States and union territories of India

Further information: Administrative divisions of India

"State of India" and "Indian state" redirect here. For the Portuguese State of India (1509-1961, Estado da Índia in Portuguese), see Portuguese India. For the U.S. state, see Indiana. For the historical territory in the United States of America, see Indian Territory.

States and union territories of India
Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh National Capital Territory Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Ladakh Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Lakshadweep Puducherry
Category	Federated states
Location	Republic of India
Number	28 States 8 Union territories
Populations	States: Sikkim - 610,577 (lowest); Uttar Pradesh - 199,812,341(highest) Union Territories: Lakshadweep - 64,473 (lowest); Delhi - 16,787,941 (highest)
Areas	States: Goa - 3,702 km2 (1,429 sq mi); Rajasthan - 342,269 km2 (132,151 sq mi) Union territories: Lakshadweep - 32 km2 (12 sq mi); Ladakh - 59,146 km2 (22,836 sq mi)
Government	State governments Union governments (union territories)
Subdivisions	Divisions Districts

India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, ^[1] for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and smaller administrative divisions.

History

Administrative divisions of India in 1951

Pre-independence

Main articles: Presidencies and provinces of British India, Agencies of British India, Residencies of British India, and Princely state

The Indian subcontinent has been ruled by many different ethnic groups throughout its history, each instituting their own policies of administrative division in the region. ^{[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [ excessive citations ]} The British Raj mostly retained the administrative structure of the preceding Mughal. India was divided into provinces (also called Presidencies), directly governed by the British, and princely states, which were nominally controlled by a local prince or raja loyal to the British Empire, which held de facto sovereignty (suzerainty) over the princely states.

1947–1950

Main articles: Political integration of India, Instrument of Accession, Annexation of Junagadh, and Annexation of Hyderabad

Between 1947 and 1950 the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the Indian union. Most were merged into existing provinces; others were organised into new provinces, such as Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Bharat, and Vindhya Pradesh, made up of multiple princely states; a few, including Mysore, Hyderabad, Bhopal, and Bilaspur, became separate provinces. The new Constitution of India, which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India a sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States". ^[13] The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states:^{[ citation needed ]}

• Part A states, which were the former governors' provinces of British India, were ruled by an elected governor and state legislature. The nine Part A states were:
  • Assam (formerly Assam Province),
  • Bihar (formerly Bihar Province),
  • Bombay (formerly Bombay Province),
  • East Punjab (formerly Punjab Province),
  • Madhya Pradesh (formerly the Central Provinces and Berar),
  • Madras (formerly Madras Province),
  • Orissa (formerly Orissa Province),
  • Uttar Pradesh (formerly the United Provinces), and
  • West Bengal (formerly Bengal Province).
• The eight Part B states were former princely states or groups of princely states, governed by a rajpramukh, who was usually the ruler of a constituent state, and an elected legislature. The rajpramukh was appointed by the President of India. The Part B states were:
  • Hyderabad (formerly Hyderabad Princely State),
  • Jammu and Kashmir (formerly Jammu and Kashmir Princely State),
  • Madhya Bharat (formerly Central India Agency),
  • Mysore (formerly Mysore Princely State),
  • Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU),
  • Rajasthan (formerly Rajputana Agency),
  • Saurashtra (formerly Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency), and
  • Travancore–Cochin (formerly Travancore Princely State and Cochin Princely State).
• The ten Part C states included both the former chief commissioners' provinces and some princely states, and each was governed by a chief commissioner appointed by the President of India. The Part C states were:
  • Ajmer (formerly Ajmer-Merwara Province),
  • Bhopal (formerly Bhopal Princely State),
  • Bilaspur (formerly Bilaspur Princely State),
  • Coorg State (formerly Coorg Province),
  • Delhi,
  • Himachal Pradesh,
  • Kutch (formerly Cutch Princely State),
  • Manipur (formerly Manipur Princely State),
  • Tripura (formerly Tripura Princely State), and
  • Vindhya Pradesh (formerly Central India Agency).
• The only Part D state was the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which were administered by a lieutenant governor appointed by the union government.

