Administrative divisions of India

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The administrative divisions of India are subnational administrative units of India; they are composed of a nested hierarchy of administrative divisions.

Contents

Indian states and territories frequently use different local titles for the same level of subdivision (e.g., the mandals of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana correspond to tehsils of Uttar Pradesh and other Hindi-speaking states but to talukas of Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu). [1]

The smaller subdivisions (villages and blocks) exist only in rural areas. In urban areas, urban local bodies exist instead of these rural subdivisions.

Tiers of India

The diagram below outlines the six tiers of administrative divisions:

Country
(India)
State
(e.g. West Bengal State)
Division
(e.g. Medinipur Division)
District
(e.g. Bankura District)
Sub-division
(Revenue Subdivision)
(e.g. Bankura Sadar subdivision)
Sub-district
(Tehsil/Taluka, Circle, Sub-division)
(e.g. Bavla (Tehsil))
Block
(e.g. Bankura II Block)
Village
(e.g. Bikna village)

Zones and regions

Zones

The six zones of India Zonal divisions of Republic of India.jpg
The six zones of India

The states of India have been grouped into six zones having an Advisory Council "to develop the habit of cooperative working" among these States. Zonal Councils were set up vide Part-III of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The North Eastern States' special problems are addressed by another statutory body - The North Eastern Council, created by the North Eastern Council Act, 1971. [2] The present composition of each of these Zonal Councils is as under: [3]

Cultural zones

Each zone has a zonal headquarters where a zonal cultural center has been established. [7] Several states have membership in multiple zones, but no state subdivisions are utilized in the zonal divisions. In addition to promoting the culture of the zones they are responsible for, each zonal center also works to cross-promote and create exposure to other cultural zones of India by organizing functions and inviting artistes from other zones.

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Location of the headquarters of each cultural zone
ZoneZonal CentreExtent
South Culture Zone South Zone Cultural Centre, Thanjavur , Tamil Nadu Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, Telangana [8]
South Central Culture Zone South-Central Zone Cultural Centre, Nagpur , Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana [9]
North Culture Zone North Zone Cultural Centre, Patiala , Punjab Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand [10]
North Central Culture Zone North-Central Zone Cultural Centre, Prayagraj , Uttar Pradesh Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [11]
East Culture Zone East Zone Cultural Centre, Kolkata , West Bengal Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Manipur, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal [12]
North East Culture Zone North East Zone Cultural Centre, Dimapur , Nagaland Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura [13]
West Culture Zone West Zone Cultural Centre, Udaipur , Rajasthan Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan [14]

States and union territories

India is composed of 28 states and eight union territories (including a national capital territory). [15]

