Chief Justice of India

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Chief Justice of India
Head of highest judicial authority in India
Insignia of the Supreme Court of India.svg
Insignia of the SCI
Flag of the Supreme Court of India.webp
Supreme court Flag
B R Gavai.jpg
since 14 May 2025
Supreme Court
Type Chief Justice
StatusPresiding Judge of Supreme Court of India
AbbreviationCJI
Residence 5, Krishna Menon Marg, Sunehri Bagh, New Delhi, India [1]
Seat Supreme Court of India, New Delhi, India
NominatorOutgoing Chief Justice of India, generally on the basis of Seniority
Appointer President of India
Term length Until the age of 65 [2]
Constituting instrument Constitution of India (under Article 124)
Formation26 January 1950;75 years ago (1950-01-26)
First holder H. J. Kania (1950–1951) [3]
Succession6th (on the Indian order of precedence)
Salary280,000 (US$3,300) (per month) [4]
Website sci.gov.in

The chief justice of India (CJI) is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of India and the highest-ranking officer of the Indian judiciary. The Constitution of India grants power to the President of India to appoint, as recommended by the outgoing chief justice in consultation with other judges, (as envisaged in Article 124 (2) of the Constitution) [5] the next chief justice, who will serve until they reach the age of 65 or are removed by the constitutional process of impeachment.

Contents

The CJI ranks 6th in the Order of Precedence of India [6] and as per convention, the successor suggested by the incumbent chief justice is most often the next most senior judge of the Supreme Court. However, this convention has been broken twice. In 1973, Justice A. N. Ray was appointed, superseding three senior judges, and in 1977 when Justice Mirza Hameedullah Beg was appointed as Chief Justice, superseding Justice Hans Raj Khanna.

As head of the Supreme Court, the chief justice is responsible for the allocation of cases and appointment of constitutional benches that deal with important matters of law. [7] In accordance with Article 145 of the Constitution of India and the Supreme Court Rules of Procedure of 1966, the chief justice has to allocate work to the other judges who are bound to refer the matter back to them (for re-allocation) in any case where they require it to be looked into by another group of experienced judges.

On the administrative side, the chief justice carries out functions of maintenance of the roster, appointment of court officials, and general and miscellaneous matters relating to the supervision and functioning of the Supreme Court. The chief justice is de facto chancellor of National Law School of India University and The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences. [8]

The 52nd and present chief justice is Bhushan Gavai. Sworn in on 14 May, 2025, he became the first Buddhist to hold this post. He will have a 6 months term which is due to end on November 23, 2025. [9]

Appointment

As the incumbent chief justice approaches retirement, the Ministry of Law and Justice seeks a recommendation from the incumbent chief justice. Consultations with other judges might also take place. The recommendation is then presented to the prime minister, who will advice the president in the matter of appointment. [10]

Removal

Article 124(4) of the Constitution of India lays down the procedure for the removal of a judge of the Supreme Court, which is applicable to chief justices as well. Once appointed, the chief justice remains in office until age 65. There is no fixed tenure provided in the constitution. [ citation needed ] He can be removed only through a process of removal by Parliament as follows:

A Judge of the Supreme Court shall not be removed from his office except by an order of the President passed after an address by each House of Parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting has been presented to the President in the same session for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity.

Article 124(4), Constitution of India, [11]

Acting president

The President (Discharge of Functions) Act, 1969 specifies the chief justice of India shall act as the president of India in the event of the offices of both the president and the vice president being vacant. [12] When President Zakir Hussain died in office, Vice President V. V. Giri acted as the president. Later, V. V. Giri resigned as the vice president, the chief justice, Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah became the acting president of India. As per the convention, the senior most judge of the Supreme Court become the acting chief justice. When the newly elected president took office a month later, Justice Hidayatullah reverted as the chief justice of India.