States reorganisation (1951–1956)

Main articles: Goa liberation movement, Andhra movement, Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and States Reorganisation Commission

Andhra State was created on 1 October 1953 from the Telugu-speaking northern districts of Madras State. ^[14]

The French enclave of Chandernagore was transferred to West Bengal in 1954. In the same year Pondicherry, comprising the former French enclaves of Pondichéry, Karikal, Yanaon and Mahé, was transferred to India; this became a union territory in 1962. ^[15]

Also in 1954, pro-India forces liberated the Portuguese-held enclaves of Dadrá and Nagar Aveli, declaring the short-lived de facto state of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli. In 1961, India annexed it as the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. ^{[16] [17] [18] [19]}

The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 reorganised the states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states. ^[20]

As a result of this act:

• Madras State retained its name, with Kanyakumari district added to form Travancore–Cochin.
• Andhra Pradesh was created with the merger of Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking districts of Hyderabad State in 1956.
• Kerala was created by merging Malabar district and the Kasaragod taluk of South Canara districts of Madras State with Travancore–Cochin.
• Mysore State was re-organized with the addition of the districts of Bellary and South Canara (excluding Kasaragod taluk) and the Kollegal taluk of Coimbatore district from the Madras State, the districts of Belgaum, Bijapur, North Canara and Dharwad from Bombay State, the Kannada-majority districts of Bidar, Raichur and Kalaburagi from Hyderabad State and the Coorg State.
• The Laccadive Islands, Aminidivi Islands and Minicoy Island, which had been divided between the South Canara and Malabar districts of Madras State, were united and organised into the union territory of Lakshadweep.
• Bombay State was enlarged by the addition of Saurashtra State and Kutch State, the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur division of Madhya Pradesh and the Marathwada region of Hyderabad State.
• Rajasthan and Punjab gained territories from Ajmer State and Patiala and East Punjab States Union respectively and certain territories of Bihar were transferred to West Bengal.

Post-1956

Main articles: Mahagujarat movement, Punjabi Suba movement, Annexation of Goa, 1967 Goa status referendum, 1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum, Uttarakhand movement, and Telangana movement

Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act. ^[21] The former Union Territory of Nagaland achieved statehood on 1 December 1963. ^[22] The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and the transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh. ^[23] The act also designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana. ^{[24] [25]}

Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969. The north-eastern states of Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972. ^[26] Mysore State was renamed Karnataka in 1973. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished. ^[27] In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while erstwhile union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu's northern exclaves Damão and Diu became a separate union territory as Daman and Diu. ^[28]

In November 2000, three new states were created, namely:

• Chhattisgarh, from eastern Madhya Pradesh,
• Uttaranchal, from northwest Uttar Pradesh (renamed Uttarakhand in 2007), and
• Jharkhand, from southern districts of Bihar with the enforcement of Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000, Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000 and Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 respectively. ^{[29] [30] [31] [32]}

Pondicherry was renamed Puducherry in 2007 and Orissa was renamed Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 from ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh. ^{[33] [34]}

In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, which contains provisions to reorganise the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories; Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, effective from 31 October 2019. ^[35] Later that year in November, the Government of India introduced legislation to merge the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli into a single union territory to be known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, effective from 26 January 2020. ^{[36] [37] [38]}

