 15.53 | 22.6 | 0 | 5.20 | 130.7 | 50.8 |
1976 | 637,451,000 | 24,021,000 | 9,572,000 | 14,449,000 | 37.7 | 15.18 | 22.7 | -0.4 | 5.13 | 127.9 | 51.4 |
1977 | 651,686,000 | 24,042,000 | 9,555,000 | 14,487,000 | 36.9 | 14.82 | 22.2 | 0.1 | 5.01 | 124.9 | 51.9 |
1978 | 666,268,000 | 24,243,000 | 9,520,000 | 14,723,000 | 36.4 | 14.43 | 22.1 | 0.3 | 4.89 | 121.7 | 52.5 |
1979 | 681,248,000 | 24,699,000 | 9,515,000 | 15,184,000 | 36.3 | 14.07 | 22.3 | 0.2 | 4.81 | 118.4 | 53.1 |
1980 | 696,828,000 | 25,235,000 | 9,530,000 | 15,705,000 | 36.2 | 13.75 | 22.5 | 0.4 | 4.78 | 115.2 | 53.6 |
1981 | 712,869,000 | 25,683,000 | 9,532,000 | 16,151,000 | 36.0 | 13.42 | 22.7 | 0.3 | 4.70 | 112.1 | 54.2 |
1982 | 729,169,000 | 25,964,000 | 9,512,000 | 16,452,000 | 35.6 | 13.09 | 22.6 | 0.3 | 4.62 | 109.3 | 54.7 |
1983 | 745,827,000 | 26,329,000 | 9,487,000 | 16,842,000 | 35.3 | 12.77 | 22.6 | 0.2 | 4.57 | 106.7 | 55.3 |
1984 | 762,890,005 | 26,777,000 | 9,471,000 | 17,307,000 | 35.1 | 12.47 | 22.7 | 0.2 | 4.52 | 104.2 | 55.8 |
1985 | 780,242,000 | 27,001,000 | 9,444,000 | 17,558,000 | 34.6 | 12.16 | 22.5 | 0.2 | 4.43 | 101.8 | 56.3 |
1986 | 797,879,000 | 27,522,000 | 9,434,000 | 18,088,000 | 34.5 | 11.88 | 22.7 | -0.1 | 4.40 | 99.4 | 56.8 |
1987 | 815,716,000 | 27,478,000 | 9,400,000 | 18,077,000 | 33.7 | 11.58 | 22.2 | 0.2 | 4.31 | 97.0 | 57.3 |
1988 | 833,730,000 | 27,654,000 | 9,369,000 | 18,286,000 | 33.2 | 11.29 | 21.9 | 0.2 | 4.22 | 94.6 | 57.8 |
1989 | 852,013,000 | 27,733,000 | 9,335,000 | 18,398,000 | 32.5 | 11.00 | 21.6 | 0.3 | 4.13 | 92.2 | 58.2 |
1990 | 870,452,000 | 27,692,000 | 9,306,000 | 18,386,000 | 31.8 | 10.73 | 21.1 | 0.5 | 4.05 | 89.8 | 58.7 |
1991 | 888,942,000 | 27,937,000 | 9,295,000 | 18,642,000 | 31.4 | 10.47 | 21.0 | 0.2 | 3.96 | 87.6 | 59.1 |
1992 | 907,574,000 | 28,057,000 | 9,285,000 | 18,772,000 | 30.9 | 10.22 | 20.7 | 0.3 | 3.88 | 85.5 | 59.5 |
1993 | 926,351,000 | 28,055,000 | 9,283,000 | 18,772,000 | 30.3 | 10.00 | 20.3 | 0.4 | 3.80 | 83.5 | 59.8 |
1994 | 945,262,000 | 28,207,000 | 9,270,000 | 18,937,000 | 29.8 | 9.78 | 20.0 | 0.4 | 3.72 | 81.4 | 60.2 |
1995 | 964,279,000 | 28,314,000 | 9,269,000 | 19,044,000 | 29.4 | 9.57 | 19.7 | 0.4 | 3.65 | 79.3 | 60.6 |
1996 | 983,281,000 | 28,305,000 | 9,262,000 | 19,043,000 | 28.8 | 9.37 | 19.4 | 0.3 | 3.58 | 77.1 | 61.0 |
1997 | 1,002,335,000 | 28,341,000 | 9,251,000 | 19,090,000 | 28.3 | 9.17 | 19.0 | 0.4 | 3.51 | 74.8 | 61.4 |
1998 | 1,021,435,000 | 28,381,000 | 9,245,000 | 19,136,000 | 27.8 | 8.99 | 18.7 | 0.4 | 3.45 | 72.5 | 61.8 |
1999 | 1,040,500,000 | 28,365,000 | 9,235,000 | 19,130,000 | 27.3 | 8.80 | 18.4 | 0.3 | 3.38 | 70.2 | 62.2 |
2000 | 1,059,634,000 | 28,615,000 | 9,221,000 | 19,394,000 | 27.0 | 8.63 | 18.3 | 0.1 | 3.35 | 67.8 | 62.7 |
2001 | 1,078,971,000 | 28,843,000 | 9,235,000 | 19,608,000 | 26.7 | 8.48 | 18.2 | 0 | 3.30 | 65.4 | 63.1 |
2002 | 1,098,313,000 | 28,648,000 | 9,186,000 | 19,462,000 | 26.1 | 8.29 | 17.7 | 0.2 | 3.22 | 63.1 | 63.6 |
2003 | 1,117,415,000 | 28,356,000 | 9,150,000 | 19,206,000 | 25.4 | 8.13 | 17.2 | 0.2 | 3.12 | 60.8 | 64.1 |
2004 | 1,136,265,000 | 28,099,000 | 9,136,000 | 18,963,000 | 24.7 | 7.98 | 16.7 | 0.2 | 3.05 | 58.6 | 64.5 |
2005 | 1,154,639,000 | 27,646,000 | 9,096,000 | 18,550,000 | 23.9 | 7.82 | 16.1 | 0.1 | 2.96 | 56.3 | 65.0 |
2006 | 1,172,374,000 | 27,229,000 | 9,080,000 | 18,149,000 | 23.2 | 7.67 | 15.5 | -0.1 | 2.86 | 54.1 | 65.4 |
2007 | 1,189,692,000 | 27,030,000 | 9,095,000 | 17,935,000 | 22.7 | 7.54 | 15.1 | -0.3 | 2.78 | 51.9 | 65.8 |
2008 | 1,206,735,000 | 26,890,000 | 9,123,000 | 17,767,000 | 22.3 | 7.41 | 14.7 | -0.4 | 2.72 | 49.6 | 66.1 |
2009 | 1,223,640,000 | 26,848,000 | 9,154,000 | 17,694,000 | 21.9 | 7.29 | 14.5 | -0.5 | 2.67 | 47.4 | 66.5 |
