Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport

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Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport
Kolkata Airport Terminal (14668075480).jpg
Air India's Check-In Counters at NSCBIA
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/Operator Airports Authority of India
Serves Kolkata Metropolitan Region
Location Dum Dum, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Opened21 December 1924;100 years ago (1924-12-21)
Hub for
Focus city for Air India
Operating base for SpiceJet
BuiltEarly 1900s as the Calcutta Aerodrome
Time zone IST (UTC+05:30)
Elevation  AMSL 5 m / 16 ft
Coordinates 22°39′17″N088°26′48″E / 22.65472°N 88.44667°E / 22.65472; 88.44667
Website www.nscbiairport.com
Map
Kolkata location map EN.svg
Airplane silhouette.svg
CCU/VECC
West Bengal location map.svg
Airplane silhouette.svg
CCU/VECC
India location map.svg
Airplane silhouette.svg
CCU/VECC
Runways
Direction LengthSurface
mft
01L/19R2,8329,291 Asphalt
01R/19L3,63311,919Asphalt
Statistics (April 2024 - March 2025)
Passengers21,831,118 (Increase2.svg 10.3%)
Aircraft movements148,888 (Increase2.svg 5.7%)
Cargo tonnage165,617 (Increase2.svg 9.2%)
Source: AAI [1] [2] [3]

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport( IATA : CCU, ICAO : VECC) (Bengali pronunciation: [netad͡ʒisuβaʃt͡ʃɔndroboʃuantord͡ʒatikbimanbɔndor] ) is an international airport serving the city of Kolkata and the Kolkata metropolitan area, the capital metropolis of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the primary aviation hub for eastern and northeastern India. It is located in Dum Dum and in proximity to Jessore Road, approximately 16 km (9.9 mi) from Dalhousie Square and Howrah Junction via the Howrah Bridge. The airport was originally known as Dum Dum Airport before being renamed in 1995 after Subhas Chandra Bose, one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement. The airport's IATA code CCU is associated with "Calcutta", the former legal name of the city. Opened in 1924, the airport is one of the oldest airports in India. [4]

Contents

Spread over an area of 6.64 square kilometres (2.56 sq mi), the airport is the largest hub for air traffic in the eastern part of the country and one of the four operational airports in the state, the others being Bagdogra Airport in Siliguri, Cooch Behar Airport in Cooch Behar and Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport in Durgapur. The airport handled around 22 million passengers in the financial year 2024–25, making it the sixth-busiest airport in India in terms of passenger traffic, after Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Chennai airports. [1] The airport is also a major centre for flights to northeast India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Southeast Asia and the Middle Eastern cities of Dubai, Doha and Abu Dhabi.

History

Subhas Chandra Bose at the airport in 1938 Subhas Chandra Bose arrives at Dum Dum aerodrome.jpg
Subhas Chandra Bose at the airport in 1938

Early history

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport was founded in the early 1900s as the Calcutta Aerodrome. [5] The airport traditionally served as a strategic stopover on the air route from North America and Europe to Indochina and Australia.[ citation needed ] Dakota 3 was the first aircraft to land in the airport. [6] In 1924, KLM began scheduled stops at Calcutta, as part of their Amsterdam to Batavia (Jakarta) route. [7] [8] [9] The same year, a Royal Air Force aircraft landed in Calcutta as part of the first round-the-world expedition by any air force. [10] [11] [12]

The airport began as an open ground next to the Royal Artillery Armoury in Dum Dum. [12] [13] [14] [15] Sir Stanley Jackson, Governor of Bengal, opened the Bengal Flying Club at Dum Dum/Calcutta aerodrome in February 1929. [16] In 1930, the airfield was made fit for use throughout the year, [17] and other airlines began to utilise the airport. Air Orient began scheduled stops as part of a Paris to Saigon route [18] and Imperial Airways began flights from London to Australia via Calcutta in 1933, thus drew many airlines to Calcutta Airport. [9] [19] [20] Many pioneering flights passed through the airport, including Amelia Earhart's in 1937. [21] [22] [23]

Calcutta played an important role in the Second World War. In 1942, the United States Army Air Forces 7th Bombardment Group flew B-24 Liberator bombers from the airport on combat missions over Burma. The airfield was used as a cargo aerial port for the Air Transport Command and was also used as a communication centre for the Tenth Air Force. [24] [12]

Post-independence

Nepal Airlines at Dum Dum Airport in 1974 HS 748 2A 9N-AAU Nepal Dum Dum 080974 edited-3.jpg
Nepal Airlines at Dum Dum Airport in 1974

