List of political parties in Egypt

This article is about political parties formed in Egypt after the current 1977 party law. For political party life before 1977, see List of former political parties in Egypt.

Egypt has had differing multi-party systems over the last century and a half, with a hiatus between 1953 and 1977, after which the current party law was enacted. ^[1] Nevertheless, in practice the National Democratic Party was the long-time ruling party and dominated the Egyptian political arena, first under president Anwar Sadat, and then president Hosni Mubarak from its foundation in 1978, up until its dissolution in the wake of the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, and the ousting of Mubarak. Under Mubarak, opposition parties were allowed, but were widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power. On 28 March 2011, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces amended Political Party Law 40/1977, ^[1] easing restrictions on the legal establishment of new political parties in Egypt, where many new parties covering the political spectrum were formed. After the 2013 popular coup/revolution, and a further seismic political shift, another wave of new parties were formed, a large number of which were aligned with current non-partisan president, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. ^[2] In December 2020, final results of the parliamentary election confirmed a clear majority of the pro-Sisi Mostaqbal Watan (Nation’s Future) Party. ^[3]

Restricted partisan pluralism (1977 – 25 January 2011)

Under the new Infitah (liberal realignment) of president Anwar Sadat, and in the aftermath of the 1973 October War and the peace process with Israel, Sadat’s decree in March 1976 founded a three-party platform within the framework of the Arab Socialist Union, representing the right, the center and the left, before spinning them off on 22 November of the same year into political parties. ^[4] These three parties, were the first nucleus of the restricted partisan pluralism allowed by the Political Parties Law 40/1977: ^{[4] [1]}

• Egyptian Arab Socialist Party (1976).
• The Socialist Liberal Party (1976–2011).
• National Progressive Unionist Party (Ḥizb al-Tagammu' al-Watani al-Taqadomi al-Wahdawi – 1976).
• Parties established later by declaration by the Parties Affairs Committee (10): ^[4]
• The New Wafd Party (1978).
• The National Democratic Party (1978–2011).
• The Socialist Labour Party (1978).
• The National Conciliation Party (2000).
• Al-Ghad Party (2004).
• The Free Social Constitutional Party (Al-Hizb Al-Distouri – 2004).
• The Democratic Peace Party (2005).
• The Conservative Party (2006).
• The Free Republican Party (Al-Hizb al-Gomhory al-Ahrar – 2006).
• The Democratic Front Party (2007).

Parties established by judicial rulings (11): ^[4]

• The National Umma Party (1983).
• The Democratic Unionist Party (1990).
• The Egyptian Green Party (1990).
• Young Egypt Party (Misr Al-Fatah – 1990).
• People's Democratic Party (1992).
• The Arab Democratic Nasserist Party (1992).
• Social Justice Party (1993).
• The Solidarity Party (Hizb Al-Takaful – 1995).
• Egypt 2000 Party (2001).
• Democratic Generation Party (Hizb El-Geel Al-Democrati – 2002).
• Egypt Youth Party (2005)

Post-2011 revolution (2011–2013)

In the wake of the January 2011 uprising in Egypt, the deposition of Hosni Mubarak and dissolution of his National Democratic Party that ruled for over three decades, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces issued a decree-law 12/2011 amending certain provisions of the Political Parties Law 40/1977, ^[5] after which many parties were formed.

The legislation was however criticized as discriminatory. Under the law new parties are now required to have at least 5,000 members from at least ten of Egypt's provinces. Originally, new parties were only required to have 1,000 members. This was cited as a barrier for new parties before parliamentary elections which took place at the end of 2011 and beginning of 2012. ^[6] Also, new party leaders are required to raise at least LE1 million to publish the names of the founding members in two widely circulated dailies, seen as favoring wealthier interests. ^[7] No parties are able to form on the basis of religion or class, ruling out the formation of Islamic and labor parties. ^[6] However, in practice, religious parties have been allowed. After first being denied a license by the political parties commission, ^[8] the Supreme Administrative Court allowed Gamaa Islamiya to form the Building and Development Party. ^[9] The political parties commission allowed the Al Nour Party to be approved in May 2011, in part because it does not refer to the hudud in their electoral program. ^[10] An article on the Daily News Egypt website states that religious parties have gone around the ban by not explicitly advocating a state based on Islam in their political programs. ^[11]