Remuneration

The Constitution of India gives the power of deciding remuneration as well as other conditions of service of the chief justice to the Parliament of India. Accordingly, such provisions have been laid down in The Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Act, 1958. [13] [14] This remuneration was revised in 2006–2008 after the Sixth Central Pay Commission's recommendation. [15] According to the Seventh pay commission, in 2016, the salary was revised. [16]

List of chief justices of India

Key
Died in office
Resigned
No.Name
(birth–death)
ImageStart of TermEnd of TermLength of TermParent High Court Appointed by
(President of India)
Date of appointment as judge inPrevious offices as Chief Justice of High courtNominated as Judge inRef.
Supreme CourtParent High CourtSupreme Court by (CJI)Parent High Court by (CJI)
1 Harilal Jekisundas Kania
(1890–1951)
Justice H. J. Kania.jpg 26 January 19506 November 19511 year, 284 days Bombay Rajendra Prasad 28 January 19501933------ [17]
2 Mandakolathur Patanjali Sastri
(1889–1963)
Justice M. Patanjali Sastri.jpg 7 November 19513 January 19542 years, 57 days Madras 28 January 195015 March 1939------ [18]
3 Mehr Chand Mahajan
(1889–1967)
Justice Mehr Chand Mahajan.jpg 4 January 195422 December 1954352 days Lahore 28 January 19501943------ [19]
4 Bijan Kumar Mukherjea
(1891–1956)
Justice Bijan Kumar Mukherjea.jpg 23 December 195431 January 19561 year, 39 days Calcutta 28 January 1950November 1936------ [20]
5 Sudhi Ranjan Das
(1894–1977)
Justice Sudhi Ranjan Das.jpg 1 February 195630 September 19593 years, 241 days Calcutta 28 January 195019422nd CJ of Punjab HC ---- [21]
6 Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha
(1899–1986)
Justice Bhuvneshwar Prasad Sinha.jpg 1 October 195931 January 19644 years, 122 days Patna 3 December 19541943 CJ of Nagpur HC M. C. Mahajan -- [22]
7 Pralhad Balacharya Gajendragadkar
(1901–1981)
Justice P.B. Gajendragadkar.jpg 1 February 196415 March 19662 years, 42 days Bombay Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 17 January 19571945-- S. R. Das -- [23]
8 Amal Kumar Sarkar
(1901–2001)
Justice A.K. Sarkar.jpg 16 March 196629 June 1966105 days Calcutta 4 March 1957January 1949---- [24]
9 Koka Subba Rao
(1902–1976)
Justice K. Subba Rao.jpg 30 June 196611 April 1967285 days Madras 31 January 1958March 1948 CJ of Unified Andhra Pradesh HC-- [25]
10 Kailas Nath Wanchoo
(1903–1988)
Justice K.N. Wanchoo.jpg 12 April 196724 February 1968318 days Allahabad 11 August 1958February 19472nd CJ of Rajasthan HC -- [26]
11 Mohammed Hidayatullah
(1905–1992) [a]
Mohammad Hidayatullah, 6th Vice President of India.jpg 25 February 196816 December 19702 years, 294 days Nagpur Zakir Hussain 1 December 195819461st CJ of Madhya Pradesh HC -- [27]
12

Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah
(1906–1991)