Passenger services grew after the Second World War. Calcutta became a destination for the world's first jet-powered passenger aircraft, the de Havilland Comet, on a British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) route to London. [11] [25] [26] Furthermore, in 1964 Indian Airlines introduced the first Indian domestic jet service, using Caravelle jets on the Calcutta–Delhi route. [27] Between the 1940s and 1960s, the airport was served by several major airlines including Aeroflot, [28] Air France, [29] Alitalia, [30] Cathay Pacific, [31] Japan Airlines, [32] Philippine Airlines, [33] KLM, [34] Lufthansa, [35] Pan Am, [36] Qantas, [37] Swissair, [34] and SAS. [38]

Due to the introduction of longer-haul aircraft and the poor political climate of Calcutta during the 1960s and also during the year 1971, several airlines discontinued their service to the airport. The 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War saw a large increase of both refugees and disease in Calcutta, causing more airlines to cease services to the city. In 1975, the airport opened the first dedicated cargo terminal in India.

The 1990s saw new growth for Calcutta Airport, as the Indian aviation industry saw the arrival of new airlines such as Jet Airways and Air Sahara. A new domestic terminal named Terminal 2 was opened in 1995 making the international one Terminal 1, and the airport was renamed in honour of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. In 2000, a new international arrival hall was opened. [6] [39]

Modernisation

The year 2005 saw the growth of low-cost carriers in the Indian aviation sector, with new airlines including SpiceJet, IndiGo, and Kingfisher Airlines. This led to a dramatic rise in passenger numbers at the airport. Overcrowding in both terminals led to the implementation of a comprehensive modernisation plan for the airport. [40] [41] [42]

Work included an expansion of runway 01L/19R, rapid-exit taxiways and parking bays. The runway was extended by 400 metres (0.25 mi) (2790 metres to 3190 metres) on the northern side and 1,000 feet (300 m) on the southern side and was fitted with CAT-I facilities for night use. A 119-year-old mosque that lies 30 metres from the runway' northern end prohibits further expansion in this direction. [43] The longer runway, 01R/19L, was upgraded from CAT-I to CAT-II ILS status to allow landings in poor visibility. In August 2014, it was announced that the instrument landing system of the primary runway would be upgraded to CAT-IIIb. This allows flights to operate till visibility drops below 50 metres. The secondary runway would be upgraded to CAT-II. The ₹ 120 crore (equivalent to ₹141 croreorUS$17 million in 2023) upgrading work started in February 2015 [44] [45] and was completed in January 2018. [46]

Scandinavian Airlines is one of the many European airlines that used to operate to Kolkata. This is their inaugural flight to Kolkata. SAS Inaugural Calcutta (9).jpg
Scandinavian Airlines is one of the many European airlines that used to operate to Kolkata. This is their inaugural flight to Kolkata.

The modernisation plan included some improvements of the airport's existing terminals, including the addition of extra ticketing counters, check-in kiosks, and cafes to the domestic terminal in 2009. However, the need to replace the airport's terminals entirely led to plans for a new integrated terminal, known as T2 to differentiate it from the older domestic block, to serve both international and domestic destinations. A Thai-based company, the Italian-Thai Development (ITD) Corporation (ITD-ITDCem JV, a consortium of ITD and ITD Cementation) and the 125-year-old iconic Project Management Consultant–Parsons Brinckerhoff (PB) was hired with Delhi-based designer Sikka Associates Architects to construct the building. Construction commenced in November 2008, and T2 was inaugurated on 20 January 2013 after overshooting the previous deadlines of July 2011 and August 2012. [47] [48] The former airport hotel 'Ashok' was demolished to give way for two new five-star luxury hotels and a shopping mall in its place. [39] [49]

Commercial operations were intended to start on 23 January 2013, the 116th birth anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. [50] However, the shift to the new terminal was only completed on 16 March 2013. [51] Airports Council International named it the best improved airport in the Asia-Pacific region in 2014 and 2015. [52] [53] [54] [55]

Infrastructure

Runways

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport has two parallel runways, the primary runway 01R/19L has a capacity of approximately 35 flights per hour and the secondary runway 01L/19R has a capacity of 15 flights per hour. The secondary runway is usually used as a taxiway when the main runway is used. When the primary runway is shut down for maintenance purposes, the secondary runway is used. [56] [57] The secondary runway was expected to undergo a recarpeting under a ₹224 crore (US$26 million) project in 2025. [58] By September 2025, the improvements have enhanced the operating capacity of the airport to 35 to 40 flights per hour. [59]

