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The FM broadcasting in India began in 1977, but boomed after 2001 when the privatisation of FM broadcasting began. AIR's FM LRS ( Local Radio Station ) was inaugurated on 1 July 2000 at 06:00 hours in Kodaikanal relaying Madurai programs in the frequency 100.5 MHz. 100.5 was so popular that LRS was upgraded to an FM Channel in just two months. The channel covered a radius of about 200km due to its location at 2200 meters above MSL at Kodaikanal. KODAI FM is popularly known as it is the biggest individual FM channel in India, in both area coverage and listenership.
As of December 2018, there are more than 369 operational private radio stations in more than 101 cities and towns across India. [1] The Government of India-owned All India Radio which has about 470 FM stations covering 92% of the area and 99.19% of the population of India.AIR originates programming in 23 languages and 179 dialects. [2] [3]
FM broadcasting began on 23 July 1977 in Chennai, then Madras, and was expanded during the 1990s, nearly 50 years after it mushroomed in the US. [4] The country first experimented with private FM broadcasts in the small tourist destination of Goa and the large metropolitan areas of Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai. These were followed by private stations in Bangalore, Hyderabad, Jaipur and Lucknow.
Until 1993, All India Radio, a government undertaking, was the only radio broadcaster in India. The government then decided to privatise the radio broadcasting sector.[ citation needed ] It sold airtime blocks on its FM channels in Indore, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Vizag and Goa to private operators, who developed their own program content. The Times Group operated its brand, Times FM, till June 1998. After that, the government decided not to renew contracts given to private operators. Instead, in 2000, the government announced the auction of 108 FM frequencies across India, opening up the FM broadcasting industry to private competition.
Radio City Bangalore, started on July 3, 2001, is India's first private FM radio station. [5] It launched with presenters such as Vera, Rohit Barker, Seetal Iyer, Jonzie Kurian, Geeta Modgil, Suresh Venkat, and Chaitanya Hegde and Priya Ganapathy on the weekends. [6] The Times Group rebranded their radio operations, establishing the Radio Mirchi brand. The first Radio Mirchi station began broadcasting on October 4, 2001 in Indore.
Indian policy currently states that these broadcasters are assessed a one-time entry fee (OTEF), for a license period of 10 years. Under the Indian accounting system, this amount is amortised over the 10-year period at 10% per annum. The annual license fee for private broadcasters is either 4% of revenue share or 10% of reserve price, whichever is higher.
India's earlier attempts to privatise its FM channels ran into rough weather when private players bid heavily and most could not meet their commitments to pay the government the amounts they owed.[ citation needed ]
Nationally, many of the current FM broadcasters, including the Times of India, Hindustan Times, Mid-Day, and BBC are established media institutions in the country, and are making a strong pitch for news on FM, which is currently limited to nationalised stations only. Private FM stations are allowed to rebroadcast news from All India Radio, as long as they do so without any changes or additions. [7] The Supreme Court of India on 17 October 2013 issued a public interest litigation to the central government requesting that the rules should be changed to allow FM stations to broadcast news reports. [8]
This section needs to be updated.(December 2018) |
Name | Frequency | Language |
---|---|---|
Radio Jamia (see Jamia Millia Islamia ) | 90.4 MHz | Multilingual |
RADIO 7 | 90.4 MHZ | Hindi |
Delhi University Community Radio | 90.4 MHz | Multilingual |
Radio SD 90.8 | 90.8 MHz | Hindi |
Radio City | 91.1 MHz | Multilingual |
Big FM | 92.7 MHz | Multilingual |
Red FM | 93.5 MHz | Multilingual |
MY Fm | 94.3Mhz | Hindi |
Radio One | 94.3 MHz | Hindi English |
Hit95 FM | 95.0 MHz | Hindi |
Apna Radio ( Indian Institute of Mass Communication ) | 96.9 MHz | Multilingual |
Radio Mirchi | 98.3 MHz | Multilingual |
AIR FM Gold | 100.1 MHz | Multilingual |
FM Rainbow Lucknow | 100.7 MHZ | Hindi |
All India Radio JAIPUR | 101.2 MHZ | Hindi |
Amit Bharti | 101.6 Mhz | Hindi |
AIR FM Rainbow | 102.6 MHz | Hindi |
AIR AlWAR | 103.1MHZ | Hindi |
Fever 104 | 104.0 MHz | Hindi |
104.8 Ishq | 104.8 MHz | Hindi |
Gyan Vani | 105.6 MHz | Hindi |
Vividh Bharti ( All India Radio ) | 106.4 MHz | Hindi |
Radio Nasha | 107.2 MHz | Hindi |
Sawai Madhopur FM | 101.5 MHz | Hindi |
Noida FM | 107.4 MHz | Hindi |
Gurgaon Ki Awaz | 107.8 MHz | Hindi |
Name | Frequency | Language |
---|---|---|
Bol 90.4 FM | 90.4 | Multilingual |
Radio City | 91.1 | Telugu |
Big 92.7 FM (Just for fun):) . (: | 92.7 | Telugu/Hindi |
Red FM | 93.5 | Telugu |
Fever Fm | 94.3 | Hindi |
Mirchi 95 | 95 | Hindi |