See also: List of state and union territory capitals in India

States

State ISO Vehicle
code 		Zone CapitalLargest cityStatehoodPopulation
(2011) [16] [17] 		Area
(km2)		Official
languages [18] 		Additional official
languages [18]
Andhra Pradesh IN-APAP Southern Amaravati Visakhapatnam 1 November 195649,506,799162,975 Telugu Urdu [19]
Arunachal Pradesh IN-ARAR North-Eastern Itanagar 20 February 19871,383,72783,743 English —
Assam IN-ASAS North-Eastern Dispur Guwahati 26 January 195031,205,57678,438 Assamese, Boro Bengali, Meitei [20]
Bihar IN-BRBR Eastern Patna 26 January 1950104,099,45294,163 Hindi Urdu
Chhattisgarh IN-CGCG Central Raipur [a] 1 November 200025,545,198135,194 Hindi Chhattisgarhi
Goa IN-GAGA Western Panaji Vasco da Gama 30 May 19871,458,5453,702 Konkani Marathi
Gujarat IN-GJGJ Western Gandhinagar Ahmedabad 1 May 196060,439,692196,024 Gujarati, Hindi —
Haryana IN-HRHR Northern Chandigarh Faridabad 1 November 196625,351,46244,212 Hindi Punjabi [21]
Himachal Pradesh IN-HPHP Northern Shimla (Summer)
Dharamshala (Winter) [22] 		Shimla 25 January 19716,864,60255,673 Hindi Sanskrit [23]
Jharkhand IN-JHJH Eastern Ranchi Jamshedpur 15 November 200032,988,13479,714 Hindi Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bhumij, Ho, Kharia, Khortha, Kurmali, Kurukh, Magahi, Maithili, Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Santali, Urdu [24] [25]
Karnataka IN-KAKA Southern Bangalore 1 November 195661,095,297191,791 Kannada —
Kerala IN-KLKL Southern Thiruvananthapuram 1 November 195633,406,06138,863 Malayalam English [26]
Madhya Pradesh IN-MPMP Central Bhopal Indore 1 November 195672,626,809308,252 Hindi —
Maharashtra IN-MHMH Western Mumbai (Summer)
Nagpur (Winter) [27] [28] 		Mumbai 1 May 1960112,374,333307,713 Marathi —
Manipur IN-MNMN North-Eastern Imphal 21 January 19722,855,79422,327 Meitei English
Meghalaya IN-MLML North-Eastern Shillong 21 January 19722,966,88922,429 English —
Mizoram IN-MZMZ North-Eastern Aizawl 20 February 19871,097,20621,081 Mizo, English —
Nagaland IN-NLNL North-Eastern Kohima Dimapur 1 December 19631,978,50216,579 English —
Odisha IN-ODOD Eastern Bhubaneswar 26 January 195041,974,218155,707 Odia —
Punjab IN-PBPB Northern Chandigarh Ludhiana 1 November 196627,743,33850,362 Punjabi —
Rajasthan IN-RJRJ Northern Jaipur 26 January 195068,548,437342,239 Hindi English
Sikkim IN-SKSK North-Eastern Gangtok 16 May 1975610,5777,096 Nepali, Sikkimese, Lepcha, English [29] Gurung, Limbu, Magar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Sherpa, Tamang
Tamil Nadu IN-TNTN Southern Chennai 1 November 195672,147,030130,058 Tamil English
Telangana IN-TSTG [30] Southern Hyderabad [b] 2 June 201435,193,978 [35] 112,077 [35] Telugu Urdu [36]
Tripura IN-TRTR North-Eastern Agartala 21 January 19723,673,91710,491 Bengali, English, Kokborok —
Uttar Pradesh IN-UPUP Central Lucknow 26 January 1950199,812,341240,928 Hindi Urdu
Uttarakhand IN-UKUK Central Bhararisain (Summer)
Dehradun (Winter) [37] 		Dehradun 9 November 200010,086,29253,483 Hindi Sanskrit [38]
West Bengal IN-WBWB Eastern Kolkata 26 January 195091,276,11588,752 Bengali, English Nepali, [c] Hindi, Odia, Punjabi, Santali, Telugu, Urdu, Kamatapuri, Rajbanshi, Kurmali, Kurukh
  1. ↑ Nava Raipur is planned to replace Raipur as the capital city of Chhattisgarh.
  2. ↑ Andhra Pradesh was divided into two states, Telangana and a residual Andhra Pradesh on 2 June 2014. [31] [32] Hyderabad, located entirely within the borders of Telangana, is to serve as the capital for both states for a period of time not exceeding ten years. [33] The Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Andhra Pradesh Legislature completed the process of relocating to temporary facilities in the envisaged new capital city Amaravati in early 2017. [34]
  3. ↑ Bengali and Nepali are the official languages in the Darjeeling and Kurseong sub-divisions of the Darjeeling district.

Union territories

State [39] ISO [40] Vehicle
code [41] 		Zone [42] Capital [39] Largest city [43] Established [44] Population
(2011) [45] 		Area
(km2) [46] 		Official
languages [47] 		Additional official
languages [47]
Andaman and Nicobar Islands IN-ANAN Eastern Sri Vijaya Puram 1 November 1956380,5818,249 Hindi, English —
Chandigarh IN-CHCH Northern Chandigarh 1 November 19661,055,450114 English —
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu IN-DHDD Western Daman Silvassa 26 January 2020587,106603Hindi, English Gujarati
Delhi IN-DLDL Northern New Delhi Delhi 1 November 195616,787,9411,484 Hindi, English Urdu, Punjabi [48]
Jammu and Kashmir IN-JKJK Northern Srinagar (Summer)
Jammu (Winter) [49] 		Srinagar 31 October 201912,258,43342,241 Dogri, English, Hindi, Kashmiri, Urdu —
Ladakh IN-LALA Northern Leh (Summer)
Kargil (Winter) [50] 		Leh 31 October 2019290,49259,146 Hindi, English —
Lakshadweep IN-LDLD Southern Kavaratti 1 November 195664,47332 Hindi, English Malayalam
Puducherry IN-PYPY Southern Pondicherry 16 August 19621,247,953479 Tamil, French, English Telugu, Malayalam

Autonomous administrative divisions

Autonomous councils in India Autonomous divisions of India.svg
Autonomous councils in India

The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India allows for the formation of autonomous administrative divisions which have been given autonomy within their respective states. [51]

Presently, 10 Autonomous Councils in Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura are formed by virtue of the Sixth Schedule [52] with the rest being formed as a result of other legislation.

