Purnia district

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Purnia.

Purnia district
District of Bihar
Saura river near Purnia
Location of Purnia district in Bihar
Country	India
State	Bihar
Region	Mithila
Division	Purnia
Established	14 February 1770
Headquarters	Purnia
Tehsils	Purnia East Kasba Krityanand Nagar Srinagar Jalalgarh Dagarua Baisi Amour Baisa Banmankhi Dhamdaha Bhawanipur Barhara Kothi Rupauli
Government
•  District Magistrate	Mr. Kundan Kumar, IAS [1]
•  Lok Sabha constituencies	Purnia, Katihar, Araria and Kishanganj
•  Vidhan Sabha constituencies	Amour, Baisi, Kasba, Banmankhi, Rupauli, Dhamdaha, Purnia,
Area
• Total	3,229 km2 (1,247 sq mi)
Population  (2011)
• Total	3,264,619
• Density	1,000/km2 (2,600/sq mi)
Demographics
•  Literacy	72.09 per cent
• Sex ratio	921
• Major ethnolinguistic group	Maithils [2]
Language
• Official	Hindi [3]
• Additional official	Urdu [3]
• Regional Languages	Maithili
Time zone	UTC+05:30 (IST)
Vehicle registration	BR-11
Major highways	NH 27 NH 31 NH 231 NH 131A
Major Railway Lines	Barauni-Katihar, Saharsa and Purnia sections Barauni-Guwahati line
Website	purnea.nic.in

Purnia District is one of the thirty-eight districts of the Indian state of Bihar. The city of Purnia is the administrative headquarters of this district. The city of Purnia has continued its tradition of hoisting the national flag at 12:07 am on every Independence Day since 1947. Purnia district is a part of Purnia Division. The district extends northwards from the Ganges river.

History

Purnia is part of the Mithila region. ^[4] Mithila first gained prominence after it was settled by Indo-Aryan peoples who established the Mithila Kingdom (also called Kingdom of the Videhas). ^[5]

During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videha became one of the major political and cultural centers of Ancient India, along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The kings of the Videha Kingdom were called Janakas. ^[6] The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the Vajji confederacy, which had its capital in the city of Vaishali, which is also in Mithila. ^[7]

During the Mughal rule, Purnea was an outlying military province, and its revenue was mostly spent on protecting its borders against tribes from the north and east. ^[8] After the capture of Calcutta in 1757, Purnia's local governor raised a rebellion against Siraj ud-Daulah. In 1765, the district became a British possession, along with the rest of Bengal. ^[9] On February 14, 1770 the district of Purnia in modern history was formed by the East India Company. ^[10]

Purnia is known for its uniquely designed organization, Ramakrishna Mission, where the festival Durga Puja is celebrated in October. Another attraction in the city of Purnia is the oldest temple of Mata Puran Devi which is 5 km away from the main city. It is theorized that Purnia received its name from this temple. Other theories also describe how Purnia received its name; which is, that in the past Purnia was named Purna– Aranya, which stands for "complete jungle."

Three districts were partitioned off from Purnia district: Katihar in 1976, ^[11] Araria and Kishanganj in 1990. ^[11]

Geography

Purnia district occupies 3,229 square kilometres (1,247 sq mi), ^[12] comparable to the Solomon Islands' Makira Island. ^[13] It is a depressed tract, consisting for the most part of a rich, loamy alluvial soil. It is traversed by several rivers flowing from the Himalayas, which afford great advantages of irrigation and water-carriage. Its major rivers are the Kosi, the Mahananda, the Suwara Kali, the Kari kosi, the Saura and the Koli. In the west, the soil is thickly covered with sand deposited by changes in the course of the Kosi. Among other rivers are the Mahananda and the Panar. Its major agricultural products are jute, maize and banana.

Divisions

Purnia district has four subdivisions: Purnea Sadar, Banmankhi, Baisi and Dhamdaha.

