List of ports in India

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Map showing the location of airports and seaports in India

In India, ports are categorised into major ports and non-major ports (informally called minor ports). As of 2022, there are 13 major ports and 217 non-major ports across the country. Major ports are under the administrative control of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways of the Government of India, while non-major ports fall under the jurisdiction of State Maritime Boards of respective state governments—this also includes private ports running under the public–private partnership (PPP) model. Among the 217 non-major ports, cargo is handled only at 68 ports, others are used by fishing vessels and ferries. [1] India has a coastline of 7517 kilometres, forming one of the largest peninsulas in the world. According to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, around 95 percent of India's trading by volume and 70 percent by value is done through maritime transport. India's major ports handled highest ever cargo of 795 million tonne in FY23. [2]

Contents

Port Blair which was notified as major port in 2010 was removed later. The ports are spread across Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal. [3] Government of India plans to build new greenfield ports and also built associated infrastructure such as railway lines through the 2015 established Sagar Mala project, [4] and National Maritime Development Programme. [5]

Classification of ports

According to Constitution of India, maritime transport is to be administered by both the Central and the State governments. While the central government's shipping ministry administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased manner, a good proportion of them involving public–private partnership.

The maritime boards of state governments administer control of minor ports owned by state governments. In 2018–19, minor ports of Gujarat alone handled total 542 MMT of cargo. [6] Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022–23. [7]

Capacity

The capacity of Indian ports currently stands at 2,604.99 mtpa. [8] The container throughput of Indian ports stood at 17 million TEUs for the period 2020. [9]

Ship breaking

As of January 2020, India has 30% share of ship breaking with annual US$1.1 billion revenue. India is a signatory to Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships. India plans to pass the "Recycling of Ships Act, 2019" to ratify the Hong Kong treaty. This will allow India to capture its targeted 60% in the global ship breaking business while doubling the annual to US$2.3 billion target. [10] India's Alang-Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard is world's largest ships' graveyard. [10] Other ship graveyards in India is the Steel Industrials Kerala Limited breaking unit. [11]

Major ports

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Location of 12 major ports of India.

The port's under central Government of india are known as Major port and other ports in India are classified as minor ports.The following are the major ports of India: [12] [13]

No.NameEstb. YearImageArea(km^2)CityStateCargo handled in MTPA
(FY2022-23)
1 Chennai Port 1881 Port of Chennai, India - panoramio.jpg Chennai Tamil Nadu 51.88
2 Cochin Port 1928 Vallarpadam Container Terminal.JPG Kochi Kerala 37.34
3 Deendayal Port 1965 Port of Kandla.jpg 900.83km2 [14] Kandla Gujarat 129.10 [15]
4 Jawaharlal Nehru Port 1988 JNPT Port container handling.jpg 33.7 km2 Navi Mumbai Maharashtra 78.06
5 Kamarajar Port 2001 Ennore Tamil Nadu 11.08
6 Mormugao Port 1985

Goa-Vasco 03-2016 07 view to Mormugao Harbour.jpg

Mormugao Goa 19.5
7 Mumbai Port 1873 Mumbai Port Trust.JPG Mumbai Maharashtra 62.08
8 New Mangalore Port 1974 New Mangalore Port.jpg 8.22 km2 Mangaluru Karnataka 36.65
9 Paradip Port 1966 Paradip Port.jpg 25.44 km2 Paradeep Odisha 148.75 [16]
10 Kolkata Port Trust 1977 Loading iron ore in MV Kingfisher at Berth No. 14 of Haldia Dock Complex.jpg 25.77 km2 Haldia West Bengal 107.77
11 Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port 1870 A container ship barthed at Berth No. 3 of Netaji Subhas Dock, Port of Kolkata.jpg Kolkata West Bengal 66.4
12 Visakhapatnam Port 1933 Visakhapatnam seaport from Fishing harbour.jpg Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 67.43
13 V. O. Chidambaranar Port 1974 A view of Tuticorin Port.jpg 2.428 km2 Thoothukkudi Tamil Nadu 52.33