2010 | 1,240,614,000 | 26,599,000 | 9,162,000 | 17,437,000 | 21.4 | 7.16 | 14.1 | -0.2 | 2.60 | 45.2 | 66.9 |
2011 | 1,257,621,191 | 26,342,000 | 9,139,000 | 17,203,000 | 20.9 | 7.05 | 13.7 | 0 | 2.54 | 43.0 | 67.4 |
2012 | 1,274,487,215 | 26,027,000 | 9,072,000 | 16,954,000 | 20.4 | 6.95 | 13.3 | 0.1 | 2.47 | 40.8 | 67.9 |
2013 | 1,291,132,063 | 25,740,000 | 8,987,000 | 16,753,000 | 19.9 | 6.86 | 13.0 | 0.1 | 2.41 | 38.7 | 68.5 |
2014 | 1,307,246,509 | 24,899,000 | 8,876,000 | 16,023,000 | 19.0 | 6.77 | 12.3 | 0.2 | 2.31 | 36.7 | 69.1 |
2015 | 1,322,866,505 | 24,828,000 | 8,826,000 | 16,003,000 | 18.8 | 6.73 | 12.1 | -0.2 | 2.29 | 34.7 | 69.6 |
2016 | 1,338,636,340 | 24,783,000 | 8,839,000 | 15,944,000 | 18.5 | 6.70 | 11.9 | 0 | 2.27 | 32.8 | 70.1 |
2017 | 1,354,195,680 | 24,254,000 | 8,928,000 | 15,326,000 | 17.9 | 6.67 | 11.3 | 0.3 | 2.20 | 31.1 | 70.5 |
2018 | 1,369,003,306 | 24,168,000 | 9,098,000 | 15,070,000 | 17.7 | 6.67 | 11.0 | -0.1 | 2.18 | 29.4 | 70.7 |
2019 | 1,383,112,050 | 23,583,000 | 9,281,000 | 14,302,000 | 17.0 | 6.67 | 10.3 | 0 | 2.11 | 27.9 | 70.9 |
2020 | 1,396,387,127 | 23,139,000 | 10,262,000 | 12,876,000 | 16.6 | 7.21 | 9.2 | 0.4 | 2.05 | 26.6 | 70.1 |
2021 | 1,407,563,842 | 23,114,000 | 13,511,232 | 9,602,768 | 16.4 | 9.26 | 7.0 | -1.0 | 2.03 | 25.5 | 67.2 |
2022 | 1,417,173,173 | 23,056,027 | 12,862,015 | 10,194,012 | 16.3 | 6.58 | 7.2 | -0.4 | 2.01 | 67.7 | |
2023 | 1,428,627,663 | 23,162,866 | 11,222,240 | 11,940,626 | 16.1 | 6.61 | 9.5 | -1.4 | 2.00(e) | 72.0 | |
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Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Year | Average population | Live births1 | Deaths1 | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1981 | 716,493,000 | 24,289,000 | 8,956,000 | 15,333,000 | 33.9 | 12.5 | 21.4 | 4.52 |
1982 | 733,152,000 | 24,781,000 | 8,725,000 | 16,056,000 | 33.8 | 11.9 | 21.9 | 4.5 |
1983 | 750,034,000 | 25,276,000 | 8,925,000 | 16,351,000 | 33.7 | 11.9 | 21.8 | 4.5 |
1984 | 767,147,000 | 26,006,000 | 9,666,000 | 16,340,000 | 33.9 | 12.6 | 21.3 | 4.5 |
1985 | 784,491,000 | 25,810,000 | 9,257,000 | 16,553,000 | 32.9 | 11.8 | 21.1 | 4.3 |
1986 | 802,052,000 | 26,147,000 | 8,903,000 | 17,244,000 | 32.6 | 11.1 | 21.5 | 4.15 |
1987 | 819,800,000 | 26,316,000 | 8,936,000 | 17,380,000 | 32.1 | 10.9 | 21.2 | 4.1 |
1988 | 837,700,000 | 26,388,000 | 9,215,000 | 17,173,000 | 31.5 | 11.0 | 20.5 | 4.0 |
1989 | 855,707,000 | 26,185,000 | 8,814,000 | 17,371,000 | 30.6 | 10.3 | 20.3 | 3.9 |
1990 | 873,785,000 | 26,388,000 | 8,476,000 | 17,912,000 | 30.2 | 9.7 | 20.5 | 3.8 |
1991 | 891,910,000 | 26,133,000 | 8,741,000 | 17,392,000 | 29.3 | 9.8 | 19.5 | 3.64 |
1992 | 910,065,000 | 26,392,000 | 9,192,000 | 17,200,000 | 29.0 | 10.1 | 18.9 | 3.6 |
1993 | 928,226,000 | 26,640,000 | 8,633,000 | 18,007,000 | 0 | 9.3 | 19.4 | 3.5 |
1994 | 946,373,000 | 27,161,000 | 8,801,000 | 18,360,000 | 28.7 | 9.3 | 19.4 | 3.5 |
1995 | 964,486,000 | 27,295,000 | 8,680,000 | 18,615,000 | 28.3 | 9.0 | 19.3 | 3.5 |
1996 | 982,553,000 | 26,824,000 | 8,745,000 | 18,079,000 | 27.3 | 8.9 | 18.4 | 3.40 |
1997 | 1,000,558,000 | 27,215,000 | 8,905,000 | 18,310,000 | 27.2 | 8.9 | 18.3 | 3.3 |
1998 | 1,018,471,000 | 26,989,000 | 9,166,000 | 17,823,000 | 26.5 | 9.0 | 17.5 | 3.2 |
1999 | 1,036,259,000 | 26,943,000 | 9,015,000 | 17,928,000 | 26.0 | 8.7 | 17.3 | 3.2 |
2000 | 1,053,898,000 | 27,191,000 | 8,958,000 | 18,233,000 | 25.8 | 8.5 | 17.3 | 3.2 |
2001 | 1,071,374,000 | 27,213,000 | 9,000,000 | 18,213,000 | 25.4 | 8.4 | 17.0 | 3.10 |
2002 | 1,088,694,000 | 27,217,000 | 8,818,000 | 18,399,000 | 25.0 | 8.1 | 16.9 | 3.0 |
