This article deals with the system of transport in Bihar, both public and private.
Contents
- Road transport
- Expressways
- National Highways
- State Highways
- Rail transport
- Urban Rail
- Water transport
- Air transport
- See also
- References
This article deals with the system of transport in Bihar, both public and private.
Bihar has national highways with total length of 5,358 km (3,329 mi) [1] and state highways with total length of 4,006 km (2,489 mi). [2] Also. Bihar has 921 km (572 mi) of proposed Expressways. [3]
The state is being equipped with more sustainable energy sources, CNG filling stations are being put up in different cities.
To manage overall road transport facilities in the state, Bihar State Road Transport Corporation (BSRTC) was set up in 1959 under the provisions of Road Transport Corporation Act, 1950.
BSRTC operates and maintains a fleet of more than 300 buses connecting all cities and towns within state of Bihar and neighboring states too. BSRTC not only connects every nook and corner of the state but also links this state with other surrounding regions including Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal and Odisha. However, contract for operation and maintenance of the buses has been given to two private companies viz. GIPL and Royal Cruiser. This contract is based upon public-private partnership (PPP) [4]
Listed horizontal (west to east) expressways first, followed by vertical (north to south) & diagonal expressways.
| Name | States | Total Length (km/mi) | Length Bihar (km/mi) | Cost (₹cr) | Type | Status | Direction | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gorakhpur-Siliguri Expressway [5] [6] | Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal | 519 km (322.5 mi) | 32,000 | Greenfield | Under- Survey | NW to NE | ||
| Outer Ring Road, Patna | Bihar | 140 km (87 mi) | 140 km (87 mi) | Greenfield | Under-construction | W to E | ||
| Loknayak Ganga Path, Patna | Bihar | 39.5 km (24.5 mi) | 39.5 km (24.5 mi) | 3,160 | Greenfield | Under-construction phase 2 | W to E | Riverfront project within Patna. |
| Buxar-Bhagalpur Expressway [5] (Sasram-Patna Expressway) [6] | Bihar | 308 km (191.4 mi) | 308 km (191.4 mi) | Mixed | Under- Survey | W to E | From UP border to WB border through central Bihar along Ganga river. Includes Sasram-Patna Expressway, 118 km, ₹4,000). [6] | |
| Varanasi–Ranchi–Kolkata Expressway [6] | Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal | 686 km (426 mi) | 24,275 | Greenfield | Under-construction | W to SE | Via South West Bihar to Kolkatta. | |
| Dumaria Ghat-Bakarpur Expressway (Gorakhpur-Patna Expressway) [6] | Bihar | 73 km (45 mi) | 73 km (45 mi) | 1,543 | Greenfield | DPR | NW to C | Connects to Gorakhpur via NH-27 & NH-28. |
| Patna-Kolkata Expressway [7] | Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal | 450 km (280 mi) | Greenfield | DPR | NW to SW | To be taken up in Bharatmala-II. | ||
| Raxaul-Haldia Expressway [6] | Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal | 695 km (432 mi) | 54,000 | Greenfield | DPR | NW to SW | ||
| Darbhanga-Aurangabad Expressway (Amas-Darbhanga Expressway) [8] [6] | Bihar | 199 km (123.7 mi) | 199 km (123.7 mi) | 2,927 | Greenfield | Under-construction | C to SW | Central Bihar to South West Bihar. |
| Number | Length (km) | Length (mi) | Southern or western terminus | Northern or eastern terminus | Formed | Removed | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 NH 19GQ | 206.0 | 128.0 | Uttar Pradesh, Mohania, Aurangabad, Dobhi-Jharkhand | — | — | |||
 NH 20 | 107.7 | 66.9 | Junction with NH-31 near Bakhtiyarpur - Bihar Sharif, Nawada, Rajauli -Jharkhand | — | — | |||
 NH 22 | 282.3 | 175.4 | Sonbarsa (Indo/Nepal Border), Sitamarhi, Muzaffarpur, Hajipur, Patna, Punpun, Gaya, Bodh Gaya, Dobhi - Jharkhand. | — | — | |||
 NH 27EW | 487.0 | 302.6 | Uttar Pradesh Gopalganj, Pipra Kothi, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, Forbesganj, Araria, Purnia, in the State of BiharWest Bengal | — | — | |||
 NH 31 | 415.0 | 257.9 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-27 near Unnao connecting Lalganj, Raebareli, Salon, Pratapgarh, Machhlishahr, Jaunpur, Varanasi, Ghazipur, Ballia in the State of Uttar Pradesh Chhapra, Hajipur, Bakhtiyarpur, Mokama, Begusarai, Khagaria, Bihpur, Kora, Katihar in the State of Bihar, Harishchanderpur and terminating at its junction with NH-12 near Pandua in the State of West Bengal. | — | — | |||