Justice J.C. Shah.jpg 17 December 197021 January 197135 days Bombay V. V. Giri 12 October 19591949-- B. P. Sinha -- [28]
13 Sarv Mittra Sikri
(1908–1992)
Justice S.M. Sikri.jpg 22 January 197125 April 19732 years, 93 days Bar Council 3 February 1964N/AN/A P. B. Gajendragadkar N/A [29]
14 Ajit Nath Ray
(1912–2009)
Justice A.N. Ray.jpg 26 April 197328 January 19773 years, 276 days Calcutta 1 August 1969Not known-- M. Hidayatullah -- [30]
15 Mirza Hameedullah Beg
(1913–1988)
Justice M. Hameedullah Beg.jpg 29 January 197721 February 19781 year, 24 days Allahabad Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 10 December 197111 June 19631st CJ of Himachal Pradesh HC S. M. Sikri B. P. Sinha [31]
16 Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud
(1920–2008)
Justice Y.V. Chandrachud.jpg 22 February 197811 July 19857 years, 139 days Bombay Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 28 August 197219 March 1961-- [32]
17 Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati
(1921–2017)
Justice P.N. Bhagwati.jpg 12 July 198520 December 19861 year, 161 days Gujarat Zail Singh 17 July 197321 July 19605th CJ of Gujarat HC A. N. Ray [33]
18 Raghunandan Swarup Pathak
(1924–2007)
Justice R.S. Pathak.jpg 21 December 198618 June 19892 years, 179 days Allahabad 20 February 19781 October 19622nd CJ of Himachal Pradesh HC M. H. Beg [34]
19 Engalaguppe Seetharamiah Venkataramiah
(1924–1997)
Justice E.S. Venkataramiah.jpg 19 June 198917 December 1989181 days Karnataka R. Venkataraman 8 March 197925 June 1970-- Y. V. Chandrachud M. Hidayatullah [35]
20 Sabyasachi Mukharji
(1927–1990)
Justice Sabyasachi Mukherjee.jpg 18 December 198925 September 1990281 days Calcutta 15 March 198331 July 1968-- [36]
21 Ranganath Misra
(1926–2012)
Justice Ranganath Misra.jpg 26 September 199024 November 19911 year, 59 days Orissa 4 July 196910th CJ of Orissa HC [37]
22 Kamal Narain Singh
(1926–2022)
Justice K.N. Singh.jpg 25 November 199112 December 199117 days Allahabad 10 March 198625 August 1970-- P. N. Bhagwati [38]
23 Madhukar Hiralal Kania
(1927–2016)
Justice M.H. Kania.jpg 13 December 199117 November 1992340 days Bombay 1 May 19874 November 196924th CJ of Bombay HC R. S. Pathak [39]
24 Lalit Mohan Sharma
(1928–2008)
Justice L.M. Sharma.jpg 18 November 199211 February 199385 days Patna Shankar Dayal Sharma 5 October 198712 April 1973-- S. M. Sikri [40]
25 Manepalli Narayanarao Venkatachaliah
(born 1929)
Justice M.N. Venkatachaliah.jpg 12 February 199324 October 19941 year, 254 days Karnataka 6 November 1975-- A. N. Ray [41]
26 Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi
(1932–2023)
Justice A.M. Ahmadi.jpg 25 October 199424 March 19972 years, 150 days Gujarat 14 December 19882 September 1976-- [42]
27 Jagdish Sharan Verma
(1933–2013)
Justice J.S. Verma.jpg 25 March 199717 January 1998298 days Madhya Pradesh 3 June 198912 September 197210th CJ of Madhya Pradesh HC
16th CJ of Rajasthan HC
S. M. Sikri [43]
28 Madan Mohan Punchhi
(1933–2015)
Justice M.M. Punchhi.jpg 18 January 19989 October 1998264 days Punjab and Haryana K. R. Narayanan 6 October 198924 October 1979-- E. S. Venkataramiah Y. V. Chandrachud [44]
29 Adarsh Sein Anand
(1936–2017)
Justice A.S. Anand.jpg 10 October 199831 October 20013 years, 21 days Jammu and Kashmir 18 November 199126 May 197514th CJ of Jammu and Kashmir HC
24th CJ of Madras HC
Ranganath Misra A. N. Ray [45]
30 Sam Piroj Bharucha
(born 1937)
Justice S.P. Bharucha.jpg 1 November 20015 May 2002185 days Bombay 1 July 199219 September 197713th CJ of Karnataka HC M. H. Kania M. H. Beg [46]
31 Bhupinder Nath Kirpal
(born 1937)
Justice B.N. Kirpal.jpg 6 May 20027 November 2002185 days Delhi 11 September 199520 November 197913th CJ of Gujarat HC A. M. Ahmadi Y. V. Chandrachud [47]
32 Gopal Ballav Pattanaik
(born 1937)
Justice G.B. Pattanaik.jpg 8 November 200218 December 200240 days Orissa A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 1 June 198327th CJ of Patna HC [48]
33 Vishweshwar Nath Khare
(born 1939)
Justice V.N. Khare.jpg 19 December 20021 May 20041 year, 134 days Allahabad 21 March 199725 June 198329th CJ of Calcutta HC [49]
34 S. Rajendra Babu
(born 1939)