There are 10 Autonomous District Councils created by the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India:

StateAutonomous District CouncilHeadquartersFormationChief Executive Member
Assam Bodoland Territorial Council Kokrajhar 2003 Pramod Boro
North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council Haflong 1952Debolal Gorlosa
Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council Diphu 1952Tuliram Ronghang
Meghalaya Garo Hills Autonomous District Council Tura 1973Benedick R Marak
Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council Jowai 1973T Shiwat
Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council Shillong 1973Titosstarwell Chyne
Mizoram Chakma Autonomous District Council Kamalanagar 1972 Rasik Mohan Chakma
Lai Autonomous District Council Lawngtlai 1972V. Zirsanga
Mara Autonomous District Council Siaha 1972M Laikaw
Tripura Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council Khumulwng 1982 Purna Chandra Jamatia

Some states have created autonomous councils by an Act of their state legislatures. The two autonomous councils in the union territory of Ladakh was created by the state of Jammu and Kashmir (1952 – 2019).

State/UTAutonomous CouncilHeadquartersFormationChief Executive Member
Assam Tiwa Autonomous Council Morigaon 1995Jiban Chandra Konwar
Mising Autonomous Council Dhemaji 1995 Ranoj Pegu
Rabha Hasong Autonomous Council Dudhnoi 1995Tankeswar Rabha
Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council Dibrugarh 2005Dipu ranjan Markari
Thengal Kachari Autonomous Council Titabar 2005Kumud Ch Kachari
Deori Autonomous Council Narayanpur 2005Madhav Deori
Moran Autonomous Council Tinsukia 2020Dipon Moran
Matak Autonomous Council Chring Gaon2020
Bodo Kachari Welfare Autonomous Council Simen Chapori2020Mihiniswar Basumatary
Kamtapur Autonomous Council Abhayapuri 2020Jibesh Roy
Manipur Chandel Autonomous District Council Chandel 1971 [53] Ksh. Siddharth, MCS
Churachandpur Autonomous District Council Churachandpur 1971 [53] Lalthazam, MCS
Sadar Hills Autonomous District Council Kangpokpi 1971 [53] James Doujapao Haokip, MCS
Manipur North Autonomous District Council Senapati 1971 [53] H L Jain, MCS
Tamenglong Autonomous District Council Tamenglong 1971 [53] Ningreingam Leisan [54]
Ukhrul Autonomous District Council Ukhrul 1971 [53] David Kashungnao, MCS
Ladakh Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil Kargil 2003Mohammad Jaffer Akhone
Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh Leh 1995Tashi Gyalson
West Bengal Gorkhaland Territorial Administration Darjeeling 2012Anit Thapa

Divisions

Many of the Indian states are subdivided into divisions, which have official administrative governmental status, and each division is headed by a senior IAS officer called Divisional Commissioner.

States like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa, etc. don't have separate divisions or regions. Instead, they're directly split into districts for administrative purposes.

As of September 2022, divisions exist in 18 of the 28 states and 3 of the 8 union territories. As of September 2022, there are a total of 102 divisions in India.

No. of divisions in each state or UT
State/union territoryNo. of divisionsPopulation [55] Population per division
Andhra Pradesh -49,386,799-
Arunachal Pradesh 31,383,727461,242
Assam 531,169,2726,233,854
Bihar 9104,099,45211,566,606
Chhattisgarh 525,545,1985,109,040
Goa -1,458,545-
Gujarat -60,439,692-
Haryana 625,351,4624,225,244
Himachal Pradesh 36,864,6022,288,201
Telangana -35,193,978-
Jharkhand 532,988,1346,597,627
Karnataka 461,095,29715,273,824
Kerala -33,406,061-
Madhya Pradesh 1072,626,8097,262,681
Maharashtra 6112,374,33318,729,056
Manipur -2,721,756-
Meghalaya 22,966,8891,483,445
Mizoram -1,097,206-
Nagaland 11,978,5021,978,502
Odisha 341,974,21813,991,406
Punjab 527,743,3385,548,668
Rajasthan 1068,548,4376,854,844
Sikkim -610,577-
Tamil Nadu -72,147,030-
Tripura -3,673,917-
Uttar Pradesh 18199,812,34111,100,686
Uttarakhand 210,086,2925,043,146
West Bengal 591,276,11518,255,223
Andaman and Nicobar Islands -380,581-
Chandigarh -1,055,450-
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu -586,956-
Jammu and Kashmir 212,258,4336,129,217
Ladakh 1290,492290,492
Lakshadweep -64,473-
Delhi 116,787,94116,787,941
Puducherry -1,247,953-
Total 1031,210,854,97711,755,874

Regions within states

Some states consist of regions, which have no official administrative governmental status. They are purely geographic regions; some correspond to historic countries, states or provinces. A region may comprise one or more divisions, averaging about three divisions per region. However, the boundaries of the regions and the boundaries of the divisions do not always coincide exactly. So far there has been no movement to give the regions official administrative status. If this was to be done, it would presumably require that the boundaries of the regions be slightly modified so that they correspond exactly with their constituent districts.