Runways at NSCBI Airport
Runway numberLengthWidthApproach lights/ILS
01L/19R2,832 m (9,291 ft)46 m (151 ft)CAT I / CAT II
01R/19L3,633 m (11,919 ft)46 m (151 ft)CAT III-B / CAT II

Hangars and ground services

Air India operates hangars at the airport, while Bharat Petroleum and Indian Oil act as fuellers. Catering facilities are owned by Taj-Sats and Oberoi Flight Services. [60] [61]

Terminals

Bird's eye view of the integrated terminal Bird eye view of the new terminal.jpg
Bird's eye view of the integrated terminal

The airport's new integrated terminal T2 is spread over 233,000 m2 (2,510,000 sq ft) and can handle 25 million passengers annually, compared to the previous terminal T1's capacity of five million. The terminal is an L-shaped structure, containing six levels. It contains 128 check-in counters that utilise CUTE (Common User Terminal Equipment) technology and has 78 immigration counters and twelve customs counters. [62] The terminal was developed in a project worth ₹ 2,325 crore (equivalent to ₹40 billionorUS$470 million in 2023). [63] Passenger lounges are provided by Air India. The terminal is equipped with 18 aerobridges and a further 57 remote parking bays. There are plans to construct an 18-foot bronze statue of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in the integrated terminal complex. [64] [65]

Kolkata's old international and domestic terminals closed permanently when the integrated terminal opened. However, there were plans to renovate the old international terminal to be used for future hajj services, while the domestic terminal could be used by regional airlines. An earlier proposal of continuing low-cost carrier operations from the existing domestic terminal has been shelved due to the need to fully utilise the new integrated terminal's capacity, making it the first airport in India to shift even its low-cost domestic airlines to the new integrated building upon completion. [51] [66] [67] However, the old terminal will be replaced by a new terminal T3 to increase the overall capacity. [68]

In the financial year from April 2011 to March 2012, Kolkata Airport served 10.3 million passengers, 85% of which travelled domestically. [69] The withdrawal of Lufthansa's service to Frankfurt in March 2012 left Kolkata with no direct connections beyond Asia. [70] However, other international operations increased in 2012. [69] The new terminal has attracted some airlines to expand their route networks to include Kolkata. [71] [72]

In September 2012, the Airports Authority of India upgraded the airport's cargo-handling capacity, enabling it to cater for the demand until 2015–16. There has been a 25 per cent growth in international cargo movement to and from Kolkata Airport and a 15 per cent increase in outward transit. Automobile parts accounted for the bulk of the growth in the movement of cargo from the city to other countries. In November 2008 the first Centre for Perishable Cargo (CPC) in West Bengal was opened at the airport. The CPC has an area of 742.5 m2 (7,992 sq ft) and an annual storage capacity of 12,000 million tonnes. The CPC had been undergoing trials that started in June 2008 and were built with a ₹6.75 crore (equivalent to ₹7.9 croreorUS$940,000 in 2023) grant-in-aid from the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) part of the Commerce Ministry. [73] The volume of export was 21,683 tonnes in 2008–09, during the current fiscal more than 23,042 tonnes of cargo were handled by the airport. Similarly, the volume of import cargo increased from 16,863 tonnes to 18,733 tonnes, increasing over ten per cent during the same period. However, in 2008–09 the total volume of cargo handled by the airport declined by 4.8% from the previous year.

On 3 June 2019, Singapore Airlines operated the Airport's maiden Airbus A350 service from Singapore to Kolkata, enhancing the weekly seat capacity. [74]

Air Traffic Navigation Complex

The new 56 m-tall ATC complex of NSCBIA under construction. ATC complex CCU.JPG
The new 56 m-tall ATC complex of NSCBIA under construction.

The Kolkata Airport is currently served by a legacy 35 m (115 ft) building commissioned in 1972. [76] However, the building grappled with space constraints for modernisation and monitoring limitations, especially for aircraft parked along international wing of T2 building. [77]

To solve the crisis, a new air traffic navigation (ATN) complex has been constructed under a project worth ₹ 458 crore (US$54 million). [78] The complex includes area control and technical blocks. The spiral torch-shaped tower has a height of 56 m (184 ft) [79] and is equipped with advanced digital technology for communication and air traffic systems. The technical block will host flight data and radar data processing systems, data control processing system, and new monitoring systems. [77] The area of the facility will increase from 710 m2 (7,640 sq ft) to 1,330.0 m2 (14,316 sq ft), while the same for the visual control room will be upgraded from 117 m2 (1,260 sq ft) to 229.9 m2 (2,475 sq ft). [79]