Justice S. Rajendra Babu, Judge of the Supreme Court of India who will take over as Chief Justice of India on May 2, 2004 as the Chief Justice of India (cropped).jpg 2 May 200431 May 200429 days Karnataka 25 September 199719 February 1988-- J. S. Verma R. S. Pathak [50]
35 Ramesh Chandra Lahoti
(1940–2022)
Justice R.C. Lahoti.jpg 1 June 200431 October 20051 year, 152 days Madhya Pradesh 9 December 19983 May 1988-- A. S. Anand [51]
36 Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal
(1942–2015)
Justice Y.K. Sabharwal.jpg 1 November 200513 January 20071 year, 73 days Delhi 28 January 200017 November 198631st CJ of Bombay HC P. N. Bhagwati [52]
37 Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan
(born 1945)
Justice K.G. Balakrishnan.jpg 14 January 200711 May 20103 years, 117 days Kerala 8 June 200026 September 198516th CJ of Gujarat HC
29th CJ of Madras HC
[53]
38 Sarosh Homi Kapadia
(1947–2016)
Justice S.H. Kapadia.jpg 12 May 201028 September 20122 years, 139 days Bombay Pratibha Patil 18 December 20038 October 19912nd CJ of Uttarakhand HC V. N. Khare Ranganath Misra [54]
39 Altamas Kabir
(1948–2017)
Justice Altamas Kabir.jpg 29 September 201218 July 2013292 days Calcutta Pranab Mukherjee 9 September 20056 August 19903rd CJ of Jharkhand HC R. C. Lahoti Sabyasachi Mukharji [55]
40 Palanisamy Sathasivam
(born 1949)
Justice P. Sathasivam.jpg 19 July 201326 April 2014281 days Madras 21 August 20078 August 1996-- K. G. Balakrishnan A. M. Ahmadi [56]
41 Rajendra Mal Lodha
(born 1949)
Justice R. M. Lodha.jpg 27 April 201427 September 2014153 days Rajasthan 17 December 200831 January 199433rd CJ of Patna HC M. N. Venkatachaliah [57]
42 Handyala Lakshminarayanaswamy Dattu
(born 1950)
Justice H. L. Dattu BNC.jpg 28 September 20142 December 20151 year, 65 days Karnataka 18 December 19956th CJ of Chhattisgarh HC
27th CJ of Kerala HC
A. M. Ahmadi [58]
43 Tirath Singh Thakur
(born 1952)
Justice T. S. Thakur.jpg 3 December 20153 January 20171 year, 31 days Jammu and Kashmir 17 November 200916 February 199428th CJ of Punjab and Haryana HC M. N. Venkatachaliah [59]
44 Jagdish Singh Khehar
(born 1952)
Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar (cropped).jpg 4 January 201727 August 2017235 days Punjab and Haryana 11 September 20118 February 19997th CJ of Uttarakhand HC
25th CJ of Karnataka HC
S. H. Kapadia A. S. Anand [60]
45 Dipak Misra
(born 1953)
The Chief Justice of India, Justice Shri Dipak Misra during the 24th Foundation Day Function of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), in New Delhi on October 12, 2017 (cropped).jpg 28 August 20172 October 20181 year, 35 days Orissa Ram Nath Kovind 10 October 201117 January 199636th CJ of Patna HC
25th CJ of Delhi HC
A. M. Ahmadi [61]
46 Ranjan Gogoi
(born 1954)
Hon'ble Justice Ranjan Gogoi.jpg 3 October 201817 November 20191 year, 45 days Gauhati 23 April 201228 February 200130th CJ of Punjab and Haryana HC A. S. Anand [62]
47 Sharad Arvind Bobde
(born 1956)
Hon'ble Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde.jpg 18 November 2019 [63] 23 April 20211 year, 156 days Bombay 12 April 201329 March 200021st CJ of Madhya Pradesh HC Altamas Kabir [64]
48 Nuthalapati Venkata Ramana
(born 1957)
Justice N.V. Ramana.jpg 24 April 202126 August 20221 year, 124 days Andhra Pradesh 17 February 201427 June 200027th CJ of Delhi HC P. Sathasivam [65]
49 Uday Umesh Lalit
(born 1957)
Justice Uday Umesh Lalit.jpg 27 August 20228 November 202273 days Bar Council Droupadi Murmu 13 August 2014N/AN/A R. M. Lodha N/A [66]
50 Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud
(born 1959)
Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud.jpg 9 November 202210 November 20242 years, 1 day Bombay 13 May 201629 March 200045th CJ of Allahabad HC T. S. Thakur A. S. Anand [67]
51 Sanjiv Khanna
(born 1960)
Chief Justice Sanjiv Khanna.jpg 11 November 202413 May 2025183 days Delhi 18 January 201924 June 2005-- Ranjan Gogoi R. C. Lahoti [68]
52 Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai
(born 1960)
B R Gavai.jpg 14 May 2025Incumbent125 days Bombay 24 May 201914 November 2003-- V. N. Khare [69]

See also

Current Judiciary

Notes

References

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