Darbhanga Dorbhanga | |
---|---|
Metropolitan City | |
Nickname(s): Cultural Capital of Bihar, Heart of Mithila | |
Coordinates: 26°10′N85°54′E / 26.17°N 85.9°E | |
Country | India |
State | Bihar |
Region | Mithila |
District | Darbhanga |
Established | 01 January 1875 |
Government | |
• Type | Municipal Corporation |
• Body | Darbhanga Municipal Corporation |
• Mayor | Smt. Anjum Ara |
• Municipal Commissioner | Shri Kumar Gaurav (IAS) |
• SP City | Shri Sagar Kumar (IPS) |
• Member of Parliament | Gopal Jee Thakur (BJP) |
• MLA | Sanjay Saraogi (BJP) |
Area | |
• Total | 39.83 km2 (15.38 sq mi) |
Elevation | 52 m (171 ft) |
Population (2011) | |
• Total | 296,039 |
Demonym | Darbhangiya |
Languages | |
• Official | Hindi [2] |
• Additional official | Urdu [3] |
• Regional | Maithili |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | |
Telephone code | 06272 |
ISO 3166 code | IN-BR |
Vehicle registration | BR-07 |
Sex ratio | 1000:910 ♂/♀ |
Lok Sabha constituency | Darbhanga |
Vidhan Sabha constituency | Darbhanga, Darbhanga Rural, Bahadurpur, Keoti, Jale, Kusheshwar Asthan, Gaura Bauram, Benipur, Alinagar, Hayaghat |
Website | darbhanga |
Darbhanga is the fifth largest city and municipal corporation in the state of Bihar in India, and is considered an important city in North Bihar. It serves as the headquarters of the Darbhanga district and the Darbhanga division. It is held that the name Darbhanga has been derived from Dwar Banga or Dari – Banga, meaning the 'door of Bengal'. [6]
Darbhanga was the seat of the erstwhile Khandwala zamidaar dynasty under the Mughals and British India. It is considered an important medical centre of North Bihar as it is the location of the Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, and the second AIIMS of Bihar i.e AIIMS Darbhanga is to be constructed here. [7] [8] [9] [10]
Darbhanga is one of the oldest cities in India. Musical, folk art, and literary traditions in Sanskrit, Urdu, Hindi and Maithili have passed down generations in Darbhanga and constitute the city's strong cultural background. It is popularly known as the "Cultural Capital of Bihar" and the "Heart of Mithilaanchal". [11]
The city was the capital of the Darbhanga Raj, an estate established in the 16th century, containing the Anandbagh Palace. It was constituted as a municipality in 1864. Darbhanga is home to the Kameshwara Singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University (established 1961), which is located on the grounds of the palace, and the Lalit Narayan Mithila University (established 1972). Darbhanga has a museum housing archaeological materials, as well as historical and handicrafts exhibits.
Darbhanga has been a centre for music since the late 18th century and has produced multiple well-known dhrupad (an ancient form of Indian classical music) musicians. A major rail and road junction, Darbhanga trades in agricultural produce, mangoes, and fish. In addition to food processing, the city has a light manufacturing industry.