The project, conceptualised in 2008 to establish a 86 m (282 ft) tall tower, [80] was shelved in 2011 due to lack of funds. In January 2013, however, the top brass of the Airports Authority of India (AAI) granted the in-principle approval for the project, worth ₹240 crore (US$40.96 million). The execution would begin after the transition to new terminal was completed in July. While the surface movement control and tower units would be based in a glass chamber in the apex, the remaining units, including aerodrome control, approach control and area control would be hosted at a three-storied building at the base. The project details would then be sent to higher authorities for the budget to be sanctioned. Another 18 months was expected to float a tender and select bids for flight data processing system, radar data processing system, data control processing system and new monitors. An additional six months would be required for the systems installations and testing. Full operationalisation was expected by 2016. [81]

In May 2013, the project received a funding of ₹270 crore (US$46.08 million), which includes ₹120 crore (US$20.48 million) for the building and ₹150 crore (US$25.6 million) to upgrade air navigation and surveillance systems. [76] As represented in the cover of AAI's Airports India magazine dated February 2016, the new ATC tower's height was revised to 112 m (367 ft). However, the height was again halved to 57 m (187 ft) a year later in February 2017 when AAI released the tender for the construction of the facility, akin with the ATC tower in Edinburgh Airport. The ATC Guild (India), a union of the air traffic controllers of India, was unhappy with such revision and defended the earlier plan, stating that the height would not have caused safety hazard but a shorter tower would be obsolete much earlier. [80]

As of June 2022, the existing navigation and surveillance equipment, installed in 2013, [77] was nearing its end of 10-year life cycle and required a new generation of control systems like Level IV Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (A-SMGCS) as well as new automation system, voice communication, VHF antenna with three outputs, ground guidance and surveillance equipment for aircraft and other vehicles, and equipment to broadcast meteorological data to aircraft. The cost of the entire set of equipment is estimated at ₹350 crore (US$44.53 million) to ₹400 crore (US$50.89 million). Meanwhile, the civil work of the new tower was expected for completion by the year's end. [82] [79]

While the civil work of the facility was completed in February 2024, the installation of electrical lines and optic fibre cables was completed in May. The commencement of trials was expected by October 2024 with operationalisation by 2025-end. Until then, the existing and the new complex will function parallelly. [83]

The operational trials of the new complex commenced on 24 March 2025. The tower, with a workforce of eight controllers along with technicians from Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) department, coordinated the take off and landing of around 40 aircraft between 2 pm and 4 pm. The first aircraft to land under the new ATC's supervision was an IndiGo flight from Bengaluru. Another team of controllers also stood by in the existing ATC tower to takeover responsibilities in case of any contingencies in the new facility. Such operations will continue to be undertaken from the new tower over the same time daily for three months before the duration can be increased. However, full-fledged operations will not begin within the next 18-24 months since the modern equipment is yet to be selected and procured. The equipment include a new generation automation system, approach radar, advanced surface movement guidance and control system as well as abVHF communication equipment. Only after the tenders are floated will the equipment be procured, installed and operationalised. Until then, controllers in the new ATC tower will utilise modified equipment that was procured and installed in 2012 and 2013. [77] [84]

On 7 October, a short circuit in the AC system of the new complex, detected by five controllers reporting for duty, revealed the lack of an emergency exit. This shut the operations from the facility until 20 October after which operations restarted. However, full operational clearance could only be received from the DGCA, BCAS and the fire department after the emergency exit is arranged. [78]

Expansion

The integrated terminal T2 was commissioned in 2013 with an annual capacity of 20 million passengers. The terminal served 9 million passengers in the first year. However, by 2016, the amount quickly rose to 16 million. At this rate, the terminal would be saturated by 2018. This necessitated the airport authority to plan another phase of expansions. In June 2017, the then director of Kolkata airport, Atul Dixit, unveiled the plans of the next phase of expansion to enhance the airport's capacity to 40 million passengers per annum. [85] The first nod for a third terminal was received from the aviation ministry by then. The old air traffic control complex and both of the old terminals, located in the North of the T2, would be demolished to establish the third terminal. [85] In September, a US aviation planning and development firm based in Cincinnati, Landrum & Brown (L&B), was appointed to formulate a master plan to enhance the capacity and efficiency of the airport. [86]

The plan was reportedly sanctioned in February 2020 and first phase expansion was expected to be completed within 30 months. [87]

