States and union territories of India

Not to be confused with Administrative divisions of India.

"Indian state" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Indiana or Indian Territory.

States and union territories of India
Category	Federated states
Location	Republic of India
Number	28 States 8 Union territories
Populations	States: Sikkim - 610,577 (lowest); Uttar Pradesh - 199,812,341(highest) Union Territories: Lakshadweep - 64,473 (lowest); Delhi - 16,787,941 (highest)
Areas	States: 3,702 km2 (1,429 sq mi) Goa  – 342,269 km2 (132,151 sq mi) Rajasthan Union territories: 32 km2 (12 sq mi) Lakshadweep  – 59,146 km2 (22,836 sq mi) Ladakh
Government	State governments, Union government (Union territories)
Subdivisions	Districts, Divisions

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India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and smaller administrative divisions.

States and union territories of India ordered by
Area Population GDP (per capita) Abbreviations Capitals Child nutrition Crime rate Electricity penetration Fertility rate Forest cover Ease of doing business rank Highest point HIV awareness HDI Home ownership Household size Human trafficking Institutional delivery Life expectancy at birth Literacy rate Media exposure Number of vehicles Number of voters Obesity Open defecation Origin of name Places of worship Poverty Power capacity Access to safe drinking water Safety of women School enrollment rate Sex ratio Suicides Tax revenues TV ownership Toilet availability Transport network Underweight people Unemployment Vaccination coverage
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Responsibilities and authorities

The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any State between the Union and that State. ^[1]

History

Administrative division of India in 1951

Pre-independence

Main article: Presidencies and provinces of British India

The Indian subcontinent has been ruled by many different ethnic groups throughout its history, each instituting their own policies of administrative division in the region. ^{[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [ excessive citations ]} During the British Raj, the preceding (Moghul) administrative structure was mostly kept, and India was divided into provinces (also called Presidencies) that were directly governed by the British and princely states which were nominally controlled by a local prince or raja loyal to the British Empire, which held de facto sovereignty (suzerainty) over the princely states.

1947–1950

Between 1947 and 1950 the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the Indian Union. Most were merged into existing provinces; others were organised into new provinces, such as Rajputana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Bharat, and Vindhya Pradesh, made up of multiple princely states; a few, including Mysore, Hyderabad, Bhopal, and Bilaspur, became separate provinces. The new Constitution of India, which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India a sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States". ^[13] The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states:^{[ citation needed ]}

• Part A states, which were the former governors' provinces of British India, were ruled by an elected governor and state legislature. The nine Part A states were Assam, Bihar, Bombay, Madhya Pradesh (formerly Central Provinces and Berar), Madras, Orissa, Punjab (formerly East Punjab), Uttar Pradesh (formerly the United Provinces), and West Bengal (formerly part of Bengal Province).
• The eight Part B states were former princely states or groups of princely states, governed by a rajpramukh, who was usually the ruler of a constituent state, and an elected legislature. The rajpramukh was appointed by the President of India. The Part B states were Hyderabad, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Bharat, Mysore, Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU), Rajasthan, Saurashtra, and Travancore-Cochin.
• The ten Part C states included both the former chief commissioners' provinces and some princely states, and each was governed by a chief commissioner appointed by the President of India. The Part C states were Ajmer, Bhopal, Bilaspur, Coorg, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Cutch, Manipur, Tripura, and Vindhya Pradesh.
• The only Part D state was the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which were administered by a lieutenant governor appointed by the central government.

