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 Tanzaniaportal |
This article lists political parties in Tanzania. [1] [2] The country operates under a dominant multi-party system with the ruling party being in power since the nation attained its independence in 1961. It first governed as the Tanganyika African National Union, before merging with the Afro-Shirazi Party to form the Chama Cha Mapinduzi.
Tanzania attained its independence as Tanganyika Territory from the United Kingdom in 1961 with the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) forming its first government. Following the Zanzibar Revolution in 1964, it merged with the People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (present day Tanzania). It thereafter became a one-party state with TANU and the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP) being the only parties operating on the mainland and the Zanzibar Archipelago respectively.
On 5 February 1977, TANU merged with its Zanzibari counterpart, the ASP to form the Chama Cha Mapinduzi which served as the sole legal party until 1992 when multi-party system was re-introduced. The country also adopted the Structural Adjustment Program upon recommendation of the Bretton Woods Institutions.
Since the re-introduction of the multi-party system, the CCM has continued to retain its popularity and the voter's confidence, having won all general elections since 1995. Jakaya Kikwete, the party's presidential candidate in 2005 won the election by a landslide victory receiving more than 80% of the popular vote. [3]
 | This article needs to be updated.(April 2023) |
| Party | Acronym | Founded | Bunge | ZHoR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party of the Revolution Swahili : Chama cha Mapinduzi | CCM | 1977 | 365 / 384 | 84 / 88 | |
| Party for Democracy and Progress Swahili: Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo | CHADEMA | 1992 | 20 / 384 | 0 / 88 | |
| Civic United Front Swahili : Chama cha Wananchi | CUF | 1992 | 3 / 384 | 0 / 88 | |
| Alliance for Change and Transparency Swahili: Umoja wa Mabadiliko na Uwazi | ACT | 2014 | 4 / 384 | 0 / 88 | |
| Tanzania Democratic Alliance | TADEA | 1990 | 0 / 384 | 1 / 88 | |
| Alliance for Democratic Change Swahili: Umoja wa Mabadiliko ya Demokrasia | ADC | 2012 | 0 / 384 | 1 / 88 | |
| Alliance for Tanzania Farmers Party Swahili: Chama cha Wakulima | AFP | 2009 | 0 / 384 | 1 / 88 | |
| Union for Multiparty Democracy | UMD | 1993 | 0 / 384 | 0 / 88 | |
| National Convention for Construction and Reform – Mageuzi Swahili: Chama cha Mageuzi na Ujenzi wa Taifa | NCCR-M | 1992 | 0 / 384 | 0 / 88 | |
| United People's Democratic Party | UPDP | 1993 | 0 / 384 | 0 / 88 | |
| National Reconstruction Alliance | NRA | 1993 | 0 / 384 | 0 / 88 | |
| Democratic Party Swahili: Chama cha Kidemokrasia | DP | 2002 | 0 / 384 | 0 / 88 | |
| United Democratic Party | UDP | 1994 | 0 / 384 | 0 / 88 | |
| Justice and Development Party Swahili: Chama cha Haki na Ustawi | CHAUSTA | 1998 | 0 / 384 | 0 / 88 | |
| Progressive Party of Tanzania – Maendeleo | PPT-Maendeleo | 2003 | 0 / 384 | 0 / 88 | |
| People's Voice Swahili: Sauti ya Umma | SAU | 2005 | 0 / 384 | 0 / 88 | |
| Social Party Swahili: Chama cha Kijamii | CCK | 2012 | 0 / 384 | 0 / 88 | |
| People's Liberation Party Swahili: Chama cha Ukombozi wa Umma | CHAUMMA | 2013 | 0 / 384 | 0 / 88 | |
| This article needs to be updated.(April 2023) |
The modern-day African Great Lakes state of Tanzania dates formally from 1964, when it was formed out of the union of the much larger mainland territory of Tanganyika and the coastal archipelago of Zanzibar. The former was a colony and part of German East Africa from the 1880s to 1919 when, under the League of Nations, it became a British mandate. It served as a British military outpost during World War II, providing financial help, munitions, and soldiers. In 1947, Tanganyika became a United Nations Trust Territory under British administration, a status it kept until its independence in 1961. The island of Zanzibar thrived as a trading hub, successively controlled by the Portuguese, the Sultanate of Oman, and then as a British protectorate by the end of the nineteenth century.