Blocks

They are further divided into fourteen blocks:

• Purnia East
• Kasba
• Jalalgarh
• Krityanand Nagar
• Srinagar
• Banmankhi
• Dhamdaha
• Barhara Kothi
• Bhawanipur
• Rupauli
• Baisi
• Baisa
• Amour
• Dagarua

These contain 246 panchayats with 1,450 villages.

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1901	478,222	—
1911	513,879	+0.72%
1921	548,740	+0.66%
1931	593,534	+0.79%
1941	646,133	+0.85%
1951	685,744	+0.60%
1961	938,810	+3.19%
1971	1,191,510	+2.41%
1981	1,518,223	+2.45%
1991	1,878,885	+2.15%
2001	2,543,942	+3.08%
2011	3,264,619	+2.53%
source: [14]

According to the 2011 census Purnia district has a population of 3,264,619, ^[15] roughly equal to the nation of Mauritania ^[16] or the US state of Iowa. ^[17] This gives it a ranking of 105th in India (out of a total of 640). ^[15] The district has a population density of 1,014 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,630/sq mi). ^[15] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 28.66%. ^[15] Purnia has a sex ratio of 930 females for every 1000 males, ^[15] and a literacy rate of 58.23%. 10.51% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 11.98% and 4.27% of the population respectively. ^[15]

Religions in Purnia district (2011) [18]
Religion			Percent
Hinduism			60.94%
Islam			38.46%
Other or not stated			0.60%

Hindus are the majority community, but Muslims are majority in the eastern blocks. ^[18]

Block	Hindu %	Muslim %	Other %
Banmankhi	86.19	13.33	0.48
Barhara	90.37	9.11	0.52
Bhawanipur	75.48	24.07	0.45
Rupauli	89.20	10.57	0.23
Dhamdaha	84.32	14.55	1.13
Krityanand Nagar	67.07	32.03	0.9
Purnia East	68.52	30.26	1.22
Kasba	41.63	58.08	0.29
Srinagar	65.91	33.69	0.4
Jalalgarh	53.41	46.28	0.31
Amour	22.58	76.93	0.49
Baisa	27.76	71.94	0.3
Baisi	22.37	77.32	0.31
Dagarua	37.17	62.55	0.28

Languages in Purnia district (2011) ^[19]

   Hindi (33.68%)

   Urdu (18.62%)

  'Other' Hindi (18.53%)

   Maithili (10.72%)

   Surjapuri (8.73%)

   Bengali (4.51%)

   Santali (2.50%)

  Others (2.71%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 33.68% of the population in the district spoke Hindi, 18.62% Urdu, 10.72% Maithili, 8.73% Surjapuri, 4.51% Bengali and 2.50% Santali as their first language. 18.53% spoke languages recorded as 'Others' under Hindi on the census. ^[19]

Politics

This section is transcluded from 17th Bihar Assembly. (edit | history)

District	No.	Constituency	Name	Party		Alliance		Remarks
Purnia	56	Amour	Akhtarul Iman		AIMIM		None
	57	Baisi	Syed Ruknuddin Ahmad		RJD		MGB	Switched from AIMIM to RJD [20]
	58	Kasba	Md Afaque Alam		INC		MGB
	59	Banmankhi	Krishna Kumar Rishi		BJP		NDA
	60	Rupauli	Bima Bharti		JD(U)		NDA	Switched from JD(U) to RJD.
			Shankar Singh		Independent		None	Elected on 13 July 2024 in By-election 2024
	61	Dhamdaha	Leshi Singh		JD(U)		NDA
	62	Purnia	Vijay Kumar Khemka		BJP		NDA

Economy

Recently, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation has started exploring Purnia basin for crude oil and Natural gas reserves. Estimations show that there might be about 465 million tonnes of reserves in the basin. ^{[21] [22]}

