List of current heads of state and government

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This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, one leader is head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government (i.e. executive) role is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state.

Contents

In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (e.g. the General Secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In Andorra, Iran, and Vatican City (Holy See), a clergy member also acts as the head of state. In Andorra, this is the Bishop of Urgell, Co-Prince of Andorra; in Iran, this is the Supreme Leader; and in Vatican City, this is the Pope.

The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers–designate, and those leading a government-in-exile if internationally recognised.

Member and observer states of the United Nations

Colour key
  Green cells indicate leaders whose offices constitutionally administer the executive of their respective state/government.
  Blue cells indicate de facto executive leaders whose offices lack de jure constitutional power.
Note: Names in small font generally denote acting, interim, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at § Notes.

Other states

The following states are in free association with a UN member state.

State Associated with Head of state Head of government
Flag of the Cook Islands.svg  Cook Islands Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand King  – Charles III [XII]
King's Representative  – Sir Tom Marsters 		Prime Minister – Mark Brown
Flag of Niue.svg  Niue Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand King  – Charles III [XII]
King's Representative  – Dame Cindy Kiro [IX] 		Prime Minister – Dalton Tagelagi

The following states control at least part of their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.

State Also claimed by Head of state Head of government
Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg  Abkhazia Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia Acting President  – Badra Gunba Acting Prime Minister  – Valeri Bganba
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Republic of China (Taiwan)Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  People's Republic of China President – Lai Ching-te Premier  – Cho Jung-tai
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia President  – Vjosa Osmani Prime Minister – Albin Kurti
Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg  Northern Cyprus Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus President – Ersin Tatar Prime Minister  – Ünal Üstel
Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg  Sahrawi Republic Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali
President  – Brahim Ghali Prime Minister  – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
Flag of South Ossetia.svg  South Ossetia Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia President – Alan Gagloyev Prime Minister  – Konstantin Dzhussoyev

The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.

State Also claimed by Head of state Head of government
Flag of Somaliland.svg  Somaliland Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia President – Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi
Flag of Transnistria (state).svg  Transnistria Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova President – Vadim Krasnoselsky Prime Minister  – Aleksander Rozenberg

Other governments

This alternative government controls part of its territory and is recognised as legitimate by at least one UN member state.

GovernmentState Head of state Head of government
Flag of Yemen.svg  Supreme Political Council Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen Leader of Ansar Allah – Abdul-Malik al-Houthi [18]
Chairman – Mahdi al-Mashat Prime Minister  – Ahmed al-Rahawi [19]

These alternative governments control part of their territory, but are not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states.

GovernmentState Head of state Head of government
Flag of Libya.svg  Government of National Stability Flag of Libya.svg  Libya Supreme Commander of the Libyan National Army – Khalifa Haftar
Chairman of the Presidential Council  – Mohamed al-Menfi [XIII] Acting Prime Minister  – Osama Hammad [20]
Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg Hamas government in the Gaza Strip Flag of Palestine.svg  Palestine Leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip – Mohammed Sinwar
President – Mahmoud Abbas [XIV] Head of the Government Administrative Committee  – Vacant
Flag of Myanmar.svg  National Unity Government Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar Acting President – Duwa Lashi La Prime Minister – Mahn Win Khaing Than

These alternative governments do not control their territory but are recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state.

GovernmentState Head of state Head of government
Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991-1995).svg  Coordination Council Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus President and Head of the Cabinet – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia (opposition) Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia President – Salome Zourabichvili Prime Minister – Vacant

Sui generis entities

Entity Head of entity Head of government
Flag of Europe.svg  European Union President of the European Council  – António Costa President of the European Commission – Ursula von der Leyen [21]  
Flag of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.svg Sovereign Military Order of Malta Prince and Grand Master – John T. Dunlap Grand Chancellor  – Riccardo Paternò di Montecupo

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 The President of France and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Charles III is separately and equally monarch of 15 sovereign states known collectively as the Commonwealth realms. In each of these states (with the exception of the United Kingdom, where he resides), he is represented at the national level by a governor-general.
  3. ↑ The high representative is an international civilian overseer of the Dayton Agreement with authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation.
  4. ↑ The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 In this state, the president is both head of state and head of government; the office of prime minister may exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—nor does the Kyrgyzstani Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers, the Peruvian President of the Council of Ministers, or the Sierra Leonean Chief Minister.
  6. ↑ The council will exercise certain presidential powers until a new president is elected or until 7 February 2026, whichever comes first. The presidency has been vacant since the assassination of Jovenel Moïse in 2021. [6] [7] [8] [9]
  7. ↑ According to articles 89 to 91 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader of Iran is the head of state, and the President is the head of government. The President is required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in before Parliament, and the Supreme Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected President at any time.
  8. ↑ The constitution of Japan does not define a formal head of state, but the Emperor by unwritten constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of this role.
  9. 1 2 The Governor-General of New Zealand and the King's Representative of Niue are positions held by the same person.
  10. ↑ The Transitional Sovereignty Council is the collective head of state of Sudan per the 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration. While the council was intended to be a unity government incorporating civilian and military elements that used consensus decision making, Chairman Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who is also Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces, has monopolized power. [12] [13] [14]
  11. ↑ The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
  12. 1 2 Charles III is head of state of the Cook Islands and Niue in his capacity as King in Right of New Zealand. He is represented in each of these states by a King's Representative.
  13. ↑ Al-Menfi is also considered head of state by the internationally-recognized Government of National Unity. Hamada is disputing the premiership of Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, with the backing of the House of Representatives and the Libyan National Army.
  14. ↑ Internationally-recognized president also recognized by Hamas since the Third Hamdallah Government

