Somaliaportal |
This article lists political parties in Somalia . In 2017 an independent electoral commission was inaugurated with a mandate to oversee the process of registration of political parties in the country, according to Article 47 of the Federal Provisional Constitution which provides for an electoral system. The system guarantees participation of every individual who subscribes to a political party. [1] NIEC has registered over 100 political parties, most of which still operate from outside the country for security reasons. [2]
In October 2019 six parties joined together to form the Forum for National Parties, an alliance founded by former president Sharif Sheikh Ahmed which has come together to address the political and security issues faced by Somalia. [3] The alliance includes Himilo Qaran party, led by current President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, and Peace and Development Party led by former President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. Other key leaders joining the coalition include Ilays party leader Abdulkadir Osoble, former South West President Sharif Hassan and former defense minister Mohamed Abdi, the first interim president of Azania.
During the civilian administration which existed prior to the seizure of power by the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) in 1969, there were a number of local political parties. Most notable of these early institutions was the Somali Youth League, the nation's first political organization. Upon assuming office, the SRC (led by Siad Barre) outlawed all extant political parties, [4] and established the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party to advocate a form of scientific socialism inspired by 1960s Soviet Union. [5] Following the outbreak of the civil war in 1991 that saw the ouster of the Barre regime, many of the few remaining political parties gave way to autonomous or semi-autonomous regional states, or fragmented into feuding militia groups. After several unsuccessful national reconciliation efforts, a Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was formed in 2000 with a five-year mandate leading toward the establishment of a new constitution and a transition to a representative government. [6] The Federal Government of Somalia was established on August 20, 2012, concurrent with the end of the TFG's interim mandate. It represents the first permanent central government in the country since the start of the civil war. [7]
On 29 May 2017, the Somali Political Parties Registration Office was established in Mogadishu. The office's job is to bring the country to the party system and remove it from the current 4.5 clan power-sharing system. [8] [9] On 3 December 2017, the Independent Electoral Commission began registering political parties in Somalia for the first time in 50 years. [10]
As of 2023, the National Independent Electoral Commission (NIEC) has registered a total of 110 parties. [11]
Name | Ideology | Note |
---|---|---|
Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia | Islamic democracy | Formed after dissolution of Islamic Courts Union |
Greater Somalia League | Somali nationalism Greater Somalia | Formed by dissidents of the Somali Youth League |
Somali African National Union | Somali nationalism | Ally of the Somali Youth League |
Somali National Alliance | Hawiye's interests Anti-communism | Political alliance |
Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party | Islamic socialism Marxism–Leninism Pan-Somalism Scientific socialism Somali nationalism | Party of Siad Barre |
Somali Youth League | Somali nationalism | First party in Somalia |
United Somali Congress | Anti-communism | Rebel organisation |
United Somali Parliamentarians | Big tent | Group of parliamentarians in the transitional parliament |
Work and Socialism Party | Socialism | Small leftist party |
Peace and Development Party | Islamic democracy | Party with ties to the Muslim Brotherhood |
Daljir Party | Liberalism Cultural conservatism Islamic democracy | Former islamist party |
As of May 2020, there are 17 registered political parties in Puntland. [12]
Name | Ideology | Note |
---|---|---|
Horseed | Conservatism | First political party in Puntland |
Justice and Equality | Islamic democracy | New political organisation |
Kaah | Democracy | Ruling party |
Ururka Dadka Puntland | Democracy | Previously the ruling party |
Name | Ideology | Seats |
---|---|---|
For Justice and Development | Democratic socialism Social democracy | 21 / 82 |
Kulmiye | Social liberalism | 30 / 82 |
Waddani | Nationalism Populism Islamic democracy | 31 / 82 |
Hassan Abshir Farah was a Somali politician. He previously served as mayor of Mogadishu and interior minister of Puntland. From November 12, 2001 to November 8, 2003, he was also prime minister of Somalia. Farah was an MP in the Federal Parliament of Somalia.
The South-West State of Somalia, is a Federal Member State in southwestern Somalia. It was founded by Hasan Muhammad Nur Shatigadud, leader of the Somalia RRA on 1 April 2002. It was the third autonomous region to be established.