2003 | 1,105,886,000 | 27,426,000 | 8,847,000 | 18,579,000 | 24.8 | 8.0 | 16.8 | 3.0 |
2004 | 1,122,991,000 | 27,064,000 | 8,422,000 | 18,642,000 | 24.1 | 7.5 | 16.6 | 2.9 |
2005 | 1,140,043,000 | 27,133,000 | 8,664,000 | 18,469,000 | 23.8 | 7.6 | 16.2 | 2.9 |
2006 | 1,157,039,000 | 27,190,000 | 8,678,000 | 18,512,000 | 23.5 | 7.5 | 16.0 | 2.79 |
2007 | 1,134,024,000 | 26,195,954 | 8,391,778 | 17,804,176 | 23.1 | 7.4 | 15.7 | 2.7 |
2008 | 1,150,196,000 | 26,224,469 | 8,511,450 | 17,713,019 | 22.8 | 7.4 | 15.4 | 2.6 |
2009 | 1,166,228,000 | 26,240,130 | 8,513,464 | 17,726,666 | 22.5 | 7.3 | 15.2 | 2.6 |
2010 | 1,182,108,000 | 26,124,587 | 8,511,178 | 17,613,409 | 22.1 | 7.2 | 14.9 | 2.5 |
2011 | 1,197,658,000 | 26,108,944 | 8,503,372 | 17,605,572 | 21.8 | 7.1 | 14.7 | 2.44 |
2012 | 1,212,827,000 | 26,197,063 | 8,489,789 | 17,707,274 | 21.6 | 7.0 | 14.6 | 2.38 |
2013 | 1,227,012,000 | 26,258,057 | 8,589,084 | 17,668,973 | 21.4 | 7.0 | 14.4 | 2.34 |
2014 | 1,243,542,000 | 25,904,377 | 8,264,730 | 17,639,647 | 21.0 | 6.7 | 14.3 | 2.32 |
2015 | 1,259,108,000 | 26,189,446 | 8,184,202 | 18,005,244 | 20.8 | 6.5 | 14.3 | 2.27 |
2016 | 1,273,986,000 | 25,989,314 | 8,153,510 | 17,835,804 | 20.4 | 6.4 | 14.0 | 2.26 |
2017 [83] | 1,288,522,000 | 26,028,144 | 8,117,689 | 17,910,455 | 20.2 | 6.3 | 13.9 | 2.18 |
2018 | 1,324,609,000 | 26,492,180 | 8,212,576 | 18,279,604 | 20.0 | 6.2 | 13.8 | 2.15 |
2019 | 1,338,995,000 | 24,820,886 | 7,641,076 | 17,179,810 | 18.5 | 5.7 | 12.8 | 2.08 [84] |
2020 | 1,353,378,000 | 24,222,444 | 8,115,882 | 16,106,562 | 17.9 | 6.0 | 11.9 | 2.03 |
1The numbers of births and deaths were calculated from the birth and death rates and the average population. |
Period | Life expectancy at birth | Life expectancy at age 15 | Life expectancy at age 65 | Life expectancy at age 80 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1950–1955 | 41.7 | 45.0 | 10.9 | 4.8 |
1955–1960 | 43.4 | 45.6 | 11.1 | 4.8 |
1960–1965 | 45.2 | 46.4 | 11.2 | 4.9 |
1965–1970 | 45.0 | 46.1 | 11.2 | 4.9 |
1970–1975 | 48.2 | 48.0 | 11.2 | 5.1 |
1975–1980 | 50.8 | 49.8 | 12.3 | 6.0 |
1980–1985 | 53.6 | 51.0 | 12.2 | 5.8 |
1985–1990 | 56.3 | 52.4 | 12.3 | 5.8 |
1990–1995 | 58.7 | 53.3 | 12.6 | 5.9 |
1995–2000 | 60.6 | 54.1 | 13.0 | 6.2 |
2000–2005 | 62.7 | 54.9 | 13.6 | 6.6 |
2005–2010 | 65.0 | 56.0 | 13.9 | 6.4 |
2010–2015 | 66.9 | 56.6 | 14.1 | 6.4 |
2015-2020 | 69.6 | 58.2 | 15.3 | 7.5 |
2020-2025 | 70.1 | 57.8 | 14.7 | 7.1 |
Source 1: UN World Population Prospects [87]
Source 2: Our World in Data [88]
From the Demographic Health Survey: [89]
Year | Total | Urban | Rural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CBR | TFR1 | CBR | TFR1 | CBR | TFR1 | |
1992–1993 | 28.7 | 3.39 (2.64) | 24.1 | 2.70 (2.09) | 30.4 | 3.67 (2.86) |
1998–1999 | 24.8 | 2.85 (2.13) | 20.9 | 2.27 (1.73) | 26.2 | 3.07 (2.28) |
2005–2006 | 23.1 | 2.68 (1.90) | 18.8 | 2.06 (1.60) | 25.0 | 2.98 (2.10) |
2015–2016 | 19.0 | 2.18 (1.8) | 15.8 | 1.75 (1.5) | 20.7 | 2.41 (1.9) |
2019–2021 | 17.1 | 1.99 (1.6) | 14.0 | 1.63 (1.4) | 18.6 | 2.14 (1.7) |
CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman). 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate. |
Year | Hindu | Muslim | Christian | Sikh | Buddhist/ Neo-Buddhist | Jain | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019–2021 | 1.94 (1.6) | 2.36 (1.8) | 1.88 (1.7) | 1.61 (1.4) | 1.39 (1.2) | 1.60 (1.5) | 2.15 (1.7) |
CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman). 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate. |
State (Population 2011) | Total | Urban | Rural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CBR | TFR1 | CBR | TFR1 | CBR | TFR1 | |