Initially, the existing terminal will undergo an interim expansion of ₹ 130 crore (US$15 million) that will see the terminal handle an additional 2 million passengers annually, bringing the total handling capacity of the existing terminal to 28 million passengers annually. [58] Then, a new ₹4,500 crore (US$530 million) [58] expansion plan will be undertaken in two phases over a span of six years. [68]

Upon completion of the project, the new terminal will serve both domestic and international flights with annual capacity of 11 million passengers. [68] This will bring the airport's capacity to 40 million. [85] Further, the existing integrated terminal, which will exclusively handle domestic flights will have a revised capacity of 34 million passengers, [88] taking the airport's overall capacity to 45 million (36 million domestic passengers and 9 million international passengers) [88] by 2032–33. [63] This will mark a nine-fold increase in the airport's capacity within two decades. The old terminals had a combined 5 million passengers per annum capacity until March 2013. [63]

Interim expansions

An interim expansion phase, also referred to as modular expansion phase, [68] [89] will be implemented to meet the airport’s short-term passenger growth demands. In this phase, the old terminal and the T2 integrated terminal will be connected with three aerobridges and walkalators as well as walk-in doors at ground level. The former will be used for boarding and de-boarding passengers from aircraft. Passengers arriving in the boarding building would take the connecting bridge to the terminal T2 and then leave the airport. This is meant to decongest the airport in peak hours and immediately enhance passenger capacity by a million. [85]

Under the modular expansion, the security hold area (SHA), the lounge where passengers wait after the security checks until the aircraft boarding begins, will be expanded for the integrated terminal T2. The SHA could be extended to the left of T2 in place of the old domestic terminal. Ten aerobridges are planned to be added to the terminal. Of the 18 existing aerobridges, 14 serve domestic flights while 4 serve international ones. Each bridge is capable of serving 10 flights per day. [63] [89]

The expansion was underway as of April 2025, and is slated for completion by December. The project will add over 6,600 m2 (71,000 sq ft) of space to the terminal. This includes an addition of 5,590 m2 (60,200 sq ft) and 1,000 m2 (10,800 sq ft) space in the international and domestic wings, respectively. While the domestic section will increase the SHA, the international wing also see the increase of food & beverage (F&B) space. The latter's departure space will also be reorganised including the 2,990 m2 (32,200 sq ft) Immigration and Customs area being shifted to an equivalent area in the newly added southern section. A third of this will host the offices while the rest will be used for passenger amenities like additional seating and F&B section. The international wing's SHA will also increase by 2,600 m2 (28,000 sq ft). [90] [88]

These expansions will enhance the airport's capacity to 28 million passengers per annum. A budget of ₹130 crore (US$15 million) has been earmarked for this phase. This will provide an additional time of four to five years, until 2030–31, to the airport authority for a long-term solution to accommodate the passenger growth, including the construction of a new terminal. [58]

Phase 1

Under the first phase of expansion, the old domestic terminal, which was operation between 1995 and 2013 and has a built-up area of 22,000 m2 (240,000 sq ft), [88] will be demolished and a new terminal, spread over an area of 120,000 m2 (1,300,000 sq ft), will be constructed. This will increase the airport's capacity by 40% to 33 million passengers. As of 2019, the design of the new terminal was to be finalised by early 2020. [63]

As of December 2024, the demolition would begin in August 2025 [68] and would take a year. Simultaneously, a tender will be floated for the construction of the new terminal which is expected to commence in early 2026. The overall terminal project, worth ₹4,500 crore (US$530 million), will be completed in two phases. The new terminal would be designed in order to efficiently utilise its relatively shorter frontage but service more aircraft at a time than the existing linear integrated terminal. [58]

The new building will be U-shaped and have three sections — a rectangular section and two arm-like concourses. The rectangular section, located at the parking lot of old terminal, will host the check-in counters, security check portals and baggage handling facilities. Meanwhile, the two concourses, at the northern and southern ends of the rectangular sections and extending eastwards, will host the operational area like boarding gates and aerobridges. The rectangular section and southern arm will be built as part of the phase 1, which has been sanctioned by the AAI. [68]

As of July 2025, the demolition of the old domestic terminal is scheduled to be completed by the year-end or early 2026. The entire terminal that will be completed under this phase will exclusively serve international flights and will have an annual capacity of 9 million passengers. [88]