States reorganization (1951–1956)

The Union Territory of Puducherry was created in 1954 comprising the previous French enclaves of Pondichéry, Karaikal, Yanam and Mahé. ^[14] Andhra State was created on 1 October 1953 from the Telugu-speaking northern districts of Madras State. ^[15]

The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 reorganised the states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states. ^[16] As a result of this act, Madras State retained its name with Kanyakumari district added to form Travancore-Cochin. Andhra Pradesh was created with the merger of Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking districts of Hyderabad State in 1956. Kerala was created with the merger of Malabar district and the Kasaragod taluk of South Canara districts of Madras State with Travancore-Cochin. Mysore State was re-organized with the addition of districts of Bellary and South Canara (excluding Kasaragod taluk) and the Kollegal taluk of Coimbatore district from the Madras State, the districts of Belgaum, Bijapur, North Canara and Dharwad from Bombay State, the Kannada-majority districts of Bidar, Raichur and Gulbarga from Hyderabad State and the province of Coorg. The Laccadive Islands which were divided between South Canara and Malabar districts of Madras State were united and organised into the union territory of Lakshadweep.

Bombay State was enlarged by the addition of Saurashtra State and Kutch State, the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur Division of Madhya Pradesh and Marathwada region of Hyderabad State. Rajasthan and Punjab gained territories from Ajmer and Patiala and East Punjab States Union respectively and certain territories of Bihar was transferred to West Bengal.

Post-1956

Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act. ^[17] Nagaland was formed on 1 December 1963. ^[18] The Punjab Reorganisation Act of 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and the transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh. ^[19] The act also designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana. ^{[20] [21]}

Madras state was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1968. North-eastern states of Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972. ^[22] Mysore State was renamed as Karnataka in 1973. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished. ^[23] In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while Goa's northern exclaves of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli became separate union territories. ^[24]

In November 2000, three new states were created; namely, Chhattisgarh from eastern Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal from northwest Uttar Pradesh (renamed Uttarakhand in 2007) and Jharkhand from southern districts of Bihar. ^{[25] [26] [27] [28]} Orissa was renamed as Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 as ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh. ^{[29] [30]}

In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, which contains provisions to reorganise the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories; Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, effective from 31 October 2019. ^[31]

In November 2019, the Government of India introduced legislation to merge the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli into a single union territory to be known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, effective from 26 January 2020. ^{[32] [33] [34]}

