Calcutta High Court

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Calcutta High Court
কলকাতা উচ্চ আদালত
Calcutta highcourt.jpg
Calcutta High Court building
Calcutta High Court
22°34′6″N88°20′36″E / 22.56833°N 88.34333°E / 22.56833; 88.34333
Established1 July 1862;162 years ago (1862-07-01)
Jurisdiction West Bengal and Andaman & Nicobar Islands
LocationPrincipal Seat: Kolkata, West Bengal
Circuit Benches: Jalpaiguri & Port Blair (A & N Islands)
Coordinates 22°34′6″N88°20′36″E / 22.56833°N 88.34333°E / 22.56833; 88.34333
Composition method Presidential with confirmation of Chief Justice of India and Governor of respective state.
Authorised by Constitution of India
Judge term lengthTill 62 years of age
Number of positions72
Website calcuttahighcourt.gov.in
Chief Justice
Currently T. S. Sivagnanam
Since11 May 2023

The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in India. [1] It is located at Esplanade Row West, Kolkata, West Bengal. It has jurisdiction over the state of West Bengal and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The High Court building's design is somewhat based on the Lakenhal (Cloth Hall) in Ypres in Flanders, Belgium. [2]

Contents

Currently, the court has a sanctioned judge strength of 72.

History

Calcutta High Court in the 1860s Calcutta High Court 1860.jpg
Calcutta High Court in the 1860s
Calcutta High Court in the 1890s Calcutta High Court in the 1890s.JPG
Calcutta High Court in the 1890s

The Calcutta High Court is one of the three High Courts in India established at the Presidency Towns by Letters patent granted by Queen Victoria, and is the oldest High Court in India. It was brought into existence as the High Court of Judicature at Fort William by the Letters Patent dated 14 May 1862, [3] issued under the High Courts Act, 1861, which was preceded by the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William. The court was formally opened on 1 July 1862. The building structure was designed by Walter Long Bozzi Granville.

Despite the name of the city having officially changed from Calcutta to Kolkata in 2001, the Court, as an institution retained the old name. The bill to rename it as Kolkata High Court was approved by the Union Cabinet on 5 July 2016 along with the renaming of its two other counterparts in Chennai and Mumbai. [4] The Bill called High Courts (Alteration of Names) Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 19 July 2016 [5] and is yet to be passed by both Houses of Parliament. Hence, the High Court still retains the old name.

Principal seat and benches

The seat of the Calcutta High Court is at Kolkata, capital of West Bengal. As per the Calcutta High Court (Extension of Jurisdiction) Act, 1953, the Calcutta High Court's jurisdiction was extended to cover Chandernagore (now called Chandannagar) and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands as of 2 May 1950. The Calcutta High Court extended its Circuit Bench in Port Blair, the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and in Jalpaiguri, the divisional headquarters of the North Bengal region. On 7 February 2019, President Ram Nath Kovind finalised the opening of the other circuit bench in Jalpaiguri, West Bengal with the jurisdiction area [6] within 5 districts- Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar and Cooch Behar.

Chief Justice

The current Chief Justice of the court is Justice T. S. Sivagnanam. [7] Sir Barnes Peacock was the first Chief Justice of the High Court. He assumed the charge when the court was founded on 1 July 1862. Justice Romesh Chandra Mitra was the first Indian officiating Chief Justice and Justice Phani Bhushan Chakravartti was the first Indian permanent Chief Justice of the court. The longest-serving Chief Justice was Justice Sankar Prasad Mitra.

List of chief justices

For chief justices of the previous Supreme Court of Bengal see Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William.

The court's first judges were


Chief JusticeTermNotes
7 Sir Elijah Impey [9] 16 March 17741791Recalled 1783
8 Sir Robert Chambers [9] 17911 Aug 1798previously Acting Chief Justice 1783–1791
9 Sir John Anstruther, Bt [9] 179822 Feb 1806
10 Sir Henry Russell [9] 18079 Nov 1813
11 Sir Edward Hyde East [9] 1813July 1822
12 Sir Robert Henry Blosset [9] 18221 Feb 1823(died in office)
13 Sir Christopher Puller [9] 182326 May 1824(died in office)
14 Sir Charles Grey [9] 18251832
15 Sir William O. Russell 22 Feb 18321833(died in office)
16 Sir Edward Ryan 18331842
17 Sir Lawrence Peel 18421855
18 Sir James William Colvile 18551859
19 Sir Barnes Peacock 18591862afterwards Chief Justice of the High Court of Calcutta

Justices

JusticesTermNotes
Stephen Caesar Le Maistre 22 October 17744 Nov 1777Died
John Hyde [9] 22 October 17748 July 1796Died
William Jones [9] 22 Oct 178327 Apr 1791Died
William Dunkin [9] 3 Sept 17911 Aug 1797Resigned
James Watson [9] 1 Mar 17962 May 1796Died
John Royds [9] 23 Oct 179726 Sept 1816Died
William Burroughs [9] 3 Nov 180620 Dec 1815Resigned
Francis Maonaghten [9] 1 Mar 18162 Mar 1825Resigned
Anthony Buller 26 Sept 18161 Jan 1827Resigned
John Franks 6 Oct 182515 Mar 1831Resigned
John Peter Grant 17 Oct 18331848
Benjamin Heath Malkin 6 Oct 183521 Oct 1837Died