Darbhanga is situated on a vast alluvial plain, with low-lying areas containing marshes and lakes. Grains, oilseeds, tobacco, sugarcane, and mangoes are important crops in the region. [12]
Under the British Raj, Darbhanga was a part of Sarkar Tirhut until 1875, when it was constituted into a separate district. Its subdivisions had been constituted earlier – Darbhanga Sadar in 1845, Madhubani in 1866, and Samastipur (then known as Tajpur) in 1867. The city of Darbhanga is said to have been founded by one Darbhangi Khan, about whom practically nothing is known. It is also held that the name Darbhanga is derived from Dwar Banga or Dar-e-Banga, meaning the 'door of Bengal'. This etymology does not appear to be accurate as the division between Bengal and Bihar has always been held to be further to the east. Nonetheless, the region has a linguistic and cultural affinity with Bengal. [13]
Excavation at Balirajgarh revealed brick fortifications dating back to the 2nd century BC. [14]
Darbhanga is located in the northern part of Bihar. It lies between 25.53 degrees - 26.27 degrees N and 85.45 degrees - 86.25 degrees E at an average elevation of 171 feet (52 m). Darbhanga district covers an area of 2,279 sq km. Darbhanga is bounded by Madhubani district in the north, Samastipur district in the south, Saharsa district in the east, and Sitamarhi district and Muzaffarpur district in the west. Being located in Mithilanchal, Darbhanga district has a vast fertile alluvial plain devoid of any hills. It has a gentle slope from north to south direction having a depression in the centre. Darbhanga experiences a humid subtropical climate. It experiences three main seasons which are winter, summer, and rainy seasons. May is the hottest month when the temperature reaches up to 43 °C. Darbhanga district receives an average of 1142.3 mm rainfall and almost 92% of the annual rainfall is received during monsoon.
Darbhanga has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa).
Climate data for Darbhanga (1971–1990, extremes 1901–1998) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 30.6 (87.1) | 34.1 (93.4) | 40.6 (105.1) | 43.9 (111.0) | 44.1 (111.4) | 43.6 (110.5) | 39.3 (102.7) | 38.6 (101.5) | 38.6 (101.5) | 39.4 (102.9) | 34.1 (93.4) | 36.6 (97.9) | 44.1 (111.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.1 (73.6) | 25.8 (78.4) | 31.0 (87.8) | 35.1 (95.2) | 35.0 (95.0) | 34.9 (94.8) | 32.5 (90.5) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.5 (90.5) | 31.6 (88.9) | 29.0 (84.2) | 24.8 (76.6) | 30.7 (87.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.2 (61.2) | 18.4 (65.1) | 23.0 (73.4) | 27.1 (80.8) | 28.2 (82.8) | 28.8 (83.8) | 28.2 (82.8) | 28.4 (83.1) | 28.2 (82.8) | 26.5 (79.7) | 22.4 (72.3) | 17.7 (63.9) | 24.4 (75.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.2 (48.6) | 11.0 (51.8) | 15.1 (59.2) | 19.4 (66.9) | 21.2 (70.2) | 22.9 (73.2) | 23.8 (74.8) | 24.2 (75.6) | 23.8 (74.8) | 21.2 (70.2) | 15.8 (60.4) | 10.6 (51.1) | 18.2 (64.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) | 0.0 (32.0) | 4.1 (39.4) | 9.4 (48.9) | 10.6 (51.1) | 11.0 (51.8) | 13.5 (56.3) | 15.5 (59.9) | 13.5 (56.3) | 10.0 (50.0) | 7.2 (45.0) | 2.6 (36.7) | 0.0 (32.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 13 (0.5) | 14 (0.6) | 9 (0.4) | 29 (1.1) | 76 (3.0) | 139 (5.5) | 353 (13.9) | 254 (10.0) | 193 (7.6) | 73 (2.9) | 6 (0.2) | 7 (0.3) | 1,166 (45.9) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 4.6 | 7.6 | 16.4 | 12.2 | 10.5 | 3.4 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 63.7 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 68 | 63 | 49 | 56 | 60 | 70 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 73 | 66 | 67 | 67 |
Source 1: NOAA (1971–1990) [15] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: India Meteorological Department [16] |
The 2011 Census of India recorded Darbhanga as an Urban agglomeration with a population of 296,039 while the surrounding district has 3 million people. [18] It is the 5th largest city in Bihar in terms of the urban population. [19] The city has 196,573 males (52.6%) and 183,552 females (47.4%). Darbhanga has an average literacy rate of 79.40%, with male literacy at 85.08% and female literacy at 73.08%. [20] However, as per the document published on 6 March 2021 by the office of District Magistrate Darbhanga, the urban population of Darbhanga stands 380,125. [19]
At the time of the 2011 census, 50.25% of the population spoke Maithili, 26.80% Urdu and 20.98% Hindi as their first language. [21]
Darbhanga Junction lies on the East Central Railway. It is connected directly to all the major cities of India. Laheriasarai Railway Station is the second major station of Darbhanga and works as an important railway station for people living in south Darbhanga.