Current proposals

Main article: Proposed states and union territories of India

States and Union territories

See also: List of state and union territory capitals in India

States

State	ISO 3166-2:IN	Vehicle code	Zone	Capital	Largest city	Statehood	Population (census 2011)[ citation needed ]	Area (km2)	Official languages [39]	Additional official languages [39]
Andhra Pradesh	IN-AP	AP	Southern	Amaravati	Visakhapatnam	1 November 1956	49,506,799	160,205	Telugu	—
Arunachal Pradesh	IN-AR	AR	North-Eastern	Itanagar		20 February 1987	1,383,727	83,743	English	—
Assam	IN-AS	AS	North-Eastern	Dispur	Guwahati	26 January 1950	31,205,576	78,550	Assamese	Bengali, Bodo
Bihar	IN-BR	BR	Eastern	Patna		26 January 1950	104,099,452	94,163	Hindi	Urdu
Chhattisgarh	IN-CT	CG	Central	Raipur [lower-alpha 1]		1 November 2000	25,545,198	135,194	Chhattisgarhi	Hindi, English
Goa	IN-GA	GA	Western	Panaji	Vasco da Gama	30 May 1987	1,458,545	3,702	Konkani	Marathi
Gujarat	IN-GJ	GJ	Western	Gandhinagar	Ahmedabad	1 May 1960	60,439,692	196,024	Gujarati	—
Haryana	IN-HR	HR	Northern	Chandigarh	Faridabad	1 November 1966	25,351,462	44,212	Hindi	Punjabi [40] [41]
Himachal Pradesh	IN-HP	HP	Northern	Shimla (Summer) Dharamshala (Winter) [42]	Shimla	25 January 1971	6,864,602	55,673	Hindi	Sanskrit [43]
Jharkhand	IN-JH	JH	Eastern	Ranchi	Jamshedpur	15 November 2000	32,988,134	74,677	Hindi	Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Ho, Kharia, Khortha, Kurmali, Kurukh, Magahi, Maithili, Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Santali, Urdu [44]
Karnataka	IN-KA	KA	Southern	Bangalore		1 November 1956	61,095,297	191,791	Kannada	—
Kerala	IN-KL	KL	Southern	Thiruvananthapuram		1 November 1956	33,406,061	38,863	Malayalam	English [45]
Madhya Pradesh	IN-MP	MP	Central	Bhopal	Indore	26 January 1950	72,626,809	308,252	Hindi	—
Maharashtra	IN-MH	MH	Western	Mumbai (Summer) Nagpur (Winter) [46] [47]	Mumbai	1 May 1960	112,374,333	307,713	Marathi	—
Manipur	IN-MN	MN	North-Eastern	Imphal		21 January 1972	2,855,794	22,347	Meitei	English
Meghalaya	IN-ML	ML	North-Eastern	Shillong		21 January 1972	2,966,889	22,720	English	Khasi [lower-alpha 2]
Mizoram	IN-MZ	MZ	North-Eastern	Aizawl		20 February 1987	1,097,206	21,081	English, Hindi, Mizo	—
Nagaland	IN-NL	NL	North-Eastern	Kohima	Dimapur	1 December 1963	1,978,502	16,579	English	—
Odisha	IN-OR	OD	Eastern	Bhubaneswar		26 January 1950	41,974,218	155,820	Odia	—
Punjab	IN-PB	PB	Northern	Chandigarh	Ludhiana	1 November 1966	27,743,338	50,362	Punjabi	—
Rajasthan	IN-RJ	RJ	Northern	Jaipur		26 January 1950	68,548,437	342,269	Hindi	English
Sikkim	IN-SK	SK	North-Eastern	Gangtok		16 May 1975	610,577	7,096	English, Nepali	Bhutia, Gurung, Lepcha, Limbu, Manggar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Sherpa, Tamang
Tamil Nadu	IN-TN	TN	Southern	Chennai		1 November 1956	72,147,030	130,058	Tamil	English
Telangana	IN-TG	TS	Southern	Hyderabad [lower-alpha 3]		2 June 2014	35,193,978 [48]	114,840 [48]	Telugu	Urdu [49]
Tripura	IN-TR	TR	North-Eastern	Agartala		21 January 1972	3,673,917	10,492	Bengali, English, Kokborok	—
Uttar Pradesh	IN-UP	UP	Central	Lucknow	Kanpur	26 January 1950	199,812,341	243,286	Hindi	Urdu
Uttarakhand	IN-UT	UK	Central	Bhararisain (Summer) Dehradun (winter) [50]	Dehradun	9 November 2000	10,086,292	53,483	Hindi	Sanskrit [51]
West Bengal	IN-WB	WB	Eastern	Kolkata		26 January 1950	91,276,115	88,752	Bengali, Nepali [lower-alpha 4]	Hindi, Odia, Telugu, Punjabi, Santali, Urdu

Union territories

This section is an excerpt from Union territory § Current union territories.[ edit ]

Union territory	ISO 3166-2:IN	Vehicle code	Zone	Capital	Largest city	UT established	Population	Area (km2)	Official languages	Additional official languages
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	IN-AN	AN	Southern	Port Blair		1 November 1956	380,581	8,249	Hindi	English
Chandigarh	IN-CH	CH	Northern	Chandigarh	—	1 November 1966	1,055,450	114	English	—
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	IN-DH	DD	Western	Daman		26 January 2020	586,956	603	Gujarati, Hindi	Konkani, Marathi
Delhi	IN-DL	DL	Northern	New Delhi	—	1 November 1956	16,787,941	1,490	Hindi, English	Punjabi, Urdu [52]
Jammu and Kashmir	IN-JK	JK	Northern	Srinagar (Summer) [53] [54] Jammu (Winter) [54] [55]	Srinagar	31 October 2019	12,258,433	55,538	Kashmiri, Dogri, Urdu, Hindi, English
Ladakh	IN-LA	LA	Northern	Leh (Summer) Kargil (Winter) [56]	Leh	31 October 2019	290,492	174,852	Hindi, English
Lakshadweep	IN-LD	LD	Southern	Kavaratti		1 November 1956	64,473	32	Malayalam, English	—
Puducherry	IN-PY	PY	Southern	Puducherry		16 August 1962	1,247,953	492	French [57] Tamil, English	Malayalam, Telugu

Autonomous areas

Main article: Autonomous administrative divisions of India

The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India allows for the formation of autonomous councils to administer areas which have been given autonomy within their respective states. ^[58] Most of these autonomous areas are located in Northeast India.