 NH 33 | 332.0 | 206.3 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-139 from Arwal connecting Jahanabad, Bandhuganj, Ekangarsarai, Biharsharif, Mokama, Luckeesarai, Munger, Bhagalpur, Kahalgaon in the State of Bihar, Sahibganj, Rajmahal, Barharwa in the State of Jharkhand and terminating at its junction with NH-12 near Farakka in the State of West Bengal. | — | — | |||
 NH 119 | 93.0 | 57.8 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-19 near Dehri connecting Akbarpur, Jadunathpur and terminating at Bihar/UP Border near Jadunathpur in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 120 | 244.0 | 151.6 | Junction with NH-20 near Bihar Sharif connecting Nalanda, Rajgir, Hisua, Gaya, Daudnagar, Nasriganj, Karakat, dawath, Nawanagar, and terminating at its junction with NH-922 near Dumraon | — | — | |||
 NH 122 | 110.0 | 68.4 | Junction with NH-22 near Muzaffarpur - Dholi, Mushrigharari - junction with NH-31 near Barauni | — | — | |||
 NH 122A | 31.8 | 19.8 | Vishwanathpur Chowk on NH-22 - Koili, a- Nanpur on NH-527C | — | — | |||
 NH 131 | 136.0 | 84.5 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-31 near Bihpur connecting Kishanganj, Madhepura and terminating at Birpur in the State of Bihar near Indo/Nepal Border. | — | — | |||
 NH 131A | 81.2 | 50.5 | West Bengal- Ahmedabad, Manihari, Katihar on NH-31 - Purnia on NH-27 | — | — | |||
 NH 133 | 10.9 | 6.8 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-33 in the state of Bihar connecting Godda and terminating at Choupa More on NH-114A in the state of Jharkhand. | — | — | |||
 NH 133B | 5.0 | 3.1 | Jharkhand Border- Manihar (NH-31) | — | — | |||
 NH 139 | 153.6 | 95.4 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-39 near Rajhara connecting Chhatarpur, Hariharganj in the State of Jharkhand, Aurangabad, Daudnagar, Arwal, Naubatpur and terminating at its junction with NH-31 near Patna in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 219 | 46.8 | 29.1 | The highway starting from its junction with new NH No. 19 near Mohania connecting Bhabhua, Chainpur, Chand in the State of Bihar and terminating at its junction with NH-19 near Chandauli in the state of Uttar Pradesh | — | — | |||
 NH 227 | 215.0 | 133.6 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-27 near Chakia connecting Narhar, Pakri Bridge, Madhuban, Shivhar, Sitamarhi, Harlakhi, Umgaon, Jaynagar, Laukaha, Laukahi and terminating at its junction with NH-27 near Narahia in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 227A | 137.0 | 85.1 | Up / Bihar Border - Siwan - Mashrakh - Chakia | — | — | |||
 NH 227F | 36.3 | 22.6 | The highway starting from its junction with NH- 227 near Chakia (Chorma chowk) connecting Pakridayal, Dhaka, Phulwaria Ghat and terminating at Bairgania in the state of Bihar near Indo / Nepal Border. | — | — | |||
 NH 227J | 30.0 | 18.6 | The highway starting from its junction with NH- 227 near Saharghat connecting Uchhait, Benipatti and terminating at its junction with NH- 527B near Rahika in the state of Bihar | — | — | |||
 NH 227L | 20.4 | 12.7 | The highway starting from its junction with NH- 227 near Umagaon connecting Basopatti and terminating at its junction with NH- 527B near Kalnahi in the state of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 231 | 209.0 | 129.9 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-31 near Maheshkund in the State of Bihar connecting Sonbarsa Raj, Simri Bakhtiyarpur, Saharsa, Madhepura, Sarsi, Purnia and terminating at its junction with NH-31 near Kora in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 319 | 125.0 | 77.7 | Junction with NH-19 near Mohania - Dinara, Charpokhari, a- junction with NH-922 near Ara | — | — | |||
 NH 322 | 58.0 | 36.0 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-22 near Hazipur and terminating at its junction with NH-122 near Mushrigharari in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 327 | 233.5 | 145.1 | The highway starting from Galgalia on N.H-327 (W.B/Bihar) Thakurganj, Raniganj, Bahadurganj, Araria, Bhargama, Tribeniganj, Pipra, Supaul, (Bariyahi Bazar)Bangaon and terminating at Maheshi (Tarapeeth) in the state of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 327A | 25.0 | 15.5 | The highway starting from Supaul on NH-327 and terminating at Bhaptiahi on NH-27 in the state of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 331 | 65.0 | 40.4 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-31 near Chhapra connecting Baniapur, and terminating at its junction with NH-27 near Muhumadpur the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 333 | 141.2 | 87.7 | The highway starting from Bariyarpur on NH-33 connecting Kharagpur, Laxmipur, Jamui, Chakai in the state of Bihar-Jharkhand | — | — | |||