The president of Somalia is the head of state of Somalia. The president is also commander-in-chief of the Somali Armed Forces. The president represents the Federal Republic of Somalia, and the unity of the Somali nation, as well as ensuring the implementation of the Constitution of Somalia and the organised and harmonious functioning of the organs of state. Currently, the president of Somalia is indirectly elected, chosen by the Federal Parliament of Somalia.
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed was a Somali politician and former colonel in the Somali National Army. He was one of the founders of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front, as well as the Puntland state of Somalia, the latter of which he served as the first president. In 2004, Ahmed also helped establish the Transitional Federal Government, which he led as President of Somalia from 2004 until 2008.
During the civilian administration that existed prior to the seizure of power by the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) in 1969, there were a number of local political parties. Most notable of these early institutions was the Somali Youth League, the nation's first political organization. Upon assuming office, the Siad Barre-led SRC outlawed all extant political parties and advocated a form of scientific socialism inspired by Maoist China and the Soviet Union.
The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was internationally recognized as a provisional government of the Republic of Somalia from 14 October 2004 until 20 August 2012, when its tenure officially ended and the Federal Government of Somalia was inaugurated.
Following the civil war and the ensuing societal chaos, some factions managed to exert a degree of authority over certain regions of Somalia where they maintained broad, clan-based support. This allowed these factions to establish working administrations and eventually coherent states, and restored order to their regions. This occurred first in Puntland, Southwestern Somalia, Galmudug, Jubaland and finally Banadir.
Sharif Hassan Sheikh Adan is a Somali politician. He is a former Minister of Finance of Somalia, and the last speaker of the Transitional Federal Parliament (TFP).
The transitional federal government (TFG) was the government of Somalia between 2004 and 2012. Established 2004 in Djibouti through various international conferences, it was an attempt to restore national institutions to the country after the 1991 collapse of the Siad Barre government and the ensuing Somali Civil War.
Abdirahman Mohamed Mohamoud Farole is a Somali politician. He served for many years in the government, acting as a governor of the Nugal region of Somalia in the 1990s and later as the Minister of Finance of the autonomous Puntland region in the northeast. From 8 January 2009 to 8 January 2014, Farole was also the President of Puntland. Farole's multipronged efforts at creating provisions and collaboration with international polities and organizations resulted in a drastic decrease in piracy along the Marinka Gardafuul.
Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, popularly known as Omar Sharmarke, is a Somali diplomat and politician. From 2009 to 2010, he was the Prime Minister of Somalia. He subsequently briefly served as Somalia's Ambassador to the United States in 2014. In December 2014, Sharmarke was reappointed Prime Minister of Somalia. His term ended on 1 March 2017, and he was replaced by Hassan Ali Khaire.
GeneralAbdisamad Ali Shire was a Vice President of Puntland. From January 8, 2009, to January 8, 2014, he also served as Somali military service.
Indirect presidential elections were held in Somalia on 10 September 2012. The newly appointed Federal Parliament elected Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as the first president of Somalia since the dissolution of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG). The election had previously been scheduled for 20 August, the same day that the mandate of the TFG expired, but was rescheduled for a later date.
The Federal Parliament of Somalia is the national parliament of Somalia. Formed in August 2012, it is based in the capital Mogadishu and is bicameral, consisting of an Upper House (Senate) and a Lower House.
Jubaland, the Juba Valley or Azania, is a Federal Member State in southern Somalia. Its eastern border lies 40–60 km (25–35 mi) east of the Jubba River, stretching from Gedo to the Indian Ocean, while its western side flanks the North Eastern Province in Kenya, which was carved out of Jubaland during the colonial period.
The following lists events that happened during 2011 in Somalia.
Presidential elections were held in Somalia in 15 May 2022. The election was held indirectly and after the elections for the House of the People, which began on 1 November 2021 and ended on 13 April 2022.
In 2021, elections for the Federal Parliament and subsequently the President of Somalia were due to take place, following a national agreement to reschedule them from the previous year due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country.
The Political history of Somalia covers the development of the Somali government and institutional systems following the collapse of the Siad Barre regime in 1991.
Sharif Sheikh Ahmed's tenure as the 7th President of Somalia began with his inauguration on 31 January 2009 and ended on 20 August, 2012. His administration successfully brought the Federal Government of Somalia through transitional status following the collapse of the previous governing administration in 1991.