Districts

States and territories (or divisions) are further subdivided into districts (zilla), of which there are 797 (as of Nov 2023). A district in India, officially referred to as a revenue district, is a basic administrative unit under a state or union territory. Each District is headed by an IAS officer called District Magistrate.

Number of districts & population (as per 2011) in administrative divisions
Administrative divisionsNo. of districtsTotal populationPopulation per district
States
Andhra Pradesh 2649,577,1031,906,812
Arunachal Pradesh 271,383,72751,249
Assam 3531,205,576891,588
Bihar 38104,099,4522,739,459
Chhattisgarh 3325,545,198774,097
Goa 21,458,545729,273
Gujarat 3360,439,6921,831,506
Haryana 2225,351,4621,152,339
Himachal Pradesh 126,864,602572,050
Jharkhand 2432,988,1341,374,506
Karnataka 3161,095,2971,970,816
Kerala 1433,406,0612,386,147
Madhya Pradesh 5572,626,8091,274,155
Maharashtra 36112,374,3333,121,509
Manipur 162,570,390160,649
Meghalaya 122,966,889247,241
Mizoram 111,097,20699,746
Nagaland 161,978,502123,656
Odisha 3041,974,2181,399,141
Punjab 2327,743,3381,206,232
Rajasthan 5068,548,4371,370,969
Sikkim 6610,577101,763
Tamil Nadu 3872,147,0301,898,606
Telangana 3335,003,6741,060,717
Tripura 83,673,917459,240
Uttar Pradesh 75199,812,3412,664,165
Uttarakhand 1310,086,292775,869
West Bengal 2391,276,1153,042,537
Union Territory
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 3380,581126,860
Chandigarh 11,055,4501,055,450
Dadra Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu 3586,956195,652
Jammu and Kashmir 2012,258,093612,905
Ladakh 2290,492145,246
Lakshadweep 164,47364,473
Delhi 1116,787,9411,526,176
Puducherry 41,247,953311,988
Total7871,210,576,8561,538,217
Largest and Smallest Districts in India
Largest DistrictSmallest District
By Land Area Kutch district Mahe district
By Population North 24 Parganas district Dibang Valley district

Subdivisions

A sub-division is an administrative division of a district in India. In some states(Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala) they are called Revenue Divisions. [56] It is headed by a sub-divisional magistrate (also known as assistant collector or assistant commissioner). In some states, the post is designated as Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) or Sub-Divisional Officer (Civil). [57] [58] A district may have multiple sub-divisions, and each of those sub-divisions may contain multiple sub-districts (tehsils/C.D. Blocks) and municipalities. [59] For example, in West Bengal, the Murshidabad district contains five sub-divisions (mahakumas)

Subdistricts

In some instances, tehsils (sub-districts) overlap with "blocks" (panchayat union blocks or community development blocks) and come under the land and revenue department, headed by tehsildar; and blocks come under the rural development department, headed by the block development officer and serve different government administrative functions over the same or similar geographical area.

States use varying names for their sub-districts. Detailed information is as follows (as of 2018): [60]

State/ Union territorySubdistrict titleNo. of
subdistricts
Andhra Pradesh Mandal 679
Arunachal Pradesh Circle149
Assam Subdivision 155
Bihar Subdivision 101
Chhattisgarh Tehsil228
Goa Taluka 12
Gujarat Taluka 248 [61]
Haryana Tehsil 67
Himachal Pradesh Tehsil109
Jharkhand Subdivision210
Karnataka Taluk 240
Kerala Taluk 78
Madhya Pradesh Tehsil 412
Maharashtra Taluka 353
Manipur Subdivision38
Meghalaya Subdivision39
Mizoram Subdivision22
Nagaland Circle93
Odisha Tehsil485
Punjab Tehsil172
Rajasthan Tehsil 268
Sikkim Subdivision9
Tamil Nadu Taluk215 [62]
Telangana Mandal 612
Tripura Subdivision38
Uttar Pradesh Tehsil350
Uttarakhand Tehsil 113
West Bengal Subdivision 69
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Tehsil7
Chandigarh Tehsil1
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Tehsil3
Delhi Tehsil33
Jammu and Kashmir Tehsil55
Ladakh Tehsil4
Lakshadweep Subdivision4
Puducherry Tehsil8
Total6057

Urban level

Census of India (2011) states the following criteria in defining towns. They are:

Statutory towns

All areas under statutory urban administrative units like Municipal Corporation, #India, Cantonment Board, Notified Town Area Committee, Town Panchayat, etc., are known as Statutory Towns.

