"Premier" is often the title of the heads of government in sub-national entities, such as the provinces and territories of Canada, states of the Commonwealth of Australia, provinces of South Africa, the island of Nevis within the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, and the nation of Niue. In some of these cases, the formal title remains "Prime Minister" but "Premier" is used to avoid confusion with the national leader. In these cases, care should be taken not to confuse the title of "premier" with "prime minister". In these countries, terms such as "Federal Premier", "National Premier" or "Premier of the Dominion" were sometimes used to refer to prime ministers, although these are now obsolete.
Etymology
The word comes from French premier ministre which means prime minister. Premier meaning 'first', coming from Latin prīmārius. This is why in many nations, "premier" is used interchangeably with "prime minister".
In the Republic of China (Taiwan), the head of government is officially the President of the Executive Yuan, but it can also be abbreviated to Premier.
In the Cayman Islands, the head of government is referred to as the “Premier”, however, as a British Overseas Territory, the British Monarch is the head of state, and the British government often has the last say on external affairs.
In the Czech Republic, the head of government is colloquially called “Premiér”, and the Czech language translates both “Premier” and “Prime Minister” as “Premiér”. However, although his post is commonly translated in English as “Prime Minister”, the official title as per articles 67 and 68 of the Constitution is “Předseda vlády”, literally “President of the Government”.[1][2][3]
In Croatia, the head of government is officially called “President of the Government” (predsjednik vlade) but “Premier” (premijer) is colloquially used.
In Serbia, the head of government is officially called "President of the Government" (predsednik vlade) but "Premier" (premijer) is colloquially used.
In Poland, the head of government is officially called "President of the Council of Ministers" (Polish: Prezes Rady Ministrów, lit.'Chairman of the Council of Ministers') but "Premier" (polish for Prime Minister) is colloquially used.
In Malaysia, the head of the Sarawak state government is known as the Premier of Sarawak following a state constitutional amendment in 2022, a move widely seen to reflect the status of Sarawak as an equal partner with Sabah and Malaya in Malaysia as stipulated in the 1963 Malaysia Agreement (MA63).
In the Netherlands, the term premier is colloquially used as a synonym of prime minister. In Dutch language, the official and also commonly used term is "minister president", so this is even a third synonym, but this is normally not literally translated to English language.
These are lists of incumbents, including heads of states or of subnational entities.
President is a common title for the head of state in most republics. The president of a nation is, generally speaking, the head of the government and the fundamental leader of the country or the ceremonial head of state.
The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments. In diplomacy, "head of government" is differentiated from "head of state".
The prime minister of Croatia, officially the president of the government of the Republic of Croatia, is Croatia's head of government, and is de facto the most powerful and influential state officeholder in the Croatian system of government. Following the first-time establishment of the office in 1945, the 1990–2000 semi-presidential period is the only exception where the president of Croatia held de facto executive authority. In the formal Croatian order of precedence, however, the position of prime minister is the third highest state office, after the president of the Republic and the speaker of the Parliament.
A minister-president or minister president is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments with a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government where they preside over the council of ministers. It is an alternative term for prime minister, premier, chief minister, or first minister and very similar to the title of president of the council of ministers.
The prime minister of Serbia, officially the President of the Government of the Republic of Serbia is the principal executive minister of the Government of Serbia. The prime minister directs the work of the government, and submits to the National Assembly the government's program, including a list of proposed ministers. The resignation of the prime minister results in the dismissal of the government.
The Government of Croatia, formally the Government of the Republic of Croatia, commonly abbreviated to Croatian Government, is the main executive branch of government in Croatia. It is led by the president of the Government, informally abbreviated to premier or prime minister. The prime minister is nominated by the president of the Republic from among those candidates who enjoy majority support in the Croatian Parliament; the candidate is then chosen by the Parliament. There are 20 other government members, serving as deputy prime ministers, government ministers or both; they are chosen by the prime minister and confirmed by the Parliament (Sabor). The Government of the Republic of Croatia exercises its executive powers in conformity with the Croatian Constitution and legislation enacted by the Croatian Parliament. The current government is led by Prime Minister Andrej Plenković.
The Sarajevo Canton, officially the Canton of Sarajevo, is one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its cantonal seat is the city of Sarajevo, also the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The prime minister of Montenegro, officially the president of the Government of Montenegro, is the head of the government of Montenegro. The role of the prime minister is to direct the work of the government, and to submit to the Parliament the government's program, which includes a list of proposed ministers. The resignation of the prime minister would cause the dissolution of his government.
The prime minister of Yugoslavia was the head of government of the Yugoslav state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.
The Sixth Government of the Republic of Croatia was the Croatian Government cabinet led by Prime Minister Zlatko Mateša. Its members took office on 7 November 1995 by decree of President Franjo Tuđman. The cabinet was confirmed by a parliamentary vote on 28 November 1995, with 77 out of 127 Members of Parliament voting in favor. It was formed by the ruling Croatian Democratic Union, and its term ended on 27 January 2000 after the 2000 Croatian parliamentary election, with the appointment of Ivica Račan as Prime Minister. This was the first peacetime government of independent Croatia, as the Croatian War of Independence officially ended with the Erdut Agreement just days after the cabinet was appointed by the President.
Nermin Nikšić is a Bosnian politician serving as Prime Minister of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina since April 2023, having previously served from 2011 to 2015. He is also the current president of the Social Democratic Party and served as member of the national House of Representatives from 2018 to 2022 as well.
The Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly abbreviated to the Federal Government, is the main executive branch of government in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is headed by the prime minister. The Federal president, in agreement with both vice-presidents of the Federation, appoints the Federal Government, upon consultation with a prime minister or a nominee for that office. The Government is elected after its appointment has been confirmed by a majority vote in the Federal House of Representatives.
Hans Сhristian Friedrich Schmidt is a German politician serving as the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina since August 2021. He is a member of the Christian Social Union.
Fadil Novalić is a Bosnian politician who served as Prime Minister of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2015 to 2023. He is currently a member of the Federal House of Representatives.
Mario Nenadić is a Bosnian politician who served as Prime Minister of Sarajevo Canton from 2020 to 2021. He is a member of the Union for a Better Future of BiH.
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