Uttar Pradesh (199 812 341) | 22.6 | 2.74 (2.06) | 18.6 | 2.08 (1.62) | 24.0 | 2.99 (2.22) |
Maharashtra (112 374 333) | 16.6 | 1.87 (1.57) | 15.5 | 1.68 (1.41) | 17.5 | 2.06 (1.73) |
Bihar (104 099 452) | 27.1 | 3.41 (2.48) | 20.4 | 2.42 (1.83) | 28.0 | 3.56 (2.58) |
West Bengal (91 276 115) | 16.6 | 1.77 (1.53) | 14.0 | 1.57 (1.38) | 18.0 | 1.85 (1.58) |
Madhya Pradesh (72 626 809) | 20.2 | 2.32 (1.82) | 17.7 | 1.95 (1.61) | 21.3 | 2.48 (1.91) |
Tamil Nadu (72 147 030) | 15.5 | 1.70 (1.51) | 13.9 | 1.54 (1.38) | 17.2 | 1.86 (1.63) |
Rajasthan (68 548 437) | 20.8 | 2.40 (1.81) | 17.5 | 1.94 (1.52) | 22.0 | 2.56 (1.91) |
Karnataka (61 095 297) | 15.9 | 1.81 (1.42) | 15.2 | 1.65 (1.30) | 16.5 | 1.92 (1.50) |
Gujarat (60 439 692) | 16.7 | 2.03 (1.54) | 15.3 | 1.82 (1.39) | 17.9 | 2.19 (1.64) |
Andhra Pradesh (49 386 799) | 16.1 | 1.83 (1.64) | 13.9 | 1.53 (1.39) | 17.0 | 1.96 (1.75) |
Odisha (41 974 218) | 18.1 | 2.05 (1.69) | 15.6 | 1.73 (1.50) | 18.7 | 2.12 (1.72) |
Telangana (35 193 978) | 17.1 | 1.79 (1.59) | 17.1 | 1.67 (1.53) | 17.2 | 1.88 (1.64) |
Kerala (33 406 061) | 11.2 | 1.56 (1.47) | 11.4 | 1.57 (1.47) | 11.0 | 1.55 (1.46) |
Jharkhand (32 988 134) | 21.7 | 2.55 (2.06) | 16.3 | 1.78 (1.47) | 23.5 | 2.83 (2.27) |
Assam (31 205 576) | 19.5 | 2.21 (1.78) | 13.2 | 1.45 (1.25) | 20.5 | 2.34 (1.87) |
Punjab (27 743 338) | 13.8 | 1.62 (1.37) | 13.5 | 1.59 (1.32) | 14.0 | 1.63 (1.39) |
Chhattisgarh (25 545 198) | 20.7 | 2.23 (1.88) | 17.9 | 1.78 (1.58) | 21.5 | 2.37 (1.97) |
Haryana (25 351 462) | 18.7 | 2.05 (1.63) | 16.3 | 1.78 (1.44) | 20.2 | 2.22 (1.75) |
Jammu and Kashmir (12 541 302) | 17.7 | 2.01 (1.67) | 13.9 | 1.58 (1.39) | 19.4 | 2.18 (1.77) |
Uttarakhand (10 086 292) | 19.0 | 2.07 (1.60) | 17.1 | 1.80 (1.43) | 20.0 | 2.24 (1.71) |
Himachal Pradesh (6 864 602) | 15.3 | 1.88 (1.55) | 12.0 | 1.43 (1.15) | 15.7 | 1.92 (1.59) |
Tripura (3 673 917) | 15.3 | 1.69 (1.55) | 12.7 | 1.40 (1.34) | 16.4 | 1.80 (1.62) |
Meghalaya (2 966 889) | 24.6 | 3.04 (2.79) | 16.1 | 1.67 (1.57) | 26.7 | 3.47 (3.18) |
Manipur (2 855 794) | 21.2 | 2.61 (2.33) | 17.5 | 2.14 (1.96) | 23.7 | 2.92 (2.57) |
Nagaland (1 978 502) | 21.4 | 2.74 (2.35) | 16.3 | 1.78 (1.58) | 24.1 | 3.38 (2.86) |
Goa (1 458 545) | 12.8 | 1.66 (1.37) | 13.4 | 1.72 (1.37) | 11.7 | 1.55 (1.37) |
Arunachal Pradesh (1 383 727) | 17.9 | 2.12 (1.64) | 17.0 | 1.69 (1.26) | 18.2 | 2.29 (1.79) |
Mizoram (1 097 206) | 18.7 | 2.26 (2.15) | 16.9 | 1.97 (1.89) | 21.2 | 2.71 (2.54) |
Sikkim (610 577) | 11.4 | 1.17 (0.88) | 12.1 | 1.11 (0.82) | 11.1 | 1.21 (0.91) |
CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman). 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate. |
State (Population 2011) | Total | Urban | Rural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CBR | TFR1 | CBR | TFR1 | CBR | TFR1 | |
Uttar Pradesh (199 812 341) | 20.5 | 2.35 (1.77) | 16.7 | 1.88 (1.49) | 21.8 | 2.50 (1.86) |
Maharashtra (112 374 333) | 13.8 | 1.71 (1.43) | 12.6 | 1.50 (1.27) | 15.0 | 1.89 (1.58) |
Bihar (104 099 452) | 25.9 | 2.98 (2.25) | 20.4 | 2.35 (1.88) | 27.0 | 3.11 (2.31) |
West Bengal (91 276 115) | 15.5 | 1.64 (1.42) | 12.4 | 1.39 (1.24) | 17.0 | 1.73 (1.48) |
Madhya Pradesh (72 626 809) | 17.2 | 1.99 (1.61) | 13.7 | 1.61 (1.34) | 18.5 | 2.12 (1.69) |
Tamil Nadu (72 147 030) | 13.7 | 1.76 (1.59) | 12.7 | 1.61 (1.50) | 14.6 | 1.89 (1.66) |
Rajasthan (68 548 437) | 18.7 | 2.01 (1.61) | 15.3 | 1.67 (1.42) | 19.8 | 2.11 (1.65) |
Karnataka (61 095 297) | 14.2 | 1.67 (1.38) | 13.2 | 1.50 (1.25) | 14.9 | 1.79 (1.46) |
Gujarat (60 439 692) | 15.0 | 1.86 (1.53) | 13.3 | 1.65 (1.39) | 16.3 | 2.0 (1.60) |
Andhra Pradesh (49 386 799) | 13.8 | 1.68 (1.55) | 12.5 | 1.47 (1.36) | 14.3 | 1.78 (1.64) |
