Census town

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In India and some other countries, a census town is designated as a town that satisfies certain characteristics.

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India

In India, a census town is one which is not statutorily notified and administered as a town, but nevertheless whose population has attained urban characteristics. [1] They are characterized by the following:

Examples of Indian census towns include Avinissery in Thrissur District of Kerala, Greater Noida and Chakeri in Uttar Pradesh, Indranagar in Tripura, Begampur, Chandpara, Nandigram, Chittaranjan and Beliatore in West Bengal, Chevella in Telangana, Amini in Lakshadweep, Deolali in Maharashtra, Ghatshila in Purbi Singhbhum District of Jharkhand, BGR Township (Bongaigaon Refinery Township) in Bongaigaon Urban Agglomeration of Assam, Pileru in Andhra Pradesh, Chikhli in Gujarat and Ichgam in Jammu and Kashmir.

Census 2011

The number of census towns (CTs) in India grew from 1,362 in 2001 to 3,894 in 2011. [4] As per Pradhan (2013), [5] these CTs account for 30% of the urban growth in the last decade. [6] Pradhan also notes that the largest increase in the number of CTs was in the states of West Bengal and Kerala.

Ministry of Urban Development Notification

The Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, in May 2016 asked the 28 states in India to take action to start the process of recognizing CTs as urban areas. [7] The argument given for this conversion was that a statutory Urban Local Body (ULB) is required to ensure planned development of these areas. In this notification, Rajiv Gauba, Secretary (Urban Development) notes:

The opportunity of planned urban development might get lost if unplanned construction and ad hoc provisioning of infrastructure is allowed to take place over a long time.

Additionally, the Ministry, in the notification, has informed the states that they stand to gain from according statutory status to these towns. With a greater number of statutory towns, the states would be able to get more money from the Centre as per the 14th Finance Commission Report. Additionally, under Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), 50% weightage is given to the number of statutory towns in the state/UT to determine the allocation of funds to these states/UTs.

Following this notification, Maharashtra state government converted 19 CTs in the state to statutory ULBs. [8] These 19 CTs are in close proximity to the town of Pune and this conversion is expected to lessen the infrastructure and population pressures on the town.

Ireland

According to Ireland's Central Statistics Office, a census town by definition was a "cluster of fifty or more occupied dwellings, not having a legally defined boundary, in which within a distance of 800 m there is a nucleus of either thirty occupied houses on both sides of the road or twenty occupied houses on one side of the Road". Census towns were distinct from municipal towns; the latter, which had legally defined boundaries and local government powers, were abolished by the Local Government Reform Act 2014. Census towns were replaced by built up areas in the 2022 census. [9]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maharashtra</span> State in western India

Maharashtra is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. It is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south, Telangana to the southeast and Chhattisgarh to the east, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh to the north, and the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu to the northwest. The state is the second-most populous state in India and the second-most populous country subdivision globally.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pune</span> Metropolis in Maharashtra, India

Pune, previously known as Poona, is a city in Maharashtra state in Deccan plateau in Western India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Pune district, and of Pune division. The city of Pune is part of Pune Metropolitan Region. Pune is one of the largest IT hubs in India. It is also one of the most important automobile and manufacturing hubs of India. Pune is often referred to as "Oxford of the East" because of highly regarded educational institutions in the city. It has been ranked "the most liveable city in India" several times. Pune Municipal Corporation area 484.61 sq km

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nashik</span> Metropolis in Maharashtra, India

Nashik is a city in the northern region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Situated on the banks of the river Godavari, Nashik is the fourth largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai, Pune and Nagpur. The district population of Nashik is around 80 lakhs. Nashik is located about 165 km north of the state capital Mumbai, and about 210 km from Pune. Mumbai - Pune - Nashik region is called the "Golden Triangle of Maharashtra". Nashik is a emerging fast growing city in India. With its high agricultural production Nashik is dubbed as Napa Valley of India. Nashik is well known for being one of the Hindu pilgrimage sites of the Kumbh Mela, which is held every 12 years. The city is called the "Wine Capital of India" as more than half of India's vineyards and wineries are located here. Around 90% of all Indian wine comes from the Nashik Valley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pimpri-Chinchwad</span> City in Maharashtra, India

Pimpri-Chinchwad, also known as PCMC, is a city in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The city is about 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of the historic city of Pune, at an altitude of 590 m (1,940 ft) above sea level. It is the fifth largest city in Maharashtra and the nineteenth largest city in India and the sixteenth largest satellite city in the world by population. The city is located 135 km (84 mi) southeast from the state's capital Mumbai. It is one of the most rapidly developing suburban areas in India and has emerged as the third fastest growing city in the country. It is well known for its automotive, IT and manufacturing industry.