Current proposals

Main article: Proposed states and union territories of India

List

See also: List of state and union territory capitals in India

A clickable map of the 28 states and 8 union territories of India

States

State	ISO 3166-2:IN	Vehicle code	Zone	Capital	Largest city	Statehood	Population [35]	Area (km2)	Official languages [36]	Additional official languages [36]
Andhra Pradesh	IN-AP	AP	Southern	Hyderabad (de jure) Amaravati (de facto) Note 1 [37] [38]	Visakhapatnam	1 October 1953	49,506,799	160,205	Telugu	—
Arunachal Pradesh	IN-AR	AR	North-Eastern	Itanagar		20 February 1987	1,383,727	83,743	English	—
Assam	IN-AS	AS	North-Eastern	Dispur	Guwahati	26 January 1950	31,205,576	78,550	Assamese	Bengali, Bodo
Bihar	IN-BR	BR	Eastern	Patna		26 January 1950	104,099,452	94,163	Hindi	Urdu
Chhattisgarh	IN-CT	CG	Central	Naya Raipur		1 November 2000	25,545,198	135,194	Hindi	—
Goa	IN-GA	GA	Western	Panaji	Vasco da Gama	30 May 1987	1,458,545	3,702	Konkani	English, Marathi
Gujarat	IN-GJ	GJ	Western	Gandhinagar	Ahmedabad	1 May 1960	60,439,692	196,024	Gujarati	—
Haryana	IN-HR	HR	Northern	Chandigarh	Faridabad	1 November 1966	25,351,462	44,212	Hindi	Punjabi [39] [40]
Himachal Pradesh	IN-HP	HP	Northern	Shimla (Summer) Dharamshala (Winter)	Shimla	25 January 1971	6,864,602	55,673	Hindi	English
Jharkhand	IN-JH	JH	Eastern	Ranchi	Jamshedpur	15 November 2000	32,988,134	74,677	Hindi	Urdu [41]
Karnataka	IN-KA	KA	Southern	Bangalore		1 November 1956	61,095,297	191,791	Kannada	English
Kerala	IN-KL	KL	Southern	Thiruvananthapuram	Kochi	1 November 1956	33,406,061	38,863	Malayalam	English
Madhya Pradesh	IN-MP	MP	Central	Bhopal	Indore	1 November 1956	72,626,809	308,252	Hindi	—
Maharashtra	IN-MH	MH	Western	Mumbai (Summer) Nagpur (Winter) [42]	Mumbai	1 May 1960	112,374,333	307,713	Marathi	—
Manipur	IN-MN	MN	North-Eastern	Imphal		21 January 1972	2,855,794	22,347	Meitei	English
Meghalaya	IN-ML	ML	North-Eastern	Shillong		21 January 1972	2,966,889	22,720	English	Khasi [lower-alpha 1]
Mizoram	IN-MZ	MZ	North-Eastern	Aizawl		20 February 1987	1,097,206	21,081	English, Hindi, Mizo	—
Nagaland	IN-NL	NL	North-Eastern	Kohima	Dimapur	1 December 1963	1,978,502	16,579	English	—
Odisha	IN-OR	OD	Eastern	Bhubaneswar		1 April 1936	41,974,218	155,820	Odia	—
Punjab	IN-PB	PB	Northern	Chandigarh	Ludhiana	1 November 1966	27,743,338	50,362	Punjabi	—
Rajasthan	IN-RJ	RJ	Northern	Jaipur		1 November 1956	68,548,437	342,269	Hindi	English
Sikkim	IN-SK	SK	North-Eastern	Gangtok		16 May 1975	610,577	7,096	Nepali, English	Bhutia, Gurung, Lepcha, Limbu, Manggar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Sherpa, Tamang
Tamil Nadu	IN-TN	TN	Southern	Chennai		26 January 1950	72,147,030	130,058	Tamil	English
Telangana	IN-TG	TS	Southern	Hyderabad Note 1		2 June 2014	35,193,978 [43]	114,840 [43]	Telugu, Urdu [44]	—
Tripura	IN-TR	TR	North-Eastern	Agartala		21 January 1972	3,673,917	10,492	Bengali, English, Kokborok	—
Uttar Pradesh	IN-UP	UP	Northern	Lucknow	Kanpur	26 January 1950	199,812,341	243,286	Hindi	Urdu
Uttarakhand	IN-UT	UK	Northern	Dehradun Note 2		9 November 2000	10,086,292	53,483	Hindi	Sanskrit [45]
West Bengal	IN-WB	WB	Eastern	Kolkata		26 January 1950	91,276,115	88,752	Bengali, Nepali [lower-alpha 2]	Hindi, Odia, Punjabi, Santali, Urdu

• ^Note 1 Andhra Pradesh was divided into two states, Telangana and a residual Andhra Pradesh on 2 June 2014. ^{[46] [47] [48]} Hyderabad, located entirely within the borders of Telangana, is to serve as the capital for both states for a period of time not exceeding ten years. ^[49] The Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Andhra Pradesh Legislature completed the process of relocating to temporary facilities in the envisaged new capital city Amaravati in early 2017. ^[37]
• ^Note 2 Dehradun is the interim capital of Uttarakhand. The town of Gairsain is envisaged as the state's new capital.

Union territories

Union territory	ISO 3166-2:IN	Vehicle code	Capital	Largest city	Population [35]	Area (km2)	Official languages [36]	Additional official languages [36]
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	IN-AN	AN	Port Blair		380,581	8,249	English, Hindi	—
Chandigarh	IN-CH	CH	Chandigarh	— [lower-alpha 3]	1,055,450	114	English	—
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	IN-DD	DD	Daman		586,956	603	English, Gujarati, Hindi, Konkani	Hindi
Delhi	IN-DL	DL	New Delhi	— [lower-alpha 4]	16,787,941	1,490	Hindi	Punjabi, Urdu [50]
Jammu and Kashmir	IN-JK	JK	Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)	Srinagar	12,258,433	55,538 Note 3	Hindi, English	Dogri, Kashmiri, Urdu
Ladakh	IN-LH	LA	Leh, Kargil	Leh	290,492	174,852 Note 4	Ladakhi	Balti
Lakshadweep	IN-LD	LD	Kavaratti		64,473	32	Malayalam	English
Puducherry	IN-PY	PY	Pondicherry		1,247,953	492	English, [51] Tamil	Malayalam, Telugu