Odisha (41 974 218) | 15.9 | 1.82 (1.52) | 13.1 | 1.48 (1.26) | 16.5 | 1.89 (1.57) |
Telangana (35 193 978) | 15.3 | 1.75 (1.55) | 16.0 | 1.75 (1.57) | 15.3 | 1.74 (1.54) |
Kerala (33 406 061) | 11.8 | 1.79 (1.68) | 11.9 | 1.82 (1.71) | 11.6 | 1.76 (1.65) |
Jharkhand (32 988 134) | 20.2 | 2.26 (1.87) | 14.2 | 1.56 (1.32) | 22.0 | 2.48 (2.04) |
Assam (31 205 576) | 16.8 | 1.87 (1.56) | 13.1 | 1.50 (1.37) | 17.4 | 1.93 (1.59) |
Punjab (27 743 338) | 13.3 | 1.63 (1.35) | 12.1 | 1.55 (1.29) | 14.0 | 1.68 (1.38) |
Chhattisgarh (25 545 198) | 16.4 | 1.82 (1.57) | 13.6 | 1.42 (1.28) | 17.2 | 1.94 (1.66) |
Haryana (25 351 462) | 16.4 | 1.91 (1.54) | 14.1 | 1.65 (1.38) | 17.5 | 2.04 (1.62) |
Jammu and Kashmir (12 541 302) | 13.1 | 1.41 (1.3) | ||||
Uttarakhand (10 086 292) | 16.7 | 1.85 (1.46) | 16.8 | 1.84 (1.47) | 16.6 | 1.86 (1.47) |
Himachal Pradesh (6 864 602) | 12.7 | 1.66 (1.43) | 11.2 | 1.43 (1.36) | 12.9 | 1.69 (1.44) |
Tripura (3 673 917) | 14.5 | 1.70 (1.49) | 11.0 | 1.39 (1.29) | 15.8 | 1.81 (1.56) |
Meghalaya (2 966 889) | 24.2 | 2.91 (2.66) | 14.8 | 1.57 (1.43) | 26.5 | 3.31 (3.04) |
Manipur (2 855 794) | 17.4 | 2.17 (1.98) | 14.7 | 1.84 (1.73) | 19.1 | 2.38 (2.13) |
Nagaland (1 978 502) | 15.4 | 1.72 (1.57) | 12.5 | 1.21 (1.13) | 16.8 | 2.00 (1.82) |
Goa (1 458 545) | 10.3 | 1.30 (1.21) | 10.3 | 1.26 (1.19) | 10.3 | 1.36 (1.24) |
Arunachal Pradesh (1 383 727) | 16.0 | 1.80 (1.49) | 14.8 | 1.44 (1.24) | 16.2 | 1.88 (1.54) |
Mizoram (1 097 206) | 15.0 | 1.87 (1.78) | 13.9 | 1.63 (1.56) | 16.4 | 2.19 (2.08) |
Sikkim (610 577) | 10.2 | 1.05 (0.85) | 7.8 | 0.71 (0.54) | 11.7 | 1.32 (1.11) |
Delhi | 14.8 | 1.62 (1.29) | 14.6 | 1.60 (1.27) | 23.4 | 2.47 (2.06) |
CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman). 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate. |
State or UT | Birth rate | Death rate | Natural growth rate | Infant mortality rate | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Rural | Urban | Total | Rural | Urban | Total | Rural | Urban | Total | Rural | Urban | |
Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 15.6 | 15.5 | 15.8 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 11.3 | 10.7 | 12.6 | 25 | 29 | 18 |
Andhra Pradesh | 17.9 | 18.3 | 16.7 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 5.4 | 10.2 | 9.7 | 11.3 | 46 | 51 | 33 |
Arunachal Pradesh | 20.5 | 22.1 | 14.6 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 2.3 | 14.6 | 15.2 | 12.3 | 31 | 34 | 12 |
Assam | 23.2 | 24.4 | 15.8 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 5.8 | 14.9 | 15.8 | 10.1 | 58 | 60 | 36 |
Bihar | 28.1 | 28.8 | 22.0 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 5.6 | 21.3 | 21.8 | 16.4 | 48 | 49 | 38 |
Chandigarh | 15.6 | 21.6 | 15.0 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 11.6 | 17.9 | 11.0 | 22 | 20 | 23 |
Chhattisgarh | 25.3 | 26.8 | 18.6 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 6.2 | 17.3 | 18.4 | 12.4 | 51 | 52 | 44 |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 26.6 | 26.0 | 28.6 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 3.3 | 21.9 | 20.9 | 25.3 | 38 | 43 | 22 |
Daman and Diu | 18.8 | 19.1 | 18.3 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 13.9 | 14.2 | 13.6 | 23 | 19 | 29 |
Delhi | 17.8 | 19.7 | 17.5 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 13.6 | 15.0 | 13.4 | 30 | 37 | 29 |
Goa | 13.2 | 12.6 | 13.7 | 6.6 | 8.1 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 4.5 | 8.0 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Gujarat | 21.8 | 23.3 | 19.4 | 6.7 | 7.5 | 5.5 | 15.1 | 15.8 | 14.0 | 44 | 51 | 30 |
Haryana | 22.3 | 23.3 | 19.8 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 5.6 | 15.7 | 16.3 | 14.3 | 48 | 51 | 38 |