• Freedom and Justice Party (2011–2014)
• Ghad al-Thawra (splintered from Al-Ghad – 2011)
• Free Egyptians party (Al-Masrieen Al-Ahrar – 2011)
• The Conference Party (Al-Mo'tamar)
• The Socialist Popular Alliance Party (Al-Tahaluf al-Sha'bi – 2011)
• The Egyptian Social Democratic Party (Al-Masri El-Democrati, merger of the Liberal Egyptian Party, and the Egyptian Democratic Party – 2011)
• Al-Nour Party (2011)
• The Justice Party (Al-Adl – 2011)
• The Constitution Party (Al-Dostour – 2012)
• Republican People's Party (Al Shaab Al-Gomhouri – 2012)

Post-2013 popular coup/revolution (2013–present)

On July 3, 2013, president Mohamed Morsi, the leader of the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) was removed from power in the aftermath of the June 30 popular coup/revolution, which later resulted in a new (2014) constitution banning parties based on religion, effectively dissolving the dominant FJP. ^[12]

In June 2014, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi became Egypt's first president not affiliated with a political party. ^{[13] [2]} However, a number of pro-Sisi parties have since formed, ^[3] and by 2018, 104 political parties were officially registered and approved by the Committee of Parties. ^[4]

• Bread and Freedom Party (splintered from Social Popular Alliance – 2013, provisional)
• Homeland Defenders Party (Homat Watan – 2013)
• Sadat Democratic Party (2014)
• Nation's Future Party (Mostakbal Watan – 2014)
• Popular Current (Al-Tayyar al-Shaabi – 2014)
• June 30 Party (2015)

List of currently active parties

Egyptian politics are subject to unique circumstances and often defy simple classification in terms of the political spectrum. Currently, over 100 registered political parties in Egypt exist. ^[14] Groups are sometimes associated with the political left or right, especially in international circles, according to their stance on issues. While the current Egyptian constitution prohibits the formation of political parties based on religion, there are parties that seek to establish Islamic sharia laws, or uphold the article in the constitution that states that sharia law is the main source of legislation, and others that support the formation of a secular state. The following is a categorization of political parties based on their social, economical, and political orientation, as well as their legal status: ^{[15] [16]}

Parties represented in the House of Representatives or the Senate

Name		Founded	Leader	Political position	Ideology	Senate	House	Position on 2013 Egyptian coup d'état and 2011 Egyptian revolution
	Nation's Future Party حزب مستقبل وطن Hizb Mustaqbal Watan	2014	Abdel-Wahab Abdel-Razeq	Big tent	Egyptian nationalism Economic liberalism Militarism	149 / 300	316 / 596	Pro-Coup
	Republican People's Party حزب الشعب الجمهورى Hezb al-Shaeb al-Gomhuri	2012	Hazem Omar	Centre-left	Egyptian nationalism Secularism Militarism Liberalism	17 / 300	50 / 596	Pro-Coup
	New Wafd Party حزب الوفد المصري Ḥizb al-Wafd al-Jadīd	1978	Bahaa El-Din Abu Shoka	Centre-right	Egyptian nationalism Secularism Conservatism Liberal conservatism Economic liberalism National liberalism Conservative liberalism	10 / 300	26 / 596	Anti-Coup
	Homeland Defenders Party حزب حماة الوطن Ḥizb Hamaat al-Watan	2013	Galal Haridy	Centre to centre-right	Centrism Militarism	11 / 300	23 / 596	Pro-Coup
	Modern Egypt Party حزب مصر الحديثة Ḥizb Masr al-Haditha	2011	Nabil Deibis	Centre to centre-right	Liberalism	4 / 300	11 / 596	Pro-Coup
	Reform and Development Party حزب الأصلاح و التنمية Ḥizb al-Islah wa al-Tanmiyah	2009	Mohamed Anwar Esmat Sadat	Centre	Market liberalism	3 / 300	9 / 596	Anti-Coup
	Egyptian Social Democratic Party الحزب المصرى الديمقراطى الاجتماعى al-Ḥizb al-Maṣrī al-Dimuqrāṭī al-Ijtmāʿī	2011	Mervat Tallawy	Centre-left	Secularism Social democracy Social liberalism Progressivism	3 / 300	7 / 596	Anti-Coup
	Egyptian Freedom Party  [ ar ] حزب الحرية المصري Hizb al-Huriyat al-Misriu	2011	Ahmed Muhanna	Big tent	Liberalism	1 / 300	7 / 596	Anti-Coup
	Egyptian Conference Party حزب المؤتمر المصري Ḥizb al-Muʾtamar al-Maṣrī	2012	Omar El-Mokhtar Semeida	Centre to centre-left	Big tent Social liberalism	3 / 300	7 / 596	Anti-Coup
	Al-Nour Party حزب النور Ḥizb an-Nūr	2011	Younes Makhioun	Far-right	Salafi Islamism Wahhabism Madkhalism	2 / 300	7 / 596	Pro-Coup
	National Progressive Unionist Rally Party حزب التجمع الوطني التقدمي الوحدوي Ḥizb al-Tagammu' al-Watani al-Taqadomi al-Wahdawi	1977	Sayed Abdel Aal	Left-wing	Nasserism Left-wing nationalism Democratic socialism Left-wing populism	4 / 300	6 / 596	Anti-Coup
	Justice Party حزب العدل Ḥizb el-Adl	2011	Hamdi Stouhi	Centre	Big tent Secularism	1 / 300	2 / 596
	Erdat Gil Party  [ ar ] حزب إرادة جيل Ḥizb 'Iiradat Jil	2019	Tayseer Matar			1 / 300	1 / 596
	Egyptian Patriotic Movement الحركة الوطنية المصرية Ḥizb al-Ḥarakat al-Waṭaniyya al-Miṣriyya [17]	2012	Sayed Abdel Aal		Secularism	2 / 300	0 / 596
	Sadat Democratic Party حزب السادات الديمقراطي Hizb al-Saadat al-Diymuqratii	2014	Effat Sadat		Nationalism	1 / 300	0 / 596

