President of the United Republic of Tanzania | |
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Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania | |
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Executive branch of the Government of Tanzania | |
Style | Her Excellency Mheshimiwa Rais (Swahili) |
Type | Head of state Head of government |
Member of | Cabinet |
Residence | Ikulu |
Seat | Dodoma |
Term length | Five years, renewable once |
Constituting instrument | 1977 Constitution |
Formation | 29 October 1964 |
First holder | Julius Nyerere |
Deputy | Vice-President of Tanzania |
Salary | 98,287,560 Tanzanian shilling/US$42,000 annually [1] |
Website | www |
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The president of the United Republic of Tanzania (Swahili : Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania) is the head of state and head of government [2] of Tanzania.
Samia Suluhu Hassan, sworn in on 19 March 2021, is the first female president of the United Republic of Tanzania. She succeeded John Magufuli following his death on 17 March 2021.
The president serves a term of five years. As of 2021, there is a two-term limit for the president in the Constitution of Tanzania. The first president for whom the term limits applied was Mwinyi in 1995. [3]
The president of Tanzania is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces and is "accountable to a legislature composed of elected members and representative of the people." [4]
After its independence in 1961 as Tanganyika, the country was first led by Richard Turnbull as governor-general until Julius Nyerere became the first and only president under the 1962 constitution. The 1964 constitution after the merger of Tanganyika and Zanzibar has had 6 presidents with each serving multiple terms except Samia Suluhu Hassan. Julius Nyerere served 5 terms total from 1962–1985, having served 4 terms under the 1964 constitution. All presidents of Tanzania have been from the Tanganyika African National Union party which later merged to become the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party.
Candidate | Running mate | Party | Votes | % | |
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John Magufuli | Samia Suluhu | Chama cha Mapinduzi | 12,516,252 | 84.40 | |
Tundu Lissu | Salum Mwalimu Juma | Chadema | 1,933,271 | 13.04 | |
Bernard Kamillius Membe | Omar Fakih Hamad | Alliance for Change and Transparency | 81,129 | 0.55 | |
Leopord Lucas Mahona | Khamis Ali Hassan | National Reconstruction Alliance | 80,787 | 0.54 | |
Ibrahim Haruna Lipumba | Hamida Huweishil Abdalla | Civic United Front | 72,885 | 0.49 | |
John Paul Shibuda | Hassan Kornely Kijogoo | Tanzania Democratic Alliance | 33,086 | 0.22 | |
Hashim Spunda Rungwe | Mohammed Massoud Rashid | Chama cha Ukombozi wa Umma | 32,878 | 0.22 | |
Yeremia Kulwa Maganja | Khamis Haji Ambar | NCCR–Mageuzi | 19,969 | 0.13 | |
Muttamwega Bhatt Mgaywa | Satia Mussa Bebwa | Sauti ya Umma | 14,922 | 0.10 | |
Cecilia Augustino Mwanga | Tabu Mussa Juma | Attentive Democracy Party | 14,556 | 0.10 | |
Philipo John Fumbo | Zaina Juma Khamis | Democratic Party | 8,283 | 0.06 | |
Queen Cuthbert Sendiga | Khamis Juma Shoka | Alliance for Democratic Change | 7,627 | 0.05 | |
Twalib Ibrahim Kadege | Ramadhan Ali Abdallah | United People's Democratic Party | 6,194 | 0.04 | |
Seif Maalim Seif | Rashid Ligania Rai | Alliance for African Farmers Party | 4,635 | 0.03 | |
Khalfan Mohammed Mazrui | Mashavu Alawi Haji | Union for Multiparty Democracy | 3,721 | 0.03 | |
Total | 14,830,195 | 100.00 | |||
Valid votes | 14,830,195 | 98.27 | |||
Invalid/blank votes | 261,755 | 1.73 | |||
Total votes | 15,091,950 | 100.00 | |||
Registered voters/turnout | 29,754,699 | 50.72 |
Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to the south; Zambia to the southwest; and Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania. According to the 2022 national census, Tanzania has a population of nearly 62 million, making it the most populous country located entirely south of the equator.
The modern-day African Great Lakes state of Tanzania dates formally from 1964, when it was formed out of the union of the much larger mainland territory of Tanganyika and the coastal archipelago of Zanzibar. The former was a colony and part of German East Africa from the 1880s to 1919 when, under the League of Nations, it became a British mandate. It served as a British military outpost during World War II, providing financial help, munitions, and soldiers. In 1947, Tanganyika became a United Nations Trust Territory under British administration, a status it kept until its independence in 1961. The island of Zanzibar thrived as a trading hub, successively controlled by the Portuguese, the Sultanate of Oman, and then as a British protectorate by the end of the nineteenth century.