 NH 333A | 198.9 | 123.6 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-33 near Bar Bigha connecting Shekhpura, Sikandra, Jamui, Jha-Jha, Banka in the State of Bihar and terminating at its junction with NH-133 near Godda in the State of Jharkhand. | — | — | |||
 NH 333B | 17.7 | 11.0 | The highway starting from its junction with NH33 at Munger and terminating at its junction with NH No-31 at Khagaria in the state of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 431 | 69.0 | 42.9 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-31 near Phatuha connecting Chandi, Harnaut and terminating at its junction with NH-31 near Barh in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 527 | 9.3 | 5.8 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-27 near Forbesganj and terminating at Jogbani in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 527A | 75.3 | 46.8 | The highway starting from its junction with new NH No.527 B near Pokhrauni Chowk connecting Madhubani, Rampatti, Jhanjharpur, Samey Chowk, Awam, Laufa, Bheja, Bakaur and terminating at its junction with NH No. 327 near Parsarma in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 527B | 53.8 | 33.4 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-27 near Darbhanga connecting Aunsi and terminating at its junction with NH-227 near Jaynagar in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 527C | 64.2 | 39.9 | The highway starting from Majhauli on NH-27 connecting Katra, Jajuar, Pupri and terminating at Charout on NH-227 in the state of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 527D | 67.2 | 41.8 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-27 near Piprakothi connecting Sagauli, Raxaul, in the State of Bihar and terminating at Indo/Nepal Border. | — | — | |||
 NH 531 | 95.0 | 59.0 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-31 near Chhapra, Siwan and terminating at its junction with NH-27 near Gopalganj in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 722 | 75.0 | 46.6 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-22 near Muzaffarpur connecting Rewaghat and terminating at its junction with NH-31 near Chhapra in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 727 | 112.0 | 69.6 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-27 near Kushinagar in the State of Uttar Pradesh connecting Chhitanuni Rail-cum-Road Bridge, Bagaha, Lauriya, Bettiah and terminating at its junction with NH-527 D near Chhapwa in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 727A | 4.5 | 2.8 | Uttar Pradesh and terminating at its junction with NH 227A near Mairwa | — | — | |||
 NH 727AA | 13.0 | 8.1 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-727 near Manuapul connecting Patzirwa, Paknaha in the state of Bihar, Pipraghat and terminating at its junction with NH-730 near Sevrahi in the state of Uttar Pradesh. | — | — | |||
 NH 922 | 138.0 | 85.7 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-22 near Patna connecting Ara, Bhojpur and terminating near Buxar in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
The railway network in Bihar is excellent and provides first-rate citizen centric railway services to the people. Most of the cities have a railway junction that facilitates railway travel across the state. You can easily travel from one part of the state to the other by trains.
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Bihar is connected by National Waterways No. 1 which established in October 1986. This National Waterways has fixed terminals at Haldia, BISN (Kolkata), Pakur, Farrakka and Patna. This National Waterways has also floating terminals facilities at Haldia, Kolkata, Diamond Harbour, Katwa, Tribeni, Baharampur, Jangipur, Bhagalpur, Semaria, Doriganj, Ballia, Ghazipur, Varanasi, Chunar and Allahabad.
Patna airport is well connected to cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bangalore and many other cities in India. It is categorized as a restricted international airport, with customs facilities to receive international chartered flights. Gaya Airport, is Bihar's only international airport and offers seasonal flights that connect the city to Thailand, Bhutan, and Myanmar. Airlines like IndiGo, SpiceJet, Air India, and Vistara connect various airports in Bihar to cities across India. Darbhanga Airport is another domestic airport in Bihar which is connected with various cities across India. The Darbhanga Airport was built as civil enclave.