Non-major ports

Private ports

No.Name of the PortEstb. YearImageCityStateOwnership
1 Mundra Port 1998 Adani Mundra Port Kutch Gujarat.jpg Mundra Gujarat Adani Group
2 Karaikal Port 2009 Karaikal port.jpg Karaikal Puducherry Adani Group
3 JSW Jaigad Port 2006 Ratnagiri district Maharashtra JSW Group
4 Krishnapatnam Port 2008 Krishnapatnam port cranes unloadng a ship.jpg Krishnapatnam Andhra Pradesh Adani Group
5 JSW Dharamtar Port 2012 Alibag Maharastra JSW Group
6 Hazira Port 2013 Hazira Port 2017.jpg Hazira Gujarat Adani Group
7 Dighi Port 2000 Raigad district Maharashtra Adani Group
8 Dhamra Port 2011 Dhamra Port.jpg Bhadrak district Odisha Adani Group
9 Gopalpur port 2013 Gopalpur Port.jpg Chhatrapur Odisha Shapoorji Pallonji Group
10 Gangavaram Port 2009 INS-Vikramaditya-Berthing-at-Adani-Gangavaram-Port.jpg Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh Adani Group
11 Kattupalli Port 2012 Kattupalli Port Adani.jpg Kattupalli Tamil Nadu Adani Group
12 Dahej Port 2010 Bharuch district Gujarat Adani Group
13 Kakinada Port 1999 Far view of Kakinada port from Beach.jpg East Godavari Andhra Pradesh Aurobindo Group
14 Tuna Port 2022 [17] Tuna Gujarat Adani Group
15 Port Pipavav 2002 Berth portpipavav.JPG Pipavav Gujarat APM Terminals
16 Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram 2024 First Mother Ship MV San Fernando at Vizhinjam International Seaport.jpg Thiruvananthapuram Kerala Kerala Government & run by Adani Group

Unranked ports

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adani Ports & SEZ</span> Indian multinational port operator and logistics company

Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited (APSEZ) is an Indian multinational port operator and logistics company, part of Adani Group. APSEZ is India's largest private port operator with a network of 12 ports and terminals, including India's first port-based SEZ at Mundra and the first deep water transshipment port at Thiruvananthapuram.

Rewas(Rewas-Bodani or Revas) is one of 48 “minor” ports of Maharashtra located at Rewas Creek, near Karanja creek at mouth of the Patalganga River about 10 kilometres (6 mi) southward of Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT) and 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south-east of Mumbai Port. It is controlled by the state government through an agency known as the “Maharashtra Maritime Board”.

Karnataka's coastline called Karavali stretches 300 km between Mangalore in Dakshina Kannada district and Karwar in Uttara Kannada district. The coastline of Karnataka has been along the eastern shore of Arabian Sea. Karnataka has one major and ten minor ports in this coastal belt. Kali, Belekeri, Gangavali, Aghanashini Sharavathi, Sharabi, Kollur, Gangolli, Sitanadi, Gurpur and Netravati are the important rivers in this belt which empty into the Arabian sea. Sea erosion, migration of river mouths, siltation of ports and harbours are some of the problems common to this belt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways</span> Ministry of the Government of India

The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways is the Indian ministry responsible for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to ports, shipping and waterways. The minister is Sarbananda Sonowal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">V. O. Chidambaranar Port</span> Port in India

V. O. Chidambaranar Port is a port in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, and is one of the 12 major ports in India. It was declared to be a major port on 11 July 1974. It is the second largest port in Tamil Nadu and third largest container terminal in India. V.O. Chidambaranar Port is an artificial port. This is the third international port in Tamil Nadu and it is second all-weather port. All V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority's traffic handling has crossed 10 million tons from 1 April to 13 September 2008, registering a growth rate of 12.08 per cent, surpassing the corresponding previous year handling of 8.96 million tons. It has services to USA, China, Europe, Sri Lanka and Mediterranean countries. The Station Commander, Coast Guard Station Thoothukudi is located at V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority, Tamil Nadu under the operational and administrative control of the Commander, Coast Guard Region (East), Chennai. The Coast Guard Station V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority was commissioned on 25 April 1991 by Vice Admiral SW Lakhar, NM, VSM the then Director General Coast Guard. The Station Commander is responsible for Coast Guard operations in this area of jurisdiction in Gulf of Mannar. V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority Thoothukudi is an ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 and International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code compliant port.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram</span> Port under construction in Kerala, India

The Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram(English pronunciation:/vɪzɪnˈdʒamˌɪntərˈnæʃənlˈsiːpɔːtˌtɪrʊvənənˈtɑːpʊrəm/, VIZH-in-jam in-ter-NASH-uh-nuhl SEE-port thir-uh-vuh-nuh-thuh-PUR-uhm) is India's first deep water container transshipment port, currently under trial run from July 2024. Located in the city of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala,The port is often referred to as Thiruvananthapuram Port or Trivandrum Port to distinguish it from the nearby Vizhinjam Seaport, which falls under the jurisdiction of the Kerala Maritime Board. The port is designed to be a multi-purpose, all-weather, green port located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away from the Thiruvananthapuram International Airport. It is poised to become India's first automated port and holds a unique position as the only Indian port directly adjacent to an international shipping lane. The port's location offers a significant advantage: it lies just 10 nautical miles (19 km) from the heavily trafficked east-west shipping channel connecting Europe, the Persian Gulf, Southeast Asia, and the Far East. The port has natural depth 20 meters reducing the need for dredging. It possesses the capability to host world's massive cargo ships such as vessels of the ULCS container ships like the MSC Irina.The port is based on the design of Mundra Port's blueprint. The port is designed to accommodate large container ships, including those exceeding 24,000 TEU such as MSC Irina. The cruise berth under construction along the breakwater will be able to handle large cruise ships such as Icon of the seas. The Seaport's location offers an advantage as it is situated near an international shipping channel, facilitating connections to global trade routes. When fully commissioned, it is expected that the seaport may have the capacity to cater to 50 percent of the container transhipment needs of India that currently take place at Dubai, Colombo and Singapore. The first phase of the project amounts to 8,493 crore, and the remaining phases cost 20,000 crore making the total cost 28,493 crore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maharashtra Maritime Board</span> Governmental organisation of India

The Maharashtra Maritime Board is governmental organisation in the state of Maharashtra, India. The board is tasked with the administration of ports and harbours, conservancy, licensing of crafts, levying of fees, regulation and control of traffic. Maharashtra Maritime Board (MMB) came into existence in 1996 and Commissioner, Water Transport was re-designated as chief executive officer, MMB.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paradip Port</span> Port in India

Paradip Port is a natural, deep-water port on the East coast of India in Paradip, just 53 km (33 mi) from Jagatsinghpur city in Jagatsinghpur district of Odisha, India. It is at the confluence of the Mahanadi river and the Bay of Bengal, 210 nmi south of Kolkata and 260 nmi north of Visakhapatnam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mundra Port</span> Container port in India

Mundra Port is India's first private port, largest container port and largest commercial port, located on the northern shores of the Gulf of Kutch near Mundra, Kutch district, Gujarat. Formerly operated by Mundra Port and Special Economic Zone Limited (MPSEZ) owned by Adani Group, it was later expanded into Adani Ports & SEZ Limited (APSEZ) managing several ports. In FY 2020–21, Mundra Port handled 144.4 million tonnes of cargo. The port currently handles over 155 MT, which constitutes nearly 11 per cent of India’s maritime cargo. The port also handles nearly 33 per cent of India’s container traffic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kollam Port</span> Port in India

Kollam Port is one of the oldest ports situated 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) away from Downtown Kollam It is the second largest port in Kerala by volume of cargo handled and facilities and one of the four Kerala ports having immigration checkpoint (ICP) facility. Located on the south-west coast of India, it was an important port from the ninth to the seventeenth centuries. Kollam was one of the five Indian ports visited by Ibn Battuta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vijaydurg Port</span> Port in India

Vijaydurg Port is a natural harbour on the west coast of the district of Sindhudurg in Maharashtra, India. The port is situated midway between Malvan and Ratnagiri at the mouth of the Vijaydurg creek in Devgad taluka. Its coastal jurisdiction extends 10 km north up to the Jaitapur lighthouse. Goods weighing about 200 tons are generally loaded or unloaded at the port daily. The cargo brought by sea is transported by creek up to Kharepatan which is 26 miles up from Vijayadurg.