The politics of Tanzania takes place in a framework of a unitary presidential democratic republic, whereby the President of Tanzania is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The party system is dominated by the Chama Cha Mapinduzi. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The national flag of Tanzania consists of a Gold-edged black bend, divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner, with a green upper triangle and light blue lower triangle. Adopted in 1964 to replace the individual flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, it has been the flag of the United Republic of Tanzania since the two states merged that year. The design of the present flag incorporates the elements from the two former flags. It is one of a relatively small number of national flags incorporating a diagonal line, with other examples including the DR Congo, Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago and Brunei.
The Civic United Front is a liberal party in Tanzania. Although nationally based, most of the CUF's support comes from the Zanzibar islands of Unguja and Pemba. The party is a member of Liberal International.
The Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) was the principal political party in the struggle for sovereignty in the East African state of Tanganyika. The party was formed from the Tanganyika African Association by Julius Nyerere in July 1954 when he was teaching at St. Francis' College. From 1964 the party was called the Tanzania African National Union. In January 1977 the TANU merged with the ruling party in Zanzibar, the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP), to form the current Revolutionary State Party or Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM). The policy of TANU was to build and maintain a socialist state aiming towards economic self-sufficiency and to eradicate corruption and exploitation, with the major means of production and exchange under the control of the peasants and workers.
The Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP) was an African nationalist and socialist Zanzibari political party formed between the mostly Shirazi Shiraz Party and the mostly African Afro Party.
The president of Zanzibar is the head of the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, which is a semi-autonomous government within Tanzania. The current president is Hussein Mwinyi. The president is also the chairman of the Revolutionary Council, whose members are appointed by the president, and some of which must be selected from the House of Representatives.
General elections were held in Tanzania on 14 December 2005. Originally scheduled for 30 October, the elections were postponed due to the death of CHADEMA vice-presidential candidate Jumbe Mohamed Jumbe. The elections were the third since the country returned to multi-party rule in 1992. Incumbent President Benjamin Mkapa stepped down after two consecutive terms in accordance with the constitution. Elections for the Presidency of Zanzibar and its House of Representatives took place on 30 October, as scheduled.
Aboud Jumbe Mwinyi was the second President of Zanzibar, serving from 1972 to 1984. He held several other positions, including Chairman of the Zanzibar Revolutionary Council, Vice-President of the Union of Tanzania, and the vice-chairman of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party.
Amaan Stadium is a stadium in Zanzibar, Tanzania. The stadium holds 15,000 people.
The trade unions of Tanzania have a total membership of approximately 370,000. 350,000 of these belong to the Trade Union Congress of Tanzania, another 15,000 to the Zanzibar Trade Union Congress, and 2,400 are members of the Tanzania Fishing Crew and Allied Workers’ Union.
The vice-president of Tanzania holds the second-highest political office in the United Republic of Tanzania. The vice president runs on a single ticket with the President of Tanzania, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession.
General elections were held in Tanzania on 26 October 1980. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Chama Cha Mapinduzi as the sole legal party, following the 1977 merger of the mainland-based Tanganyika African National Union and the Zanzibar-based Afro-Shirazi Party, which had previously operated as the sole legal parties in their areas. For the National Assembly election there were two candidates from the same party in each of the 106 constituencies, whilst the presidential election was effectively a referendum on CCM leader Julius Nyerere's candidacy.
The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, also known as the Permanent Constitution, was ratified in 16 March 1977. Before the current establishment, Tanzania has had three constitutions: the Independence Constitution (1961), the Republican Constitution (1962), and the Interim Constitution of the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (1964).
The Chama Cha Mapinduzi is the dominant ruling party in Tanzania and the second longest-ruling party in Africa, only after the True Whig Party of Liberia. It was formed in 1977, following the merger of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) and the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP), which were the sole operating parties in mainland Tanzania and the semi-autonomous islands of Zanzibar, respectively.
Kingunge Ngombale–Mwiru was a long-term Tanzanian politician.
Zanzibari independence is a political ambition of some political parties, advocacy groups, and individuals of Zanzibar, a semi-autonomous region territory within Tanzania, to become an independent sovereign state.
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