Phase 2

By the time the first phase construction of the new terminal will be completed, the new Air Traffic Navigation Complex will be fully operational and the old tower building and former international terminal will be demolished. [58] Following this, the second phase construction will commence. This includes the northern concourse, located at on the existing Air Traffic Services (ATS) building. [68] Ultimately the new terminal will also require 21 parking bays connected with aerobridges. [89] The construction is aimed to be completed in 2029–30. The terminal will handle both domestic and international traffic while the T2 will be dedicated to domestic traffic. In fact, after removing the immigration, customs, and other related operations, the capacity of T2 will also be increased by 0.6 million passengers. [58]

Other developments

In 2019, the airport had 65 active parking bays. The parking bays remained fully occupied at night except for three parking bays that are required to be reserved for diverted flights. This necessitated to expand parking facilities with the growing demands of the Indian airlines. The AAI planned to develop over 380 parking bays in 23 airports. Airports in Kolkata and Ahmedabad, followed by Lucknow, would take the lead in this initiative. [91]

Amid this development, the AAI had earmarked ₹200 crore (US$28.4 million) to take the parking bays quantity to 105 by the end of 2024. An additional ₹150 crore (US$21.3 million) was earmarked extend the taxiway F of the airport. An amount of ₹250 crore (US$35.5 million) had been invested to extend the taxiway and develop 20 parking bays by 2021. Work for the first set of 10 bays had begun following which the old airport fire station would be demolished for the next 10 bays. After the completion of these 20 bays, another contract, worth ₹100 crore (US$14.2 million), for the rest of 20 bays will be awarded. [91]

However, as of 2025, the airport operates 73 parking bays. However, two additional bays will be made operational by the year-end and will be followed by activation of 10 bays and 19 bays in 2030 and 2032, respectively. In 2033, an additional 28 bays will be commissioned and will bring to the total number of parking bays to 132. This will ensure the parallel increase of terminal and airside infrastructure. [89] Parking bays will also be developed on the eastern flank of the airport. [89] [91]

The cargo terminal of the airport, currently located in the north western sector of the airport, will be moved to the west of the VIP Road. When relocated, the space occupied by the current cargo terminal will give way for the development of more parking bays as well as passenger terminal expansion. [89]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger


AirlinesDestinations
Air Arabia Abu Dhabi [92] [93]
Air India Chandigarh, Delhi, Mumbai
Air India Express [94] Agartala, Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, [95] Dibrugarh, [96] Ghaziabad, [97] Goa–Dabolim, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Imphal, Port Blair, [98] Siliguri
AirAsia Kuala Lumpur–International
Akasa Air [99] Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Delhi (begins 26 October 2025), Goa–Mopa (begins 26 October 2025), Mumbai, Port Blair, [100] Pune, Srinagar (begins 26 October 2025)
Alliance Air [101] Aizawl, Bhubaneswar, Bilaspur, Guwahati (ends 25 October 2025), Imphal, Lilabari, Rourkela, Rupsi (resumes 26 October 2025), Silchar
Bhutan Airlines [102] Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, [103] Paro
Biman Bangladesh Airlines [104] Dhaka
Buddha Air Kathmandu [105]
Drukair [106] Paro
Emirates [107] [108] Dubai–International [109]
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi [110] [111]
flydubai [112] Dubai–International [113]
IndiaOne Air Cooch Behar, [114] Jamshedpur [115]
IndiGo [116] [117] Agartala, Ahmedabad, Aizawl, Amritsar, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, [118] Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Coimbatore, Darbhanga, Dehradun, Delhi, Deoghar, [119] Dhaka, Dibrugarh, Dimapur, Gaya, Ghaziabad, [120] Goa–Dabolim, Goa–Mopa, [121] Gorakhpur, Guangzhou (resumes 26 October 2025), [122] Guwahati, Hanoi, [123] Ho Chi Minh City, [123] Hyderabad, Imphal, Indore, Itanagar, [124] Jaipur, Jammu, Jharsuguda, [125] Jorhat, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Patna, Phuket, [126] Port Blair, Pune, Purnea, Raipur, Rajkot, Ranchi, Shillong, Siem Reap (begins 13 November 2025), [127] Silchar, Siliguri, Singapore, Srinagar, Surat, Vadodara, Varanasi, Visakhapatnam
Malaysia Airlines [128] Kuala Lumpur–International
Myanmar Airways International [129] Yangon
Qatar Airways [130] Doha
Singapore Airlines Singapore [131] [132]
SpiceJet [133] [134] Ahmedabad, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Bengaluru, Chennai (resumes 30 October 2025), Delhi, Guwahati, Jaipur, Mumbai, Port Blair, Pune, Siliguri, Udaipur (begins 6 November 2025)
Star Air Purnea [135]
Thai AirAsia Bangkok–Don Mueang, [136]
Thai Airways International Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi [137] [138]
Thai Lion Air Bangkok–Don Mueang [139] [140]
Thai VietJet Air Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi (begins 5 January 2026) [141]
US-Bangla Airlines [142] Dhaka