| City served | Airport name | ICAO | IATA | Category | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bihta | Bihta Air Force Station | — | — | Defence | Air base |
| Bhagalpur | Bhagalpur Airport | — | — | Domestic | No scheduled flights |
| Darbhanga | Darbhanga Airport | VE89 [9] | DBR | Domestic | Civil enclave |
| Gaya | Gaya Airport | VEGY | GAY | Customs [GAY] | Commercial |
| Jogbani | Jogbani Airport | — | — | Domestic | Closed |
| Munger | Munger Airport | — | — | Domestic | No scheduled flights |
| Muzaffarpur | Muzaffarpur Airport | VEMZ | MZU | Domestic | No scheduled flights |
| Patna | Jay Prakash Narayan Airport | VEPT | PAT | Customs [PAT] | Commercial |
| Purnea | Purnea Airport | VEPU [10] | — | Defence | Air base |
| Raxaul | Raxaul Airport | VERL | — | Domestic | Closed |
Sitamarhi is an Indian city in the Mithila region of Bihar. It is the district headquarters of the Sitamarhi district in Tirhut Division. The city was named in honour of the goddess Sita, who was born in Sitamarhi in Hinduism.
Darbhanga is the fifth largest city and municipal corporation in the state of Bihar in India, and is considered an important city in North Bihar. It serves as the headquarters of the Darbhanga district and the Darbhanga division. It is held that the name Darbhanga has been derived from Dwar Banga or Dari – Banga, meaning the 'door of Bengal'.
Gaya is a city, municipal corporation and the administrative headquarters of Gaya district and Magadh division of the Indian state of Bihar. Gaya is 116 kilometres (72 mi) south of Patna and is the state's second-largest city, with a population of 470,839. The city is surrounded on three sides by small, rocky hills, with the Phalgu River on its eastern side.
Pawapuri, or Pavapuri, is a holy site for Jains located in the Nalanda district of Bihar state in eastern India. It is located about 19 kilometres from Rajgir and 101 kilometres from Patna, the capital of Bihar. Pawapuri is Mahavira's nirvana and a pilgrimage site for Jains.
Munger, formerly spelt as Monghyr, is a twin city and a Municipal Corporation situated in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the administrative headquarters of Munger district and Munger Division. Munger was one of the major cities in Eastern India and undivided Bengal during Mughal period and British Raj. It is one of the major political, cultural, educational and commercial center of Bihar and Eastern India. Munger is situated about 180km from east of capital city Patna, about 480km west of Eastern India's largest city Kolkata and 1200km from country's capital New Delhi.
Saharsa is a city and municipal corporation in the Saharsa District in the eastern part of the state of Bihar, India. It is situated near the eastern banks of the Kosi River. It serves as the administrative headquarters for the Saharsa District and is also the Divisional headquarters of the Kosi Division.
Birpur is a city and a notified area in Supaul district in the state of Bihar, India. It is a small town on the Indo-Nepal border near the historic Koshi Barrage on the Koshi River. It has an airstrip, which is being modernised and later on will be utilized for commercial as well defence use. It had been made when first prime minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru had landed here to lay the foundation stone of Koshi Barrage. There has been a new helipad constructed next to the airstrip for multi purpose use.
Kolkata the Capital of the Indian state of West Bengal has a good transportation system. Kolkata's transport system is diverse, with a mix of modern and traditional modes of transport catering to the city's large population.
Forbesganj is a city with municipality in the Araria District in the state of Bihar, India, situated at the border of Nepal.
Raxaul is a sub-divisional town in the East Champaran district of the Indian state of Bihar. It is situated at the India-Nepal border with Birgunj city (Nepal). Raxaul is a major railway junction.
Warisaliganj is a Community Development block and a Municipal Council in Nawada district in the Indian state of Bihar.
Kudra, formerly known as Jahanabad, is a town and corresponding community development block in Kaimur district in the state of Bihar, India. It is the third largest town in Kaimur district. It is situated about 18 km from District Headquarter Bhabua. As of 2011, the population of Kudra was 30986. The railway station in Kudra is connected to all major railway routes.
Expressways are the highest class of roads in India. In July 2023, the total length of expressways in India was 5,930 km (3,680 mi), with 11,127.69 km (6,914.43 mi) under construction. These are controlled-access highways designed for high vehicular movement with speed limit of 120 km/h and entrance and exits are controlled by grade separated system interchanges whereas National highways are flyover access or tolled, where entrance and exit are done by service interchanges, flyovers are provided to bypass the city/town/village traffic and these highways are designed for speed of 100 km/h. Some roads are declared as expressways by their respective State Governments but not by the Government of India, such as Bagodara–Tarapur Expressway, Biju Expressway etc.
