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A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Popocatépetl is an active stratovolcano located in the states of Puebla, Morelos, and Mexico in central Mexico. It lies in the eastern half of the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt. At 5,393 m (17,694 ft) it is the second highest peak in Mexico, after Citlaltépetl at 5,636 m (18,491 ft).
Nyamuragira, also known as Nyamulagira, is an active shield volcano in the Virunga Mountains of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, situated about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Lake Kivu. The name is derived from the Bantu verb Kuragira nyamu, meaning to herd animals; nyamu means animal or cows.
Farallón de Pájaros, also known as Uracus or Urracas, is a small (2.3 km2) uninhabited volcanic island, the northernmost island in the Northern Mariana Islands chain.
The Semeru, or Mount Semeru is an active volcano located in East Java, Indonesia. It is located in a subduction zone, where the Indo-Australian plate subducts under the Eurasia plate. It is the highest mountain on the island of Java. The name "Semeru" is derived from Meru, the central world mountain in Hinduism, or Sumeru, the abode of gods. This stratovolcano is also known as Mahameru, meaning "The Great Mountain" in Sanskrit. It is one of the more popular hiking destinations in Indonesia.
Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. Many submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate formation, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth. Although most submarine volcanoes are located in the depths of seas and oceans, some also exist in shallow water, and these can discharge material into the atmosphere during an eruption. The total number of submarine volcanoes is estimated to be over one million of which some 75,000 rise more than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) above the seabed. Only 119 submarine volcanoes in Earth's oceans and seas are known to have erupted during the last 11,700 years.
Lava lakes are large volumes of molten lava, usually basaltic, contained in a volcanic vent, crater, or broad depression. The term is used to describe both lava lakes that are wholly or partly molten and those that are solidified.
Mount Rungwe is a volcanic mountain in Mbeya Region, in Tanzania's Southern Highlands. At an altitude of 2,981 metres (9,780 ft), it is southern Tanzania's second-highest peak. Rungwe's volcano is currently inactive.
Mount Homa is a mountain located in western Kenya. It forms a broad peninsula on the southern shore of Winam Gulf, an extension of Lake Victoria. This peninsula defines Homa Bay and the mountaintop is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the town of that name.
The Lavic Lake volcanic field is a volcanic field with extinct cinder cones in the Mojave Desert, in San Bernardino County, California, United States, at 762 m (2,500 ft) elevation. Its cones lie directly alongside historic Route 66 and modern Interstate 40, between Barstow to the west and Ludlow 10 miles (16 km) to the east.
Clark is a dormant submarine volcano located off the northern coast of New Zealand and is one of the South Kermadec Ridge Seamounts.
Kitumbeine Volcano also known as Kitumbeine at 2,850m is a shield volcano located in Longido District of Arusha Region in Tanzania. It stands at 2,850 metres (9,350 ft). The volcano is shared amongst three wards of Longido District, namely; Elang'ata Dapash, Kitumbeine and Iloirienito wards. The volcano is located in the geographic area known as the Crater Highlands and is a shield volcano that last erupted in the Pleistocene. Ketumbeine volcano activity continued throughout the Pleistocene.
Kerimasi Volcano, also known as Kerimasi at 2,602 metres (8,537 ft) is an extinct shield volcano located in Monduli District of Arusha Region in Tanzania. The majority of the mountain lies in Engaruka Ward, and a quarter of it is in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area. The volcano is located in the geographic area known as the Crater Highlands and is a shield volcano that last erupted in the Pleistocene.
References
- 1 2 Yu. L. Kapustin; A. I. Polyakov (1985). "Carbonatite Volcanos of East Africa and the Genesis of Carbonatites". International Geology Review . 27 (4): 434–448. Bibcode:1985IGRv...27..434K. doi:10.1080/00206818509466431.
- ↑ T. Alexander Barns (December 1921). "The Highlands of the Great Craters, Tanganyika Territory". The Geographical Journal. 58 (6): 401–416. doi:10.2307/1781718. JSTOR 1781718.
- ↑ "Embagai". Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 2023-08-30.
- 1 2 3 Lee Siebert; Tom Simkin; Paul Kimberly (2010). Volcanoes of the World. University of California Press. pp. 351–. ISBN 978-0-520-26877-7.
- 1 2 "PBS Online: Ngorongoro: Fiery Origins". www.pbs.org. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ↑ "Africa Ultra-Prominences" Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
- ↑ Venzke, E. "Ol Doinyo Lengai (222120)". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
- ↑ "Global Volcanism Program | Olmoti". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ↑ Venzke, E. "Rungwe (222166)". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