Himachal Pradesh | 16.9 | 17.5 | 11.5 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 4.2 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 7.3 | 40 | 41 | 29 |
Jammu and Kashmir | 18.3 | 19.5 | 13.5 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 12.6 | 13.6 | 8.8 | 43 | 45 | 32 |
Jharkhand | 25.3 | 26.7 | 19.3 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 5.4 | 18.3 | 19.3 | 13.9 | 42 | 44 | 30 |
Karnataka | 19.2 | 20.2 | 17.5 | 7.1 | 8.1 | 5.4 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 38 | 43 | 28 |
Kerala | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 8.1 | 13 | 14 | 10 |
Lakshadweep | 14.3 | 15.5 | 13.2 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 8.0 | 9.5 | 6.5 | 25 | 23 | 27 |
Madhya Pradesh | 27.3 | 29.2 | 20.5 | 8.3 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 18.9 | 20.2 | 14.5 | 62 | 67 | 42 |
Maharashtra | 17.1 | 17.6 | 16.4 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 5.3 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 28 | 34 | 20 |
Manipur | 14.9 | 14.8 | 15.3 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 11.3 | 14 | 15 | 9 |
Meghalaya | 24.5 | 26.6 | 14.8 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 5.6 | 16.6 | 18.2 | 9.2 | 55 | 58 | 37 |
Mizoram | 17.1 | 21.1 | 13.0 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 3.7 | 12.5 | 15.7 | 9.3 | 37 | 47 | 21 |
Nagaland | 16.8 | 17.0 | 16.0 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 13.2 | 13.3 | 12.7 | 23 | 24 | 20 |
Odisha | 20.5 | 21.4 | 15.2 | 8.6 | 9.0 | 6.6 | 11.9 | 12.4 | 8.6 | 61 | 63 | 43 |
Puducherry | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 7.4 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 22 | 25 | 21 |
Punjab | 16.6 | 17.2 | 15.6 | 7.0 | 7.7 | 5.8 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.8 | 34 | 37 | 28 |
Rajasthan | 26.7 | 27.9 | 22.9 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 20.0 | 20.9 | 16.9 | 55 | 61 | 31 |
Sikkim | 17.8 | 18.1 | 16.1 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 3.8 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 30 | 31 | 19 |
Tamil Nadu | 15.9 | 16.0 | 15.8 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 8.9 | 24 | 25 | 22 |
Tripura | 14.9 | 15.6 | 11.5 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 5.8 | 27 | 29 | 19 |
Uttar Pradesh | 28.3 | 29.2 | 24.2 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 6.3 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 17.9 | 61 | 64 | 44 |
Uttarakhand | 19.3 | 20.2 | 16.2 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 5.1 | 13.0 | 13.5 | 11.1 | 38 | 41 | 25 |
West Bengal | 16.8 | 18.6 | 11.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 10.7 | 12.6 | 5.6 | 31 | 32 | 25 |
The table below represents the infant mortality rate trends in India, based on sex, over the last 15 years. In the urban areas of India, average male infant mortality rates are slightly higher than average female infant mortality rates. [93]
Year | Male | Female | Total |
---|---|---|---|
1998 [94] | 69.8 | 73.5 | 71.6 |
2005 [93] | 56.3 | 58 | 57 [95] |
2009 [96] | 49 | 52 | — |
2014 [97] | 43.7 | 37.90 | 40.7 [95] |
2018 [98] | 29.95 | 29.88 | 29.94 [98] |
India's 2011 census shows a serious decline in the number of girls under the age of seven – activists posit that eight million female fetuses may have been aborted between 2001 and 2011. [99]
Caste and community statistics as recorded from "Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Commission" (SEBC) or Mandal Commission of 1979. This was completed in 1983.
India has chosen not to officially count caste population since then.