Former states

Map	State	Capital	Years	Present-day state(s)
	Ajmer State	Ajmer	1950–1956	Rajasthan
	Andhra State	Kurnool	1953–1956	Andhra Pradesh
	Bhopal State	Bhopal	1949–1956	Madhya Pradesh
	Bilaspur State	Bilaspur	1950–1954	Himachal Pradesh
	Bombay State	Bombay	1950–1960	Maharashtra, Gujarat, and partially Karnataka
	Coorg State	Madikeri	1950–1956	Karnataka
	East Punjab	Shimla (1947–1953) Chandigarh (1953–1966)	1947–1966	Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh UT
	Hyderabad State	Hyderabad	1948–1956	Telangana, and partially Maharashtra and Karnataka
	Jammu and Kashmir	Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)	1954–2019	Jammu and Kashmir UT and Ladakh UT
	Kutch State	Bhuj	1947–1956	Gujarat
	Madhya Bharat	Indore (Summer) Gwalior (Winter)	1948–1956	Madhya Pradesh
	Madras State	Madras	1950–1969	Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and partially Karnataka and Kerala
	Mysore State	Bangalore	1947–1973	Karnataka
	Patiala and East Punjab States Union	Patiala	1948–1956	Punjab and Haryana
	Saurashtra	Rajkot	1948–1956	Gujarat
	Travancore–Cochin	Trivandrum	1949–1956	Kerala and partially Tamil Nadu
	Vindhya Pradesh	Rewa	1948–1956	Madhya Pradesh

Former union territories

This section is an excerpt from Union territory § Former union territories.[ edit ]

Map	Name	Zone	Capital	Area	UT established	UT disestablished	Now part of
	Arunachal Pradesh	North-Eastern	Itanagar	83,743 km2 (32,333 sq mi)	21 January 1972	20 February 1987	As an Indian state
	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	Western	Silvassa	491 km2 (190 sq mi)	11 August 1961	26 January 2020	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territory
	Daman and Diu	Western	Daman	112 km2 (43 sq mi)	30 May 1987	26 January 2020	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territory
	Goa, Daman and Diu	Western	Panaji	3,814 km2 (1,473 sq mi)	19 December 1961	30 May 1987	Goa state and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territory
	Himachal Pradesh	northern	Shimla	55,673 km2 (21,495 sq mi)	1 November 1956	25 January 1971	As an Indian state
	Manipur	North-Eastern	Imphal	22,327 km2 (8,621 sq mi)	1 November 1956	21 January 1972	As an Indian state
	Mizoram	North-Eastern	Aizawl	21,087 km2 (8,142 sq mi)	21 January 1972	20 February 1987	As an Indian state
	Nagaland	North-Eastern	Kohima	16,579 km2 (6,401 sq mi)	29 November 1957	1 December 1963	As an Indian state
	Tripura	North-Eastern	Agartala	10,491.65 km2 (4,050.85 sq mi)	1 November 1956	21 January 1972	As an Indian state

Responsibilities and authorities

Main articles: Federalism in India, Union List, State List, and Concurrent List

The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any State between the Union and that State. ^[59]

See also

• Administrative divisions of India
• Autonomous administrative divisions of India
• List of adjectives and demonyms for states and territories of India
• List of Indian state and union territory name etymologies
• List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)
• List of states and union territories of India by area
• List of states and union territories of India by population
• List of states in India by past population
• List of states of India by wildlife population
• Proposed states and union territories of India

Notes

1. Naya Raipur is planned to replace Raipur as the capital city of Chhattisgarh.
2. Khasi language has been declared as the Additional Official Language for all purposes in the District, Sub-Division and Block level offices of the State Government located in the Districts of Khasi-Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya.
3. Andhra Pradesh was divided into two states, Telangana and a residual Andhra Pradesh on 2 June 2014. ^{[lower-alpha 5] [lower-alpha 6] [lower-alpha 7]} Hyderabad, located entirely within the borders of Telangana, is to serve as the capital for both states for a period of time not exceeding ten years. ^{[lower-alpha 8]} The Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Andhra Pradesh Legislature completed the process of relocating to temporary facilities in the envisaged new capital city Amaravati in early 2017.^{[ citation needed ]}
4. Bengali and Nepali are the Official Languages in Darjeeling and Kurseong sub-divisions of Darjeeling district.

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58. "Provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas" (PDF). www.mea.gov.in. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
59. "Article 73 broadly stated, provides that the executive power of the Union shall extend to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws. Article 162 similarly provides that the executive power of a State shall extend to the matters with respect to which the Legislature of a State has power to make laws. The Supreme Court has reiterated this position when it ruled in the Ramanaiah case that the executive power of the Union or of the State broadly speaking, is coextensive and coterminous with its respective legislative power." Territoriality of executive powers of states in India, Balwant Singh Malik, Constitutional Law, 1998

External links

• Official Government of India website: States and Union Territories