Radio Mirchi | 98.3 | Telugu |
All India Radio (AIR / AIR / Twin Cities FM Rainbow) | 143.3 | Telugu |
All India Radio (AIR / AIR / Vvd Bharti) | 102.8 | Hindi |
Kool 104 | 104 | English |
Gyan Vani | 105.6 | Hindi |
Magic Fm | 106.4 | Telugu |
Radio Charminar | 107.8 | Telugu/Hindi |
Deccan Radio | 107.8 | Hindi |
Source: [9]
Traditionally, radio accounts for 7% to 8% of advertiser expenditures around the world. In India, it is less than 2% at present.[ citation needed ]
The ministry of broadcasting in India is setting up more (86) FM Radio to all parts of India by March 2017. [15]
List of FM Stations in Jaipur:
In FM Phase II — the latest round of the long-delayed opening up of private FM in India — some 338 frequencies were offered of which about 237 were sold.[ citation needed ]
All India Radio (AIR) aka Akashvani, is an Indian state-owned public radio broadcaster founded by the Government of India, owned by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and one of Prasar Bharati's two divisions. It was established in 1936. It is the sister service of Prasar Bharati's Doordarshan, an Indian television broadcaster. Headquartered in the Akashvani Bhavan building in New Delhi, it houses the Drama Section, the FM Section, and the National Service, and is also home to the Indian television station Doordarshan Kendra, (Delhi).
Radio Mirchi, also known as 98.3 Mirchi, is a nationwide network of private FM radio stations in India. It is owned by the EntertainmentNetwork India Ltd (ENIL), which is one of the subsidiaries of The Times Group. The tagline of Radio Mirchi is "Mirchi Sunnewaale Always Khush!". It is the first privately owned radio station in India.
Red FM is an Indian FM radio network headquartered in Chennai and owned by Chennai-based Sun Group. The network broadcasts content in various Indian languages including Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam. On 14 August 2009, Suryan FM 93.5 was rebranded to RED FM in 64 cities across India. Thus, Sun Group's FM service came to be known with brand name RED FM across India except Tamil Nadu.
AIR FM Rainbow is a group of FM radio channels across India. The group of stations was previously called FM Metro, but the name was changed to FM Rainbow in 2002. The group is run by All India Radio, or AIR, a government owned enterprise. It features Hindi and regional language songs, while also playing English music and providing hourly news in English, regional language and/or Hindi. In Bhopal, FM Rainbow broadcasts in Hindi to more than 12 districts of Madhya Pradesh and 21 Bhopal City suburbs. AIR FM Rainbow Delhi airs in as many as ten cities, more than any of the other FM Rainbow frequencies. Mumbai, Lucknow, Vizag, Hyderabad, Vijayawada, Kakinada, Kochi and Bangalore all receive FM Rainbow transmissions on a variety of frequencies.
Ernakulam is the central business district of the city of Kochi, Kerala, India. It is the namesake of Ernakulam district. The eastern part of Kochi city is mainly known as Ernakulam, while the western part of it after the Venduruthy Bridge is called as Western Kochi. Many major establishments, including the Kerala High Court, the office of the Kochi Municipal Corporation and the Cochin Shipyard are situated in Ernakulam. It is also the most urbanized area in the city of Kochi.
Dubai is a media hub for the Middle East region and is home to many television and radio channels.
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Media in Kerala, India are widely accessible and cater to a wide variety of audiences. Kerala has the highest media exposure in India with newspapers publishing in nine languages, mainly English and Malayalam.
Club FM is a private FM radio station for the state of Kerala in India, operated by the Mathrubhumi newspaper in Kerala, specialising in popular music throughout the day. It received three RAPA awards in 2007, instituted by the Radio and TV Advertising Practitioners Association of India to honour exceptional work in radio and television. The station transmits 24/7 entertainment, songs and public awareness information. The frequency for the stations in three cities – Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, and Kannur – is 94.3 MHz. At Kozhikode, Thrissur, and Alappuzha, the frequency is 104.8 MHz.
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Telugu-language radio was first broadcast from AIR Chennai, Egmore on 16 June 1938 at 8:15 pm when the Madras state Prime Minister Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu and Chief Minister C. Rajagopalachari delivered inaugural speeches. In 1933 a 200 W radio station started by postal employee Mahbub Ali had gone on-air from Hyderabad, but in 1935 the Nizam of Hyderabad took control of it, and most programs were broadcast in Urdu. In July 1939 it was renamed as Deccan Radio, and on 1 April 1950 the Government of India took control from the Nizam and operated it as Akashavani. AIR Vijayawada started on 1 December 1948.
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