^Note 3 Jammu and Kashmir has 42,241 km² of area administered by India and 13,297 km² of area controlled by Pakistan under Azad Kashmir which is claimed by India as part of Jammu and Kashmir.

^Note 4 Ladakh has 59,146 km² of area administered by India and 72,971 km² of area controlled by Pakistan under Gilgit-Baltistan, which is claimed by India as part of Ladakh. Additionally, it has 5,180 km² of area controlled by the People's Republic of China under Trans-Karakoram Tract and 37,555 km² of area controlled by the People's Republic of China under Aksai Chin, which is claimed by India as part of Ladakh.

Former states

Map	State	Capital	Years	Successor state(s)
	Madhya Bharat	Indore (Summer) Gwalior (Winter)	1947–1956	Madhya Pradesh
	Eastern States Union	Raipur	1947–1948	Bihar, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh
	Madras State	Madras	1950–1969	Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka
	Mysore State	Mysore	1947–1973	Karnataka
	Patiala and East Punjab States Union	Patiala	1948–1956	Punjab
	Bombay State	Bombay	1947–1960	Maharashtra, Gujarat
	Bhopal State	Bhopal	1949–1956	Madhya Pradesh
	Saurashtra	Rajkot	1948–1956	Bombay State
	Coorg State	Madikeri	1950–1956	Mysore State
	Travancore-Cochin	Trivandrum	1949–1956	Kerala, Madras State
	Hyderabad State	Hyderabad	1948–1956	Andhra Pradesh, Telangana (since 2014) and partially Maharashtra, North Karnataka
	Vindhya Pradesh	Rewa	1948–1956	Madhya Pradesh
	Kutch State	Bhuj	1947–1956	Bombay State
	Bilaspur State	Bilaspur	1948–1954	Himachal Pradesh
	Cooch Behar State	Cooch Behar	1949	West Bengal
	Ajmer State	Ajmer	1947–1956	Rajasthan
	Jammu and Kashmir	Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)	1954–2019	Jammu and Kashmir (union territory) and Ladakh

See also

• Administrative divisions of India
• Autonomous administrative divisions of India
• List of states and union territories of India by area
• List of states and union territories of India by population
• List of states in India by past population
• List of states of India by wildlife population
• List of adjectives and demonyms for states and territories of India
• List of Indian state and union territory name etymologies
• List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)

Notes

1. Khasi language has been declared as the Additional Official Language for all purposes in the District, Sub-Division and Block level offices of the State Government located in the Districts of Khasi-Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya.
2. Bengali and Nepali are the Official Languages in Darjeeling and Kurseong sub-divisions of Darjeeling district.
3. Chandigarh is both a city and a union territory.
4. Delhi is both a city and a union territory.

References

1. "Article 73 broadly stated, provides that the executive power of the Union shall extend to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws. Article 162 similarly provides that the executive power of a State shall extend to the matters with respect to which the Legislature of a State has power to make laws. The Supreme Court has reiterated this position when it ruled in the Ramanaiah case that the executive power of the Union or of the State broadly speaking, is coextensive and coterminous with its respective legislative power." Territoriality of executive powers of states in India, Balwant Singh Malik, Constitutional Law, 1998
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33. https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/national/754685-govt-plans-to-merge-2-uts----daman-and-diu-dadra-and-nagar-haveli
34. http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/366_2019_LS_Eng.pdf
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42. Monsoon session to start in Maha’s winter Capital Nagpur from July 4
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External links

• Official Government of India website: States and Union Territories