List

#Chief JusticeTerm
Romesh Chandra Mitra 1861 —1861
1Sir Barnes Peacock 18621870
2Sir Richard Couch 18701875
3Sir Richard Garth 18751886
4Sir William Comer Petheram 18861896
5Sir Francis William Maclean 18961909
6Sir Lawrence Hugh Jenkins 19091915
7Sir Lancelot Sanderson 19151926
8Sir George Claus Rankin 19261934
9Sir Harold Derbyshire 19341946
10Sir Arthur Trevor Harries 19461952
After Indian Independence
11Shri Phani Bhusan Chakravartti 19521958
12Shri Kulada Charan Das Gupta 19581959
13Shri Surajit Chandra Lahiri 19591961
14Shri Himansu Kumar Bose 19611966
15Shri Deep Narayan Sinha 19661970
16Shri Prasanta Bihari Mukharji 19701972
17Shri Sankar Prasad Mitra 19721979
18Shri Amarendra Nath Sen 19791981
19Shri Sambhu Chandra Ghose 19811983
20Shri Samarendra Chandra Deb January 1983 February 1983
21Shri Satish Chandra19831986
22Shri Anil Kumar Sen September 1986 October 1986
23Shri Chittatosh Mookerjee 1 November 1986 1 November 1987
24Shri Debi Singh Tewatia 1 November 1987 1988
25Shri Prabodh Dinkarrao Desai 19881991
26Shri Nagendra Prasad Singh4 February 1992 14 June 1992
27Shri Anandamoy Bhattacharjee 19921994
28Shri Krishna Chandra Agarwal 19941996
29Shri V. N. Khare 2 February 1996 20 March 1997
30Shri Prabha Shankar Mishra 19971998
31Shri Ashok Kumar Mathur 22 December 1999 6 June 2004
32Shri V. S. Sirpurkar 20 March 2005 11 January 2007
33Shri Surinder Singh Nijjar 8 March 2007 16 November 2009
34Shri Mohit Shantilal Shah 24 December 2009 25 June 2010
35Shri Jai Narayan Patel 2010 4 October 2012
36Shri Arun Kumar Mishra 14 December 2012 6 July 2014
37Smt. Manjula Chellur 5 August 2014 21 August 2016
38Shri Girish Chandra Gupta 21 September 2016 30 November 2016
39Shri Jyotirmay Bhattacharya 1 May 2018 24 September 2018
40Shri Debasish Kar Gupta 30 October 2018 – 31 December 2018
41Shri Thottathil B. Radhakrishnan 4 April 2019 — 28 April 2021
42Shri Prakash Shrivastava 11 October 2021 — 30 March 2023
43Shri T. S. Sivagnanam 11 May 2023 — Incumbent

Judges

The court has a Sanctioned strength of 72 (Permanent:54, Additional:18) judges.

Judges Elevated to the Supreme Court of India-

Sr. NoName of the Judge, JusticeDate of ElevationDate of RetirementParent High Court
1 Aniruddha Bose 24 May 201910 April 2024Calcutta
2 Dipankar Datta 12 December 20228 February 2030Calcutta

Judges Transferred/Elevated from the Calcutta High Court-

Sr. No.Name of the Judge, JusticeRecruitmentDate of AppointmentDate of RetirementRemark
1 Biswanath Somadder BAR22 June 200614 December 2025 Chief Justice of Sikkim High Court
2 Sanjib Banerjee BAR22 June 20061 November 2023 Chief Justice of Meghalaya High Court

Sitting Judges of Calcutta High Court-

Building

The neo-Gothic High Court building was constructed in 1872, ten years after the establishment of the court itself. The design, by then government architect Walter Granville, was loosely modelled on the 13th-century Cloth Hall at Ypres, Belgium. [2] In 1977 another building named High Court Centenary Building or annexed building was inaugurated to reduce the pressure. [10]

Connectivity

Rails

Eden Gardens railway station is the nearest railway station, which is 650 meters away from the court. Esplanade metro station, the nearest rapid rail transit is 1.3 km away.[ citation needed ]

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References

  1. "Which is the oldest High Court in India?". TimesNow. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  2. 1 2 "Court's official website". Archived from the original on 6 March 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2007.
  3. A Brief History about Calcutta High Court
  4. "Cabinet renames high courts in Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai". 5 July 2016.
  5. PTI (20 July 2016). "Govt. moves Bill to change names of High Courts". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  6. "Orders/notification of establishment of a bench of Calcutta High Court at Jalpaiguri (English/ Hindi) (07.02.2019)" (PDF). Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  7. "Chief Justices appointed to Five High Courts [Read Notifications] - Bar & Bench". Bar & Bench. 24 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  8. Curley, Thomas M. (1998). Sir Robert Chambers: Law, Literature, and Empire in the Age of Johnson . University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN   0299151506.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Auber, Peter. An Analysis of the Constitution of the East-India Company. p. 758.
  10. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND. "CITY SESSIONS COURT, CALCUTTA". calcuttahighcourt.nic.in. Archived from the original on 9 February 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2017.