There are daily and weekly trains available for New Delhi, Patna, Secunderabad, Kolkata, Varanasi, Ahmedabad, Lokmanya Tilak Terminus, Howrah, Amritsar, Pune and other major cities.
Darbhanga also has its own commercial airport which is connected with all the major cities of India.
Darbhanga Airport (IATA: DBR, ICAO: VE89) is a civil enclave at the Darbhanga Air Force Station of the Indian Air Force, 6 kilometres from Darbhanga City near the NH 527B and NH 27 East-West Corridor Expressway which passes through Darbhanga. The civil enclave is operated by the Airports Authority of India (AAI). The foundation stone for the project was laid by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar and then Civil Aviation Minister Suresh Prabhu in the presence of state Civil Aviation Minister Jayant Sinha on 24 December 2018. After efforts taken by the MP of Darbhanga, Gopal Jee Thakur, [22] [23] and the then Civil Aviation Minister, Hardeep Singh Puri. Commercial flights started on 8 November 2020. [24]
NH 27 which is part of India's East–West highway corridor passes through Darbhanga. Darbhanga is connected to other parts of India by NH 27, NH 527B and Bihar State highways 50, 56, 88 and 75. Darbhanga is also connected to Muzaffarpur, Samastipur, Madhubani and Sitamarhi.
The East-West Corridor expressway, which connects Porbandar in Gujarat to Silchar in Assam, passes through Darbhanga.
The Amas–Darbhanga Expressway NH 119D is an approved 4/6-lane wide access-controlled expressway in India. Once completed, it will be the first expressway in the state of Bihar. NH 119D connects Amas village in Gaya district to Bela Nawada village in Darbhanga district.
Notable educational institutions include:
Darbhanga has various tourist attractions and is among the oldest cities of Bihar.
Tourist spots include:
All India Radio has a 20 kW medium-wave radio station in Darbhanga which transmits various programmes of mass interest and covers a part of North Bihar as well as the Terai of Nepal.[ citation needed ]
Doordarshan has one DD National and one DD News LPT relay transmitters.[ citation needed ]
Madhubani is a city Municipal Corporation and headquarter of Madhubani district. Madhubani is situated in the Indian state of Bihar. It comes under Darbhanga Division. It is situated at 26 km northeast of Darbhanga City. The Madhuban Raj in Madhubani was created as a consequence. The word "Madhuban" means "forest of honey", from which Madhubani is derived, but sometimes it is also known as "madhu"+"vaani" meaning "sweet" "voice/language".
Samastipur is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar in India. The district headquarters are located at Samastipur. The district occupies an area of 2904 km² and has a population of 4,261,566.
Darbhanga district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state in eastern India, and Darbhanga city is the administrative headquarters of this district and 5th largest city of Bihar as well. Darbhanga district lies in Historical Mithila region. Darbhanga district is a part of Darbhanga Division. The district is bounded on the north by Madhubani district, on the south by Samastipur district, on the east by Saharsa district and on the west by Sitamarhi and Muzaffarpur districts. The district covers an area of 2,279 km2 (880 sq mi).
North Bihar is a term used for the region of Bihar, India, which lies north of the Ganga river.
Antour is a village in Benipur Subdivision, Alinagar Block under Darbhanga district in Bihar state, in northeastern India. It is located 28 km towards East from District headquarters Darbhanga. 5 km from Alinagar. 138 km from State capital Patna. Antour Pin code is 847103 and postal office in Antour itself. This Place is in the border of the Darbhanga District and Madhubani District. Madhubani District Lakhnaur is North towards this place. Antour is famous for Panchlal Mahadev Mandir - five Shivlings.