Culture

Shrines

Some major Hindu temples of Purnea are Puran Devi temple; which is sometimes credited for the name of the city, the Kali Mandir of old Purnia city on the bank of Saura river, the Maata Asthan in Chunapur, Panchmukhi Temple in line bazaar, the Rani Sati Mandir in Kasba, Prahlad Stambh in Banmankhi, and Dhima Shiv Mandir in Dhima, Banmankhi. The city also has the Darghah of Hazrat Mustafa Jamalul Haque Bandagi, Chimni Bazar. An "Urs" in the form of Mela (village fair) is organized on the 7th day after Eid-Ul-Azha and continues up to 3 days every year. The 'Dargah and Khanquah Alia Mustafia' is located 7 km away from the main city. It is famous for spirituality, communal harmony and Sufism. Its history extends for 400 years, when Hazrat Bandagi came from Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh visiting several Khanqahs and Dargahs across India such as the Pandawa Sharif, the Bihar Sharif, etc. The Darghah is playing a major role to spread culture, education, kindness, secularism and spiritual spirits in Northeast Bihar since its establishment. Deorhi at Garbanili (Purnea) hosts the ruins of Kala Bhawan the ancient Darbar (Palace) of Raja Kalanand Singh, where his successor still lives.

The Jalalgadh Fort is a place of historical importance situated in Jalalgadh division.

River

Purnia District in the Indian state of Bihar is primarily drained by two major rivers:

• Kosi River: The Kosi River, often referred to as the "Sorrow of Bihar" due to its history of flooding, flows through Purnia District. It is an important river in the region and has a significant impact on the local landscape and livelihoods.
• Mahane River: The Mahane River is another prominent river in Purnia District. It is a tributary of the Kosi River and contributes to the overall drainage system of the area.

These rivers play a crucial role in the agricultural and ecological dynamics of Purnia District and are essential water sources for the local population.

References

1. "बिहार: पूर्णिया में SDM रहे कुंदन कुमार की Dm के रूप में वापसी, पीएम अवार्ड से सम्मानित, जानिए कारनामे".
2. "Election Results in Hindi (चुनाव परिणाम): West Bengal, Kerala, Assam, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry Election News in Hindi".
3. "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
4. Jha, Makhan (21 September 1997). Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. ISBN   9788175330344 – via Google Books.
5. Michael Witzel (1989), Tracing the Vedic dialects in Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes ed. Caillat, Paris, pages 13, 17 116–124, 141–143
6. Witzel, M. (1989). "Tracing the Vedic dialects". In Caillat, C. (ed.). Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes. Paris: Fondation Hugot. pp. 141–143.
7. Hemchandra, R. (1972). Political History of Ancient India. Calcutta: University of Calcutta.
8. "Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 20, page 414 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library". dsal.uchicago.edu.
9. "Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 20, page 415 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library". dsal.uchicago.edu.
10. "Purnia district foundation day - Times of India". The Times of India . 15 February 2012.
11. Law, Gwillim (2011-09-25). "Districts of India". Statoids. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
12. Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1118–1119. ISBN   978-81-230-1617-7.{{cite book}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
13. "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 1998-02-18. Retrieved 2011-10-11. Makira 3,190km2
14. "Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Bihar" (PDF). census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
15. "District Census Handbook: Purnia" (PDF). Census of India . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
16. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2011-10-01. Mauritania 3,681,634 July 2011 est.
17. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30. Iowa 3,046,355
18. "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Bihar". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
19. "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Bihar". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
20. "Bihar: Four of five AIMIM MLAs join RJD, making it single-largest party again with 80 seats". The Indian Express. 2022-06-30. Retrieved 2022-07-09.
21. Shankar, A. (2007-02-15). "ONGC eyes Bihar for oil exploration". Business Standard India. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
22. "ONGC walks away with all 7 oil, gas blocks on offer in latest bid round". The Financial Express. 2020-01-02. Retrieved 2021-01-10.

External links

• Official website
• Purnia Information Portal

List of Freedom Fighters of Purnea District

1. Shri Jibatsh Sharma 'Himanshu' native of Kajha Village, Block Krityanand Nagar, District Purnea

2.Fuleshwar Prasad Yadav,Native of Rikabganj Village Block Krityanand Nagar District Purnia