Census towns

Census towns are areas in India that have urban characteristics but are not defined as towns by state governments. They are governed by rural local bodies like gram panchayats, unlike statutory towns.

Rural level

Blocks

The Community Development Block also known as CD Block or just block, is often the next level of administrative division (for development purposes, whereas tehsil is next to the district for revenue purposes).

[64]

StateCD BlockNumber of
CD Blocks
Andaman and Nicobar Islands CD Block9
Andhra Pradesh Mandal 668
Arunachal Pradesh Block129
Assam Block239
Bihar Block 534
Chandigarh Block3
Chhattisgarh CD Block146
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu CD Block3
Delhi CD Block342
Goa CD Block12
Gujarat CD Block250
Haryana Block143
Himachal Pradesh CD Block88
Jammu and Kashmir CD Block287
Jharkhand Block264
Karnataka CD Block 235
Kerala Block 152
Ladakh CD Block31
Lakshadweep CD Block10
Madhya Pradesh CD Block313
Maharashtra CD Block 352
Manipur CD Block70
Meghalaya CD Block54
Mizoram CD Block28
Nagaland CD Block 74
Odisha CD Block314
Puducherry CD Block6
Punjab CD Block153
Rajasthan CD Block353
Sikkim CD Block33
Tamil Nadu Taluk 388
Telangana Mandal 594
Tripura CD Block58
Uttar Pradesh CD Block826
Uttarakhand CD Block 95
West Bengal CD Block345

Villages

Villages are often the lowest level of subdivisions in India. The governmental bodies at the village level are called Gram Panchayat, of which there were an estimated 256,000 in 2002. Each Gram Panchayat covers a large village or a cluster of smaller villages with a combined population exceeding 500 Gram Sabha. Clusters of villages are also sometimes called Hobli or Patti.

Habitations

Certain governmental functions and activities - including clean water availability, rural development, and education - are tracked at a sub-village level. [65] These hamlets are termed "habitations". India is composed of 1,714,556 habitations [66] In some states, most villages have a single habitation; in others (notably Kerala and Tripura) there is a high ratio of habitations to villages. [67]

Metropolitan area

A metro area usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighbourhoods, townships, cities, exurbs, suburbs, counties, districts, states, and even nations like the eurodistricts. As social, economic, and political institutions have changed, metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions. Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas, as well as satellite cities, towns, and intervening rural areas that are socio-economically tied to the urban core, typically measured by commuting patterns.

The metropolitan cities of India (more commonly called Tier-1 cities) are: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Pune.

Historical administrative divisions

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adilabad district</span> District of Telangana in India

Adilabad district is a district in the northern area of Telangana, India. It is known as the gateway district to South and Central India. The district's headquarters is the town of Adilabad.

A sub-division is an administrative division of a district in India. In some states(Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala) they are called Revenue Divisions. It is headed by a sub-divisional magistrate. In some states, the post is designated as Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) or Sub-Divisional Officer (Civil). A district may have multiple sub-divisions, and each of those sub-divisions may contain multiple sub-districts and municipalities. For example, in West Bengal, the Murshidabad district contains five sub-divisions (mahakumas)

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern Zonal Council</span> Zonal council in india

Southern Zonal Council is a zonal council that comprises the states and union territories of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jogulamba Gadwal district</span> District of Telangana in India

Jogulamba Gadwal district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. The administrative headquarters of the district is located at Gadwal. The district shares boundaries with Narayanpet, Wanaparthy districts and with the state boundary of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The district was carved out from Mahabubnagar district in 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)</span> Former state in India with Hyderabad as its capital

Andhra Pradesh, retrospectively referred to as United Andhra Pradesh, Undivided Andhra Pradesh, and Combined Andhra Pradesh, was a state in India formed by States Reorganisation Act, 1956 with Hyderabad as its capital and was reorganised by Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. The state was made up of three distinct cultural regions of Telangana, Rayalaseema, and Coastal Andhra. Before the 1956 reorganisation, Telangana had been part of Hyderabad State, whereas Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra had been part of Andhra State, formerly a part of Madras Presidency ruled by British India.

References

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