References

  1. ↑ Rudenka, Arsien (16 April 2024). "У Беларусі фармуецца УНС. Топ-7 простых пытанняў пра новы дзяржаўны орган" [The ABPA is being formed in Belarus: Top 7 simple questions about the new state organ]. Belsat TV (in Belarusian). Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  2. ↑ Cai, Derek; Head, Jonathan (7 August 2023). "Cambodia: PM's son Hun Manet appointed next ruler in royal formality". Singapore: BBC News . Retrieved 7 August 2023. Hun Sen will however retain leadership of the ruling Cambodian People's Party - a position political analysts say still gives him ultimate control. •Murphy, Matt (6 August 2023). "Hun Sen: Cambodia election result confirms expected win for PM". BBC News. Retrieved 7 August 2023. [Hun Sen] is expected to become president of the Senate early next year and will serve as acting head of state when King Norodom Sihamoni is abroad.
  3. ↑ "Les cohabitations". vie-publique.fr (in French). 7 July 2018. Dans ce cadre [cohabitation], le caractère dyarchique (à deux têtes) de l'exécutif apparaît pleinement, puisque le chef de l'État, élu au suffrage universel direct, perd sa fonction de direction de l'exécutif au profit du Premier ministre, responsable devant l'Assemblée nationale.
  4. ↑ "General Nguema appointed transitional president of Gabon following coup". Anadolu Agency . Kigali. 30 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  5. ↑ Sauer, Pjotr; Walker, Shaun (16 May 2024). "Bidzina Ivanishvili: Georgia's billionaire 'puppet master' betting the house on Moscow". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 February 2025.
  6. ↑ "Haiti's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments through 2012" (PDF). Constitute Project. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  7. ↑ Fatton, Robert (23 July 2021). "Will Haitians get the chance to determine their future — without foreign interference?". The Washington Post . Retrieved 20 May 2023. On Tuesday, Henry was sworn in, pledging to hold new elections in 120 days. For now, Haiti has no president[...].
  8. ↑ Sullivan, Becky (18 January 2023). "As its only remaining elected officials depart, Haiti reaches a breaking point". NPR . Retrieved 20 May 2023. The constitutional mandate of Haiti's de facto ruler, Prime Minister Ariel Henry — which some viewed as questionable from the start, as he was never technically sworn in — ended more than a year ago. The country has had no president since its last one, Jovenel Moïse, was assassinated in 2021.
  9. ↑ Mendonca, Duarte (25 April 2024). "Haiti's prime minister resigns as council sworn in to lead political transition in violence-ravaged nation". CNN . Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  10. ↑ Robles, Frances (10 November 2024). "Haitian Prime Minister Is Fired, Adding to the Nation's Turmoil". The New York Times . Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  11. ↑ "Niger military names 21-person cabinet ahead of key West African summit". Al Jazeera . 10 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  12. ↑ "Sudan's Constitution of 2019" (PDF). Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  13. ↑ "Sudan's reinstated PM Hamdok promises a path to democracy". Al Jazeera . 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2023. The 14-point deal between Hamdok and the military, signed in the presidential palace in Khartoum on Sunday, also provides for the release of all political prisoners detained during the coup and stipulates that a 2019 constitutional declaration be the basis for a political transition, according to details read out on state television.
  14. ↑ Olewe, Dickens (20 February 2023). "Mohamed 'Hemeti' Dagalo: Top Sudan military figure says coup was a mistake". BBC News . Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  15. ↑ "Sudan coup leader restores restructured Sovereignty Council". Radio Dabanga . Khartoum. 11 November 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  16. ↑ "Sudan's Burhan dismisses Hemedti of his position". Al Bawaba. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  17. ↑ "Turkmenistan's president expands his father's power". Associated Press . Ashgabat. 22 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  18. ↑ Nasser, Afrah (18 December 2022). "'Republic of fear': A return to Yemen after 11 years". Al Jazeera . Retrieved 22 December 2022.
  19. ↑ "Houthis Appoint Ahmed Ghaleb Al-Rahwi to Form New Government in Sana'a After 10 Months". Barran Press. 10 August 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
  20. ↑ "Libya parliament suspends rival eastern-based PM Bashagha". Al Jazeera . 16 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  21. ↑ "Von der Leyen elected EU Commission head after MEPs vote". BBC News. 16 July 2019. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022.
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