Kaluahi is a village in Madhubani District of Bihar in India.
Madhubani railway station is a railway station in Madhubani district, Bihar. Its code is MBI. It serves Madhubani city. The station consists of 3 platforms.
Chhatwan is a village in Keotiranway Tehsil, Darbhanga District, Bihar, India.
Mithila Student Union (MSU) (Maithili : मिथिला स्टूडेंट यूनियन) is a non-political student organisation whose sole purpose is the development of Mithila and Maithils living in India. It is one of the largest student organisations in Bihar. It is a registered organization under the provisions of the Societies Registration Act, 1860 under the Indian constitution. Anup Maithil is the founder president of Mithila Student Union. They mostly keep Mithila Art Boarded Maroon Gamchha on their Sholder which is the Symbol of Passion, Love, Bravery and Courage.
Gopal Jee Thakur is an Indian Politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party, and a Member of Parliament representing Darbhanga in Bihar, India.
Gopal Singh Shekhawat, also known as Gopal Singh Idwa is an Indian politician and the former Lok Sabha member, who represented Rajsamand constituency of Rajasthan state as the Member of the Bhartiya Janata Party.
Dr. Murari Mohan Jha is an Indian politician (MLA) from Darbhanga, Bihar. He is a member of the present Bihar Legislative Assembly. Jha contested the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election on a BJP ticket and defeated his closest rival, Abdul Bari Siddiqui, a veteran leader of the Rashtiya Janta Dal.
Mithila Makhana is a special variety of aquatic fox nut cultivated in Mithila region of Bihar and Nepal. In Mithila, Makhana is also termed as Makhan. It is one of the three prestigious cultural identities of Mithila: Pond, Fish and Makhan "पग-पग पोखर, माछ, मखान ". It is also famous in Kojagara festival of Maithil Brahmins and Kaysath celebrated for newly married couples. Makhana contains protein and fiber, along with micronutrients like calcium, magnesium, iron, and phosphorus.
Ugna or Ugna Mahadev is believed to be an incarnation of Shiva as the servant of his devotee, the Maithili poet Vidyapati around the 14th century in Mithila. According to legend, the people of Mithila generally remember and worship Shiva by the name of Ugna, which is among the deity's thousand names.
Mithila State Movement is a movement advocating a separate Mithila state in India. This movement gained momentum in 1902 AD when Sir George Grierson, an official of the British Indian government, prepared a map of Mithila state by conducting a language-based survey. In 1881 AD, the word Mithila was added to the dictionary of the British India government. According to the founder, president Dr. Dhanakar Thakur of the International Maithili Council in the proposed Mithila state, 24 districts of Bihar and six districts of Jharkhand, a total of 30 districts, have been included, which has a population of about 70 million. At the same time, the area is 70 thousand square km.
Chanda Jha also known as Kavi Chandra was the first poet who wrote Ramayana in Maithili language. The version of Ramayana written by him is known as Maithili Bhasha Ramayana.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Darbhanga is a Proposed Public hospital and Medical school located at Darbhanga, Bihar, India. It is the second AIIMS of Bihar and will be built at a cost of 2000 crores. AIIMS Darbhanga was Announced on 28 February 2015 and approved on 15 September 2020, The Government of Bihar handed over the 187 acers of land to the Central Government in 2024.
Dhouns is the name of a river that flows on the plains of the Mithila region in the Indian subcontinent. It is the part of Adhwara group of rivers flowing from the western part of the Madhwapur block area in the Madhubani district of Bihar in India.
Shilanath Mahadev Mandir is an ancient temple of Lord Shiva in the Mithila region of India. It is located at the outskirts of the Jainagar town in the Madhubani district of Bihar.
Koshi Flood 2024 is a big flood caused by the release of approximately 6.61 lakh cusecs of water from the Birpur Barrage of the Koshi river.