Non-represented parties

Party name English	Party name Arabic	Ideology	Political position	Legal status	Founded	Role in 2011 Egyptian Revolution	Notes
Revolutionary Guards Party [18]	حزب حراس الثورة
Human Rights and Citizenship Party [19]	حزب حقوق الانسان والمواطنة	Centrism		27 September 2011 [20]
New Independent Party [18]	الحزب المستقل الجديد						Created by former members of the National Democratic Party [18]
Popular Current Party [21]	at-tāyar ash-shāʿībi al-masri التيار الشعبي المصري			21 September 2014 [22]
Consciousness Party [23]	حزب الوعي			2011 [24]
Knights of Egypt Party [25]	فرسان حزب مصر Forsan Masr	Liberalism [25]					Founded by former members of the Egyptian military [25]
National Bloc [26]	لكتلة الوطنية [26]						Founded by former members of the Constitution Party [26]
Arabism Egypt Party [27]							Founded by Sami Anan [27]
Arabic Popular Movement [28]							Founded by members of the Tamarod movement [28]
Egyptian Hope Party [29]		Pragmatism [29]					Founded by former members of the Constitution Party [29]
Youth for Egypt Party [30]		Islamism [31]					Founded by former members of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood [30]
My Homeland Egypt Party [32]	Misr Baladi [32]						Founded by former National Democratic Party members [32]
Bread and Freedom Party [33]	Eish we Horria [33]	Socialism [33]	Left [33]		2013 [33]		Founded by former members of the Socialist Popular Alliance Party [33]
Democratic Jihad Party [34]		Islamism	Centrism [34]				Founded by former members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad group [34]
Egyptian Will Party [35]							Founded by retired members of the Egyptian military [35]
Constitution Party	El-Dostour	Big tent, Liberalism	Centre-left	2012 [36]	2012	Supported	Founded by Mohamed ElBaradei
Al Ansar Party [37]		Islamism, Salafism [38]
Flag Party [37]		Islamism, Salafism					Founded by Hazem Salah Abu Ismail [37]
We Are the People Party [39]				2014 [40]			Founded by former members of the parliament [41]
Nubian Nile Party [42]
Homeland Party [43]	Al-Watan [43]	Islamism, Salafism [43]		2013 [44]	2013 [43]		Founded by Emad Abdel Ghaffour [43]
Pioneer Party	Al Riyada [45]			Unregistered	2011 [46]		Founded by former members of the Muslim Brotherhood [47]
Victory Party	El Nasr [48]	Sufism					Founded by a Sufi order [48]
Arab Party for Justice and Equality [49]	El Hezb el Araby lel Adl wel Mosawa [49]	Arab nationalism			2011 [49]		Arab Bedouin tribes in Sinai and Upper Egypt
Social Peace Party [50]	Al Salam el Egtemaii [50]	Social liberalism	Third Way		2011 [50]
You Are Egyptian Party [51]	Enta Masry [51]				2011 [51]
Revolution Egypt Party [52]	Masr El Thawra [52]	Liberal democracy			2011 [52]
Free Egypt Party [53]	Masr el Horra [53]				2011 [53]
Quiver Party [54]	El Kenana				2009 [54]
Voice of Freedom Party [55]	Sot el Horreya [55]	Islamism, Sufism					Rifa’i Sufi order [55]
Workers and Peasants Party [56]	el Ommal wel Fallahin	Socialism [56]	Left [56]				Founded by Kamal Khalil [56]
Life of the Egyptians Party [57]	Hayat el Masreyyn [58]	Secularism [57]					Founded by former MP Mohamed Abu Hamed [59]
Egyptian Alliance Party [60]					2011 [60]
Equality and Development Party [61]						Supported [62]
Egyptian Reform Party [63]		Islamism, Salafism [63]	Right	Unregistered	2011 [64]		Young Salafis [63]
National Party of Egypt	Masr el Qawmi [65]				2011 [65]
Egyptian Citizen Party	El Mowaten el Masri [65]	Big tent			2011 [65]
Egypt Renaissance Party	Nahdet Masr [65]
Egypt Development Party	Masr el Tanmeya [65]
Egypt Revival Party	Masr el Nahda [65]						Founded by Hossam Badrawi [65]
Union Party	El Etehad [65]	Centrism			2011 [65]		Founded by Hossam Badrawi [65]
Beginning Party	El Bedaya [65]				2011 [65]
Reform and Renaissance Party	El Eslah wel Nahda [66]	Islamism [66]		Unregistered	2011 [66]
Egyptian Change and Development Party		Islamism [67]		Unregistered
Islamic Party [68]		Islamism [69]	Far-right
Virtue Party [70]	El Fadila [70]	Islamism, Salafism [71] [72]	Right	2011 [71]
Arab Unification Party [73]	El Tawhid el Arabi [67]	Pan-Arabism, Islamism [73]	Right	2011 [73]