The following data are from the Mandal report:[ citation needed ]
Caste/Tribe | population | percentage | notes |
---|---|---|---|
Total population | 731,000,000 | *Margin of error 0.34% | |
Scheduled castes and tribes | 164,913,600 | ||
Scheduled castes | 110,015,500 | ||
Scheduled tribes | 54,898,100 | ||
Non OBC/SC/ST Hindu castes/communities | 128,509,800 | ||
Brahmin (including Bhumihar) | 40,351,200 | ||
Kshtriyas(Rajput) | 28,509,000 | ||
Maratha | 16,155,100 | ||
Jats | 7,310,000 | ||
Vaishya, Bania, etc. | 13,742,800 | ||
Kayasthas | 7,821,700 | ||
Others [ Including Yadavs (Kshtriyas) ] | 14,620,000 | ||
Non-Hindu communities and groups | 121,346,000 | Non-Hindu scheduled and OBC | |
Muslim (Non S.T) | 81,798,900 | ||
Christian (Non S.T) | 15,789,600 | ||
Sikh (Non scheduled) | 12,207,700 | ||
Buddhist (Non S.T) | 4,897,700 | ||
Jain (Non scheduled) | 3,435,700 | ||
Other backward classes and communities (OBC) | 380,120,000 | *OBC is a derived figure | |
Hindu OBC | 318,716,000 | ||
Non-Hindu OBC | 61,404,000 | *52% of Non-Hindus |
Year | Indo-Aryans and Aryanized people (%) | Dravidian people (%) | Sino-Tibetan people (%) | Austroasiatic (%) | Negrito (%) | Others (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1951 | 71.86 | 23.95 | 2.99 | 0.60 | 0.006 | 0.594 |
1961 | 72.24 | 23.91 | 2.93 | 0.59 | 0.005 | 0.325 |
1971 | 72.02 | 23.49 | 2.94 | 0.59 | 0.005 | 0.955 |
1981 | 71.98 | 23.98 | 2.88 | 0.58 | 0.005 | 0.575 |
1991 | 72.08 | 24.02 | 2.80 | 0.56 | 0.004 | 0.536 |
2001 | 71.25 | 24.89 | 2.83 | 0.57 | 0.004 | 0.456 |
2011 | 70.17 | 25.26 | 2.99 | 0.65 | 0.004 | 0.926 |
Sources:
1. **1951 Census of India:** – *Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.* (1951). *1951 Census of India: Volume I – India (Part II-C) – Languages.* New Delhi: Government of India. Available at .
– *Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.* (1961). *1961 Census of India: Volume I – India (Part II-C) – Languages.* New Delhi: Government of India. Available at [ citation needed ].
3. **1971 Census of India:**
– *Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.* (1971). *1971 Census of India: Volume I – India (Part II-C) – Languages.* New Delhi: Government of India. Available at [ citation needed ].
4. **1981 Census of India:**
– *Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.* (1981). *1981 Census of India: Volume II – India (Part II-C) – Languages.* New Delhi: Government of India. Available at [ citation needed ].
5. **1991 Census of India:**
– *Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.* (1991). *1991 Census of India: Volume II – India (Part II-C) – Languages.* New Delhi: Government of India. Available at [ citation needed ].
6. **2001 Census of India:**
– *Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.* (2001). *2001 Census of India: Volume II – India (Part II-C) – Languages.* New Delhi: Government of India. Available at [ citation needed ].
7. **2011 Census of India:**
– *Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.* (2011). *2011 Census of India: Volume II – India (Part II-C) – Languages.* New Delhi: Government of India. Available at [ citation needed ].
2. Ludden, David. (2013). India and South Asia: A Short History. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 1780741086 [ citation needed ].
3. Bhagat, R. B. (2004). "Census Enumeration in India, 1991 and 2001: Issues and Concerns." Economic and Political Weekly[ citation needed ].
The national Census of India does not recognise racial or ethnic groups within India, [100] but recognises many of the tribal groups as Scheduled Castes and Tribes (see list of Scheduled Tribes in India). For a list of ethnic groups in the Republic of India (as well as neighbouring countries), see South Asian ethnic groups.
The table below summarises India's demographics (excluding the Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati district of Manipur state due to cancellation of census results) according to religion at the 2011 census in per cent. The data are "unadjusted" (without excluding Assam and Jammu and Kashmir); the 1981 census was not conducted in Assam and the 1991 census was not conducted in Jammu and Kashmir. Missing citing/reference for "Changes in religious demagraphics over time" table below.
Religion | Population | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Hindus | 966,378,868 | |
Muslims | 172,245,158 | |
Christians | 27,819,588 | |
Sikhs | 20,833,116 | |
Buddhists | 8,442,972 | |
Jains | 4,451,753 | |
Others | 7,937,734 | |
Not Stated | 2,867,303 |
Year | Hindus | Muslims | Christians | Sikhs | Buddhists | Jainis | Zoroastrians | Others/ Religion not specified |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1951 | ||||||||
1961 | ||||||||
1971 | ||||||||
1981 | ||||||||
1991 | ||||||||
2001 | ||||||||
2011 [128] | — |
Religious group | Population (2011) % | Growth (2001–2011) [129] [130] | Sex ratio (2011) | Literacy (2011) (%) [131] | Work participation (2011) (%) [132] [133] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
total [132] | rural | urban | child [134] | |||||
Hinduism | 79.80% | 16.8% | 939 | 946 | 921 | 913 | 73.3% | 41.0% |
Islam | 14.23% | 24.6% | 951 | 957 | 941 | 943 | 68.5% | 32.6% |
Christianity | 2.30% | 15.5% | 1023 | 1008 | 1046 | 958 | 84.5% | 41.9% |
Sikhism | 1.72% | 8.4% | 903 | 905 | 898 | 828 | 75.4% | 36.3% |
Buddhism | 0.70% | 6.1% | 965 | 960 | 973 | 933 | 81.3% | 43.1% |
Jainism | 0.37% | 5.4% | 954 | 935 | 959 | 889 | 94.9% | 35.5% |
Others/Religion Not Specified | 0.90% | n/a | 959 | 947 | 975 | 974 | n/a | n/a |
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Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Bangladesh is the eighth-most populated country in the world with almost 2.2% of the world's population. As per the final results of the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, the country's population is 169,828,911. Bangladesh has one of the highest population densities in the world.
The Gondi (Gōṇḍī) or Gond people, who refer to themselves as "Kōītōr", are an ethnolinguistic group in India. Their native language, Gondi, belongs to the Dravidian family. They are spread over the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and Odisha. They are listed as a Scheduled Tribe for the purpose of India's system of reservation.
Raigarh district is a district of the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh. Raigarh is the district headquarters.
The Kharia are an Austroasiatic tribal ethnic group from east-central India. They originally speak the Kharia language, which belong to Austroasiatic languages. They are sub-divided into three groups known as the Hill Kharia, Delki Kharia and the Dudh Kharia. Amongst them, the Dudh Kharia is the most educated community.