The administrative divisions of India are subnational administrative units of India; they are composed of a nested hierarchy of administrative divisions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bogadi, Mysore</span> Census town in Mysore district in the state of Karnataka, India.

Bogadi is a town within the limits of the Mysore Urban Development Authority, and Mysuru metropolitan area in Mysore district, Karnataka.

Talegaon is a town on the outskirts of the city of Pune, India.

A nagar panchayat or Town Panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a Town Panchayat can vary from state to state.

Chakan is a census town in India, in Pune district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. While agriculture remains an important factor, the town's industrial development is quickly urbanizing the area. The Independent referred Chakan as India's "Motor City".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission</span> 2005–2014 city-modernisation scheme in India

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) was a massive city-modernization scheme launched by the Government of India under the Ministry of Urban Development. It envisaged a total investment of over $20 billion over seven years. It is named after Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. The aim is to encourage reforms and fast track planned development of identified cities. Focus is to be on efficiency in urban infrastructure and service delivery mechanisms, community participation, and accountability of ULBs/ Parastatal agencies towards citizens.

Local government. in Maharashtra State follows the general structure of Local Governance in India and is broadly classified into two categories: Urban Local Governance and Rural Local Governance.

Bihar is a state situated in Eastern India. It is surrounded by West Bengal to the east, Uttar Pradesh to the west, Jharkhand to the south and Nepal to the north.

Municipal or local governance refers to the third tier of governance in India, at the level of the municipality or urban local body.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pune Metropolitan Region</span> Metropolitan region in Maharashtra, India

Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR) is the metropolitan region around the city of Pune. According to practical purposes, PMR comprises two Municipal Corporations of PMC, PCMC and three Cantonment Boards, spread over an area of 7,256.46 km2. The population of the region as per 2011 census was 7,541,946.

The Nagpur metropolitan area or Greater Nagpur is a metropolitan area in Indian state of Maharashtra.

Urbanization in India began to accelerate after independence, due to the country's adoption of a mixed economy, which gave rise to the development of the private sector. The population residing in urban areas in India, according to the 1901 census, was 11.4%, increasing to 28.53% by the 2001 census, and is now currently 34% in 2017 according to the World Bank. According to a survey by the United Nations, in 2030 40.76% of country's population is expected to reside in urban areas. As per the World Bank, India, along with China, Indonesia, Nigeria, and the United States, will lead the world's urban population surge by 2050.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana</span> Housing initiative in India

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is an initiative by the Government of India in which affordable housing will be provided to the urban poor with a target of building 2 crore (20 million) affordable houses by 31 March 2022. It has two components: Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana(Urban) (PMAY-U) for the urban poor and Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (Gramin) (PMAY-G and also PMAY-R) for the rural poor, the former administered by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs and the latter by Ministry of Rural Development. This scheme converges with other schemes to ensure houses have a toilet, Saubhagya Scheme for universal electricity connection, Ujjwala Yojana LPG connection, access to drinking water and Jan Dhan banking facilities, etc.

References

  1. Ramachhandran, M. (13 February 2012). "Rescuing cities from chaos". The Hindu Business Line. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
  2. "Census of India: Some terms and definitions" (PDF). Census of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
  3. "New Census Towns Showcase New India Archived 4 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine ", Mint.
  4. "Census of India 2011 – Paper 2" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
  5. "Pradhan (2013)". 28 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  6. "Unacknowledged Urbanisation". Economic and Political Weekly. 48 (36). 5 June 2015. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  7. "States asked to convert 3,784 urban areas into statutory Urban Local Bodies". pib.nic.in. Archived from the original on 1 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  8. "19 new civic bodies to boost urbanization in Pune – Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  9. "Census 2022 Urban Boundaries and Built Up Areas". CSO . 21 June 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.