National Highway 66, commonly referred to as NH 66, is a mostly 4 lane 1640 km long busy National Highway that runs roughly north–south along the western coast of India, parallel to the Western Ghats. It connects Panvel, a city east of Mumbai (Bombay) to Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari) via Cochin (Kochi), passing through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sagar Mala project</span> Indian shipping infrastructure project

The Sagarmala Programme is an initiative by the Government of India to enhance the performance of the country's logistics sector. The programme envisages unlocking the potential of waterways and the coastline to minimize infrastructural investments required to meet these targets.

The National Shipping Board is an Advisory Body on matters related to shipping and shipping infrastructure (ports). As India gained its independence in 1947 shipping had become very important for the growth of India as the Shipping Laws were created by old British law it had to be revised and in 1958 when the Merchant Shipping Law was consolidated and the opportunity was taken to provide for the formation of a Permanent statutory body called the National Shipping Board. The National Shipping Board was established on 1 March 1959.The Body was established by a recommendation to the Reconstruction Policy Sub-Committee as early as 1947. It comes under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (India), it looks into matters related to Indian Shipping.The National Shipping Board members are elected/nominated by Parliament, Lok Sabha (lower house of parliament and Rajya Sabha. The National Maritime Agenda 2010-2020 is an initiative of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways & The National Shipping Board to outline the framework for the development of the port sector. The agenda also suggests policy-related initiatives to improve the operating efficiency and competitiveness of the Ports in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ports in Kerala</span> Transportation in the Indian state

The South Indian state of Kerala has a coastline of around 590 km. The state is home to a major port operated by Cochin Port Authority & DP World and owned by Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways under Government of India and other 19 non major ports including Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram, India's first and only deep water automatic transshipment port.In India the ports under central government is classified as Major Ports and other Ports are classified as non major Port

Water transport in India has played a significant role in the country's economy and is indispensable to foreign trade. India is endowed with an extensive network of waterways in the form of rivers, canals, backwaters, creeks and a long coastline accessible through the seas and oceans. It has the largest carrying capacity of any form of transport and is most suitable for carrying bulky goods over long distances.

Mormugao Port is a port on the western coast of India, in the coastal state of Goa. Commissioned in 1885 on the site of a natural harbour, it is one of India's oldest ports. The port employs around 2,600 employees and has about 4,000 pensioners.

Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB) is a government agency of the Government of Gujarat, a state of India. It was founded in 1982 to control, manage and operate the minor ports of Gujarat.

Keni Port is a proposed deep-sea port at Keni village in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. The Karnataka Maritime Board signed an agreement with JSW Infrastructure in November 2023 to build the port. It is estimated that the port will be constructed at a cost of more than ₹4 thousand crore.

References

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  3. "MoS, GoI". Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2019.
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  6. Media, Gateway (5 April 2019). "GMB ports handle 400 mmt of cargo in 2018-19". Maritime Gateway. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  7. "Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022-23 - ET Infra".
  8. Rajan, Jessica (28 July 2023). "Cargo handling capacity of ports to rise in 2024". The Economic Times.
  9. "Maritime India Vision (MIV) 2030 estimates investments of Rs. 1,00,000–1,25,000 crore for capacity augmentation and development of world-class infrastructure at Indian Ports".
  10. 1 2 India eyes 60 per cent share of global ship recycling business; higher GDP contribution, Economic Times, 30 December 2019.
  11. Sucheth, P R (26 May 2014). "Locals up in Arms against SILK Ship-breaking Unit". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  12. "Cargo handling capacity of Major Ports of the country has gone up to 1617.39 Million Tonnes Per Annum (MTPA) as on March 2023". Pib.gov.in. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  13. "Operational Details". Indian Ports Association. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  14. https://sagarmala.gov.in/sites/default/files/5.Final_Master_Plan_Kandla.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
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  17. "Union Cabinet decision: Kutch to get 2 new port terminals at Rs 5,963 crore". 13 October 2022.