The Baiga are an ethnic group found in central India primarily in the state of Madhya Pradesh, and in smaller numbers in the surrounding states of Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. The largest number of Baiga is found in Baiga-chuk in Mandla district and Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh. They have sub-castes: Bijhwar, Narotia, Bharotiya, Nahar, Rai maina and Kath maina. The name Baiga means "sorcerer-medicine man".
Jharsuguda is a district in Odisha, India with Jharsuguda town as its headquarters. This region is rich in coal and other mineral reserves. Of late, many small and medium scale iron and steel units have been set up in the vicinity of Jharsuguda town, giving impetus to the industrial growth of the district.
Nicobar district is one of three districts in the Indian union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The district's administrative territory encompasses all of the Nicobar Islands, which are located in the Indian Ocean, between the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The headquarters of the district is the village of Malacca, located on the island of Car Nicobar.
Katni District, also known as Murwara District, is one of the 55 districts of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Katni (Murwara) is the District headquarters. The District is part of Jabalpur Division. The District occupies an area of 4949.59 km2.
Mirzapur district is one of the 75 districts in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The district is bounded on the north by Bhadohi and Varanasi districts, on the east by Chandauli district, on the south by Sonbhadra district and on the northwest by Prayagraj. The district occupies an area of 4521 km2. Mirzapur city is the district headquarters. Mirzapur district is a part of Mirzapur division. This district is known for the Vindhyavasini temple in Vindhyachal and several tourist attractions like waterfalls like Rajdari and Devdari and dams. It consist of several Ghats where historical sculptures are still present. During the Ganges festival these Ghats are decorated with lights and earthen lamps.
Firozpur district, also known as Ferozepur district, is one of the twenty-three districts in the state of Punjab, India. Firozpur district comprises an area of 2,190 km2 (850 sq mi).
Kerala is a state in south-western India. Most of Kerala's 33.4 million people are ethnically Malayalis. People of Kerala trace their origins to Dravidians and Aryans. Kerala people have mixed ancestry. Additional ancestries derive from millennia of trade links across the Arabian Sea, whereby people of Arab, Jewish, Syrian, Portuguese, English and other ethnicities settled in Kerala. Many of these immigrants intermarried with native Malayalam speakers resulting in formation of many Muslim and Christian groups in Kerala. Some Muslims and Christians thus take lineage from Middle Eastern and European settlers who mixed with native population.
Central Delhi is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India. It is bounded by the Yamuna River on the east and by the districts of North Delhi to the north, West Delhi and South West Delhi to the west, New Delhi to the south, and East Delhi to the east across the Yamuna.
Roughly 8.6 per cent of India's population is made up of "Scheduled Tribes" (STs), traditional tribal communities. In India those who are not Christians, Muslims, Jews, or Zoroastrians are identified as Hindus. The reason being varied beliefs and practices allowed in Hindusim and according of Hindusim as a geographical identity than merely Religious ones. Though, many of the Scheduled Tribes have modes of worship not typical to mainstream Hindusim but ontologically form part of the cultural practices of the land, as Nature or ancestral worship, with varying degrees of syncretism.
The Ho people are an Austroasiatic Munda ethnic group of India. They are mostly concentrated in the Kolhan region of Jharkhand and northern Odisha where they constitute around 10.7% and 7.3% of the total Scheduled Tribe population respectively, as of 2011. With a population of approximately 700,000 in the state in 2001, the Ho are the fourth most numerous Scheduled tribe in Jharkhand after the Santals, Kurukhs, and Mundas. Ho also inhabit adjacent areas in the neighbouring states of Odisha, West Bengal and Bihar bringing the total to 806,921 as of 2001. They also live in Bangladesh and Nepal.
The demographics of Uttar Pradesh is a complex topic, which is undergoing dynamic change. Uttar Pradesh is India's most populous state, and the largest subdivision in the world. It has a population of about 199,812,341 as per the 2011 census. If it were a separate country, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous nation, next only to China, the rest of India, the United States of America and Indonesia. Uttar Pradesh has a population more than that of Pakistan. There is an average population density of 828 persons per km2 i.e. 2,146 per sq mi. The capital of Uttar Pradesh is Lucknow, and Prayagraj serves as the state’s judicial capital. Hindus and Muslims both consider the state as a holy place.
Punjab is home to 2.3% of India's population; with a density of 551 persons per km2. According to the provisional results of the 2011 national census, Punjab has a population of 27,743,338, making it the 16th most populated state in India. Of which male and female are 14,639,465 and 13,103,873 respectively. 32% of Punjab's population consists of Dalits. In the state, the rate of population growth is 13.9% (2011), lower than national average. Out of total population, 37.5% people live in urban regions. The total figure of population living in urban areas is 10,399,146 of which 5,545,989 are males and while remaining 4,853,157 are females. The urban population in the last 10 years has increased by 37.5%. According to the 2011 Census of India, Punjab, India has a population of around 27.7 million.
The 2011 census of India or the 15th Indian census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information for National Population Register (NPR) was also collected in the first phase, which will be used to issue a 12-digit unique identification number to all registered Indian residents by Unique Identification Authority of India. The second population enumeration phase was conducted between 9 and 28 February 2011. Census has been conducted in India since 1872 and 2011 marks the first time biometric information was collected. According to the provisional reports released on 31 March 2011, the Indian population increased to 1.21 billion with a decadal growth of 17.70%. Adult literacy rate increased to 74.04% with a decadal growth of 9.21%. The motto of the census was Our Census, Our Future.
Bhumij is an Austroasiatic language belonging to the Munda subfamily, related to Ho, Mundari, and Santali, primarily spoken by Bhumij peoples in the Indian states Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal. As per the 2011 census, only 27,506 people out of 911,349 Bhumij people spoke Bhumij as their mother tongue, as most Bhumijas have shifted to one of the regional dominant languages. Thus the language is considered an extremely endangered language.
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