Renaissance Party [74]	El Nahda [74]	Islamism, Salafism [72]	Right
Authenticity Party	El-Asala [72]	Islamism, Salafism	Far-right	2011 [72]
People Party	El Shaab [75]	Islamism	Right	Unregistered	2012		Salafi Front
Egyptian Nation Party	El Omma el Masreya	Islamism, Salafism	Right	Unregistered	2012
Egypt the Future Party [76]	Masr el Mostaqbal	Moderate Islamism	Centrism [77]		2012 [78]		Founded by Amr Khaled
New Labour Party [79]	El Amal el gadid [79]	Islamism, Salafist [79]
Strong Egypt Party [80]	Masr Al-Qaweya	Moderate Islamism	Centrist	Registered [81]	2012	Supported	Founded by Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh
Life Party	El Haya	Liberalism, Secularism, Coptic interests	Centrism	2011	2011	Supported	Founded by Coptic Activist Micheal Meunier
Egyptian Current Party	El Tayyar el Masri	Moderate Islamism	Centrism	Registered	2011	Supported	Youths of Muslim Brotherhood
Unity Democratic Egyptian Party	El Wehda el Dimoqrati el Masri	Moderate, Secularism	Centrism	Unregistered	2012
Egyptian Arab Union Party	El Etehad el Masri el Arabi	Pan-Arabism, Secularism	Centrism	Registered	2011
Justice Party [82]	El Adl	Liberalism, Secularism	Centrism	Registered	2011	Supported	April 6 Movement, National Association for Change, Kefaya
Arab Democratic Nasserist Party	El Arabi el Dimoqrati el Nasseri	Nasserism, Secularism	Left	Registered	1992
Building and Development Party	El Benaa wel Tanmeya	Islamism	Right	Registered	2011
Al-Wasat Party	El Wasat	Moderate Islamism	Centrism	2011 [83]	1996	Supported	Branching from the Muslim Brotherhood
Conservative Party	El Mohafezin	Conservatism, Secularism	Centre-right	Registered	2006
Democratic Front Party	El Gabha el Dimoqrateya	Liberalism, Secularism	Centrism	Registered	2007
Democratic Generation Party	El Geel el Dimoqrati	Secularism, Liberal democracy		Registered	2002	Opposed
Democratic Peace Party	El Salam el Dimoqrati	Secularism		Registered	2005
Democratic Union Party	El Etehad el Dimoqrati	Secularism		Registered	1990
Dignity Party	El Karama	Nasserism, Secularism	Left			Supported
Egypt 2000 Party	Masr 2000	Anti-globalization, Secularism			2001	Opposed
Egyptian Communist Party	El Shoiou'i el Masri	Communism	Far left		1975	Supported
Egypt Youth Party	Shabab Misr	Secularism			2005
Egyptian Arab Socialist Party	Masr el Arabi el Eshteraki	Pan-Arabism	Left		1977	Opposed
Free Egyptians Party	El Masreyyn el Ahrar	Liberalism, Liberal Democracy, Capitalism, Free Market	Right		2011	Support [84]
Free Republican Party	El Gomhouri el Hor				2006	Opposed
Free Social Constitutional Party	El Dostouri el Egtemai' el Hor	Secularism, Liberal Democracy			2004
Freedom Egypt Party	Masr el Horreya	Social democracy, Secularism,	Centre-left		2011	Supported
Green Party of Egypt	El Khodr	Green politics, Secularism	Left		1990	Opposed
Liberal Egyptian Party	El Masri El Liberali	Secularism, Liberalism, Pharaonism, Egyptian nationalism, Liberal Democracy	Centre	Awaiting license
Liberal Socialists Party	El Ahrar el Eshterakeyyn	Liberalism	Centre-right		1977	Opposed
National Conciliation Party	El Wifak el Watani	Secularism			2000
Liberation Party	Hizb ut-Tahrir	Islamism	Far-right	Operational	1953, 1974		Founded by Taqiuddin al-Nabhani
People's Democratic Party	El Shaab el Dimoqrati	Secularism, Liberal Democracy		Currently frozen	1992
Popular Socialist Alliance Party	El tahalof el Shaabi el Eshteraki	Socialism, Secularism	Far Left		2011
Social Justice Party	El Adala el Egtemaei'a	Islamic socialism	Left	Registered	1993	Opposed
Egyptian Islamic Labour Party	El Amal el Islami el masri	Islamism		Suspended	1978
Socialist Party of Egypt	El Eshteraki el Masri	Democratic Socialism, Secularism	Left		2011	Supported
Solidarity Party	El takafol				1995
Tomorrow Party	El Ghad	Liberalism, Secularism	Centrism		2004	Opposed
The Revolution's Tomorrow	Ghad el Thawra	Liberalism, Secularism	Centrism		2011	Supported
Workers Democratic Party	El Ommal el Dimoqrati	Socialism, Secularism	Left	Awaiting license	2011
Young Egypt Party	Masr el Fatah	Islamism, Pan-Arabism			1990