The politics of Tanzania takes place in a framework of a unitary presidential democratic republic, whereby the President of Tanzania is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The party system is dominated by the Chama Cha Mapinduzi. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Tanganyika was a sovereign state, comprising the mainland part of present-day Tanzania, that existed from 1961 until 1964. It first gained independence from the United Kingdom on 9 December 1961 as a Commonwealth realm headed by Queen Elizabeth II before becoming a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations a year later. After signing the Articles of Union on 22 April 1964 and passing an Act of Union on 25 April, Tanganyika officially joined with the People's Republic of Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar on Union Day, 26 April 1964. The new state changed its name to the United Republic of Tanzania within a year.
The president of Zanzibar is the head of the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, which is a semi-autonomous government within Tanzania. The current president is Hussein Mwinyi. The president is also the chairman of the Revolutionary Council, whose members are appointed by the president, and some of which must be selected from the House of Representatives.
Tanganyika was a colonial territory in East Africa which was administered by the United Kingdom in various guises from 1916 until 1961. It was initially administered under a military occupation regime. From 20 July 1922, it was formalised into a League of Nations mandate under British rule. From 1946, it was administered by the UK as a United Nations trust territory.
The vice-president of Tanzania holds the second-highest political office in the United Republic of Tanzania. The vice president runs on a single ticket with the President of Tanzania, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession.
The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, also known as the Permanent Constitution, was ratified in 16 March 1977. Before the current establishment, Tanzania has had three constitutions: the Independence Constitution (1961), the Republican Constitution (1962), and the Interim Constitution of the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (1964).
The Articles of Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar of 1964 is the main foundation of the Constitutions of the United Republic of Tanzania of 1977 and the Zanzibar Revolutionary Government of 1984. The Articles of the Union were signed on April 22, 1964, by the Founders of the Union, Julius Nyerere and Abeid Amani Karume and agreed in 11 matters which later increased to over 22 and are the source of tension and dispute between mainland Tanzania mainland and Zanzibar. See Uamsho movement. The original Articles of Union which contain both Signatures from Nyerere and Karume are yet to be found.
Elizabeth II was Queen of Tanganyika from 1961 to 1962, when Tanganyika was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy. She was also the monarch of other sovereign states, including the United Kingdom. Her constitutional roles in Tanganyika were mostly delegated to the governor-general of Tanganyika.
The Chama Cha Mapinduzi is the dominant ruling party in Tanzania and the second longest-ruling party in Africa, only after the True Whig Party of Liberia. It was formed in 1977, following the merger of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) and the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP), which were the sole operating parties in mainland Tanzania and the semi-autonomous islands of Zanzibar, respectively.
Samia Suluhu Hassan is a Tanzanian politician who has served as president of Tanzania since 19 March 2021. She is the first woman to serve in the position. She previously served as vice-president of Tanzania from 2015 to 2021, from which she ascended to the presidency following the death of her predecessor, John Magufuli.
Philip Isdor Mpango is a Tanzanian economist and politician who serves as the Vice-President of the United Republic of Tanzania.
Mainland Tanzania refers to the part of Tanzania on the continent of Africa; excluding the islands of Zanzibar. It corresponds with the area of the former country of Tanganyika.
Austin Shaba was one of the leaders of Tanganyika, later Tanzania, from the time the country won independence from Britain on 9 December 1961.
Tanzania–Turkey relations are the foreign relations between Tanzania and Turkey. The Turkish embassy in Dar es Salaam first opened in 1979, although the Ottoman Empire had previously opened a consulate in Zanzibar, now a part of Tanzania, on March 17, 1837.
Rosemary Nyerere was a Tanzanian politician and academic. She was a daughter of the late Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, the founder and first president of the United Republic of Tanzania.
Hashil Twaibu Abdallah is a Tanzanian academic Lecturer of Law and currently Permanent Secretary of Trade and Industry in Tanzania. He was a deputy Permanent Secretary of Trade and Industry appointed by President Samia Suluhu Hassan on April 6, 2021. He was the Deputy Dean in the Faculty of Law and Head of Department of Criminal Law at the Open University of Tanzania for more than ten years.
Egypt–Tanzania relations are bilateral relations between Egypt and Tanzania. The two nations primarily maintain trade ties and established formal diplomatic relations in 1964.