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
Blue Dart Aviation [143] [144] Bengaluru, Delhi, Guwahati, Mumbai
IndiGo CarGo Delhi, Ezhou, [145] Hanoi, Mumbai, Yangon
My Indo Airlines Yangon
Qatar Airways Cargo Doha [146]
YTO Cargo Airlines Dubai–Al Maktoum, Hangzhou

Statistics

As of the financial year 2024–25, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport is the sixth-busiest airport in India in terms of the total number of passengers served and with respect to the number of flights departing and arriving at the airport, which was about 21.8 million passengers in the FY and 408 flights a day respectively. This was a 10.3% increase from the previous year. Out of which, 19.4 million passengers were domestic travellers and 2.4 million were international travellers. [147] The cargo traffic saw an increase of 9.2% from its previous year, with 165,617.9 metric tonnes of cargo, the best CCU has ever handled so far. [148]

PassengersYearPassengersAnnual passenger traffic
Passenger and cargo traffic (2009–2025)
YearPassengersChangeCargo (MT)ChangeRef
InternationalDomesticTotal
2009–1011,87,16068,58,56480,45,724Steady2.svg1,10,256Steady2.svg [149] [150]
2010–1114,28,08682,03,58696,31,672Increase2.svg 19.7%1,29,957Increase2.svg 17.9% [149] [150]
2011–1215,66,10287,37,8891,03,03,991Increase2.svg 7.0%1,25,593Decrease2.svg 3.4% [151] [152]
2012–1316,44,33984,24,3161,00,68,655Decrease2.svg 2.3%1,23,491Decrease2.svg 1.7% [153] [154]
2013–1417,65,01383,35,2191,01,00,232Decrease2.svg 0.7%1,29,782Increase2.svg 6.2% [155] [156]
2014–1519,26,56289,90,1071,09,16,669Increase2.svg 8.1%1,36,699Increase2.svg 5.3% [157] [158]
2015–1622,17,4731,02,03,7711,24,21,244Increase2.svg 13.8%1,39,679Increase2.svg 2.2% [159] [160]
2016–1722,30,0711,35,89,4681,58,19,539Increase2.svg 24.0%1,52, 415Increase2.svg 9.0% [161] [162]
2017–1825,86,7751,73,05,7491,98,92,524Increase2.svg 25.7%1,63,323Increase2.svg 7.2% [163] [164]
2018–1927,86,8051,90,90,5452,18,77,350Increase2.svg 10.0%1,55,232Decrease2.svg 5.0% [165] [166]
2019–2029,39,3221,90,76,0692,20,15,391Increase2.svg 0.6%1,53,468Decrease2.svg 1.1% [167] [168]
2020–211,43,08175,85,82577,28,906Decrease2.svg 64.9%1,04,953Decrease2.svg 31.6% [169] [170]
2021–223,42,6651,06,93,4431,10,36,108Increase2.svg 42.8%1,38,127Increase2.svg 31.6% [169] [170]
2022–2319,56,0191,58,02,4531,77,58,472Increase2.svg 60.9%1,36,022Decrease2.svg 1.5% [171] [172]
2023–2424,68,6011,73,15,8161,97,84,417Increase2.svg 11.4%1,51,626Increase2.svg 11.5% [173] [174]
2024–2524,19,4661,94,11,6522,18,31,118Increase2.svg 10.3%1,65,617.9Increase2.svg 9.2% [175] [176]
Busiest domestic routes from CCU (2023–24) [177]
RankAirportCarriersDeparting passengers
1 Delhi Air India, IndiGo, SpiceJet, Akasa Air 13,07,098
2 Mumbai Air India, Akasa Air, IndiGo ,SpiceJet 974,952
3 Bengaluru Air India Express, Akasa Air, IndiGo 787,663
4 Guwahati IndiGo, SpiceJet, Alliance Air (India), Air India Express 489,113
5 Hyderabad Air India Express, IndiGo 437,479
6 Chennai Air India, Air India Express, IndiGo 427,764
7 Agartala IndiGo, Air India Express 413,052
8 Bagdogra SpiceJet, Air India Express, IndiGo 298,822
9 Bhubaneswar Alliance Air (India), IndiGo, Air India Express 246,389
10 Port Blair SpiceJet, Air India Express, IndiGo, Akasa Air 225,519
Busiest International routes from CCU (2023–24) [177]
RankAirportCarriersDeparting passengers
1 Dhaka Air India, Biman Bangladesh, Indigo, NovoAir, US-Bangla Airlines 2,60,277
3 Bangkok (BKK, DMK) Bhutan Airlines, Indigo, Spicejet,Thai Airways, Thai Smile Airways, Thai Air Asia 2,01,982
2 Dubai Emirates, Flydubai 1,92,424
4 Singapore IndiGo, Singapore Airlines 1,04,026
5 Doha Qatar Airways 75,364
6 Kuala Lumpur AirAsia, Batik Air Malaysia, Malaysia Airlines 61,930
7 Ho Chi Minh City IndiGo 22,580
8 Kathmandu Air India 20,930
9 Hanoi IndiGo 18,158
10 Phuket IndiGo, Thai AirAsia 15,405