Active Egyptian political alliances

Alliance name (English)	Alliance name (Arabic)	Political orientation	Religious orientation	Legal status	Founded	Member parties
Civil Democratic Movement [85]						Reform and Development Misruna Party, Socialist Popular Alliance Party, Constitution Party, Justice Party, Egyptian Social Democratic Party, Dignity Party, Freedom Egypt Party, Bread and Freedom Party [85]
Egypt [86]						Arab Democratic Nasserist Party, Arab Party for Justice and Equality, Democratic Generation Party, Democratic Peace Party, Egyptian Arab Socialist Party, Egyptian Patriotic Movement, My Homeland Egypt Party, Social Construction Party, Tomorrow Party, Victory Party, Voice of Egypt Party [86]
National Front Alliance [87]	تحالف الجبهة الوطنية					Egyptian Democratic, Nasserist Party, Future of Egypt Party, Dignity Party, [88] Tagammu Party [89]
For the Love of Egypt [90]	Fee Hob Misr					Free Egyptians Party, [90] New Wafd Party, [91] Nation's Future Party, [92] Conference Party, [93] Conservative Party, Tamarod, Tomorrow Party, Sadat Democratic Party, [94] Modern Egypt Party, [95] Reform and Renaissance Party [96]
Call of Egypt [97]						Human Rights and Citizenship Party, We Are the People Party, [97] New Independent Party, [98] Arab Party for Justice and Equality, Homeland Defenders Party [99]
Independent Current Coalition [100]						Democratic Peace Party, [101] Egyptian Arab Socialist Party [102]
Egyptian Front						Modern Egypt Party, Republican People's Party, [103] National Party of Egypt, Egyptian Liberation Party, [104] Tomorrow Party, [105] Egyptian Patriotic Movement, My Homeland Egypt Party, Democratic Generation Party, Tomorrow Party [106]
Anti-Coup Alliance [107]			Islamist [108]		27 June 2013 [108]	Building and Development Party, Freedom and Justice Party, New Labour Party, Virtue Party, Egyptian Reform Party, Authenticity Party, People Party [109]