Darbhanga Junction railway station, station code DBG, is an A1 Category railway station serving the city of Darbhanga, in the Indian state of Bihar. It holds a pivotal place in the East Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways, serving as a major railway hub with historical significance. The station has 1,676 mm broad gauge line along with 8 tracks and 6 platforms. Established in the early 20th century, the station has long been a key connector in the region’s transportation network. It operates on important lines such as the East Coast Railway Zone’s tracks, the Madhubani–Darbhanga line, and the Saharsa–Darbhanga line. Historically, it has been crucial for linking Darbhanga with significant cities like Delhi, Patna, and Kolkata, facilitating the movement of passengers and goods. The station has supported various services, including passenger trains and express trains like the Satyagrah Express and Mithila Express, contributing to the socio-economic development of the region. Its historical role in trade and commerce, along with its position as a gateway to educational and healthcare institutions, underscores its enduring importance. Over the years, Darbhanga Junction has seen several upgrades and modernization efforts aimed at improving facilities and operational efficiency, reflecting its continued relevance in the regional and national transportation landscape.
Nayagaon is a semi-urban area in Sonpur Block in Saran in Bihar, India. Nayagaon is part of Sonpur and Saran. New townships are being built in Nayagaon, N G Town by Phenomenal Projects Pvt., The Sai Green Mega Township Project by TCW Realty under Greater Patna Project, Natural City by Bold India Infra Private Limited Devkripa Green city Shital Green City Project Of Shital Buildtech Pvt Ltd, Kazari infra tech pvt ltd, Rav Residency and Aryavart Group. The distance of Nayagaon to Patna(Patliputra) has been reduced from earlier 45 km to 15 km due to Digha–Sonpur rail–road bridge. Nayagaon is located on NH 19, Nayagaon Sarai. Nayagaon is located at Mouza/Mauja Rasulpur. It is located along river Ganges. It is also near the under construction Hajipur-Chhapra-Ghazipur four-lane Highway. The distance to AIIMS Patna in Phulwari Sharif is also reduced due to Digha-AIIMS elevated highway. Census code of Nayagaon is 234491. A power sub-station became functional in Nayagaon under Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana in August 2020. An ITI is also planned in Nayagaon. Nayagaon is 12 km from Rail Wheel Plant, Bela, Dariapur Block in Saran. A stadium is being constructed at the cost of Rs 55 lakhs in the sports ground of Gogal Singh Intermediate College, Nayagaon. An inter-modal terminal at Kalughat, Nayagaon is being constructed as part of National Waterway 1 under the government's Jal Marg Vikas project.
Chhatwan is a village in Keotiranway Tehsil, Darbhanga District, Bihar, India.
Total length of road in West Bengal is 92,023 kilometers. Among these national highway are 2,377 kilometers, and state highway 2,393 kilometers. The road density of the state is 103.69 kilometers per 100 square kilometers ; the national density is 74.7 kilometers per 100 square kilometers. The average speed of the road in the state is between 40 and 50 kilometers/hour. The speed in the village and urban areas is between 20 and 25 kilometers/hour. This is the main reason the road is low and lack of maintenance. The total length of the railway line in the state is 3,825 kilometers. Indian Railways' Eastern Railway zone and South Eastern Railway zone Headquarter are located in Kolkata. The railways on the north side of the state Under the Northeast Frontier Railway. Kolkata Metro is India's first underground metro rail service. The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, part of the Northeast Frontier Railway, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Darbhanga Airport is a domestic airport and an Indian Air Force Station, serving Darbhanga, Bihar, India. It is located just at the outskirts of the city near the NH-527B and NH-57 highways, which passes through Darbhanga. The airport is operated by the Airports Authority of India (AAI). The foundation stone for the airport was laid by the then Chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar, and the then Civil Aviation Minister, Suresh Prabhu, in the presence of the State Civil Aviation Minister, Jayant Sinha, on 24 December 2018. After efforts taken by the then Civil Aviation Minister, Hardeep Singh Puri. Commercial flights started on 8 November 2020.
New Koilwar Bridge, at Koilwar in Bhojpur is a 1.52 km long, 6-lane wide road bridge over the Sone river. It connects Arrah with Patna, the capital of Bihar state in India and also carries Buxar-Arrah-Patna national highway (NH-922). New Koilwar Bridge is named after Indian mathematician and Padma Shri awardee Vashishtha Narayan Singh (1946–2019). New Koilwar Bridge is 500 metres north and parallel to the existing 2-lane wide Koilwar Bridge. The construction work of all 6-lanes completed and Bridge is fully opened to public on 14 May 2022.