Ground transport

Roads

The West Bengal Transport Corporation operates air conditioned buses to the airport. Kolkata airport.jpg
The West Bengal Transport Corporation operates air conditioned buses to the airport.

The airport has a well-established facility of prepaid taxis and air-conditioned buses connecting it to the city centre. Ride-hailing services including Uber and Ola operate here regularly. As part of the larger modernisation programme, a flyover at Nagerbazar and an entry ramp on VIP Road have also been constructed. A 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) flyover from Kestopur to Raghunathpur (near Tegharia) was built to speed up airport-bound traffic. These reduced journey times to the airport. [178] [179] Parking facilities at the new terminal include two underground parking levels accommodating 3000 cars, as well as an outdoor car parking that can handle an additional 2000 cars. [180] [181] [182]

West Bengal Transport Corporation (WBTC) operates air conditioned buses to major parts of Kolkata from 08:00 to 21:00 throughout the week. [183]

Metro

Jai Hind Metro Station Jai Hind Metro Station (Nov 2024-Apr 2025) time lapse pics 22.jpg
Jai Hind Metro Station

The airport is connected at Jai Hind metro station, which opened on 22 August 2025 with one Kolkata Metro line from Noapara (Yellow Line). [184] It is the largest underground metro station in India and the station will eventually also serve another line from New Garia (Orange Line). Both lines will converge at Jai Hind, with Orange line terminating at this station and Yellow Line moving towards Suripukur metro station.

Rail

Biman Bandar railway station remants Jai Hind Metro Station (Nov 2024-Apr 2025) time lapse pics 13.jpg
Biman Bandar railway station remants

The airport was connected to the Kolkata Suburban Railway system's circular line branch. The 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) long elevated track connected the airport Biman Bandar railway station with Dum Dum Cantonment railway station, passing Jessore Road. Electric multiple unit rolling stocks served the line. Due to poor patronage and plans to replace it with yellow Line metro service, the railway line was closed in September 2016 to facilitate construction of the new lines. [185] [186] The remaining infrastructure was dismantled in early 2020 to make space for road upgrades. [187] As of 2024, the iconic station building still exists as Kolkata metro Railways headquarters.

Presently, the nearest railway stations are Dum Dum Cantonment railway station and Durganagar railway station.

Awards

In 2014 and 2015, the airport won the title of Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific region awarded by the Airport Council International. The airport was awarded the Best Airport by Hygiene Measures in the Asia-Pacific in 2020 by Airports Council International. [188]

Accidents and incidents

On 2 May 1953, BOAC Flight 783 de Havilland Comet bound for Delhi crashed after takeoff from Calcutta Airport with the loss of 43 lives. Parts of the aircraft were found spread over an area of 8 km², near Jugalgari, a village some 25 miles north-west of Calcutta, suggesting disintegration before impact with the ground. [189]

On 12 June 1968, a Pan-Am Flight (N798PA, named Clipper Caribbean) Boeing 707-321C struck a tree 1128 m short of the runway during a night-time visual approach in rain. The aircraft subsequently crashed and caught fire. The fuselage remained largely intact, although the aircraft's landing gear broke off. Out of the 10 crew and 53 passengers aboard, one crew member and five passengers suffered fatal injuries due to the fire. [190] [191]

On 22 December 2015, a Jet Airways bus slammed into the side of an Air India Regional ATR 42-500 aircraft. There were no fatalities. An investigation revealed that the driver was sleeping. [192] [193]

See also

References

PD-icon.svg This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

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