Inactive Egyptian political alliances

Alliance name (English)	Alliance name (Arabic)	Political orientation	Religious orientation	Legal status	Founded	Member parties
Long Live Egypt [110]						New Dawn Party, Egyptian Revolution Party [111]
Social Justice Coalition [112]		Leftist [112]				National Association for Change, Nasserist People's Congress Party, National Conciliation Party, [112] Revolution Egypt Party, Liberal Socialist Party, People Party, Democratic Union Party, Free Social Constitutional Party, Egypt's Future Party, Socialist Labour Party, Revolutionary Rescue Party, [113] Egyptian National Council, Greenpeace Movement, Coalition of Egyptians Abroad, National Youth Council, [114] Senior Nasserist Conference [115]
Civil Democratic Current [116]						Dignity Party, Constitution Party, Socialist Popular Alliance Party, Freedom Egypt Party, [116] Popular Current Party, [117] Bread and Freedom Party, [118] Socialist Party of Egypt, [119] Egyptian Social Democratic Party [120]
Reawakening of Egypt [121]						National Bloc, [122] Socialist Party of Egypt, [123] Egyptian Communist Party, [124] Civil Democratic Current, [125] Egyptian Democratic, Nasserist Party, Future of Egypt Party [88] Tagammu Party [89] [126] Socialist Popular Alliance Party, [127] Justice Party, [128] Reform and Renaissance Party [129]
Leftist Alliance [130]		Leftism [131]				Tagammu, Socialist Popular Alliance Party, Egyptian Communist Party, Socialist Party of Egypt [130]
Egypt's Unity [132]	وحدة مصر
Islamic Alliance to Support Egypt [133]	إسلاميون لدعم مصر					Free Front of the Islamic Group, Reform of the Islamic Group, Revolt of the Islamic Group, Brotherhood Dissidents, Brotherhood Without Violence [133]
National Alliance [134]						My Homeland Egypt Party, [135] Egyptian Patriotic Movement, Democratic Generation Party, [136] Egyptian Arab Socialist Party, [102] Revolutionary Forces Bloc, [137] Free Egyptians Party [121]
Egyptian Wafd Alliance [138]						New Wafd Party, Reform and Development Misruna Party, Conservative Party, Consciousness Party, [138] Arab Alliance Party, Arab Party for Justice and Equality, [139] Reform and Renaissance Party, [140]
Nation Alliance [141]						Flag Party, Egyptian Reform Party, Authenticity Party, People Party, Islamic Party, Virtue Party, New Labour Party [141]
Islamist coalition [142]			Islamist [142]			Egyptian Nation Party [142]
Centrist Coalition [143]				Unregistered		Civilization Party, Wasat Party [143]
Free Nation Coalition [43]			Islamist [43]	Unregistered		Homeland Party, Building and Development Party [144]
Independent Party Current [145]				Unregistered		Democratic Peace Party [145]
National Salvation Front [146]				Unregistered		Egyptian Social Democratic Party, New Wafd Party, Farmers General Syndicate [147] Constitution Party, Egyptian Popular Current, Socialist Popular Alliance Party [146] National Association for Change [148] National Progressive Unionist Party, [149] Conference Party, Reform and Development Misruna Party, Dignity Party [150] Socialist Party of Egypt [151] Egypt's Future Party, [152] Democratic Generation Party, Social Peace Party, Freedom Party, [153] Freedom Egypt Party, [154] Egyptian Communist Party [155] Free Egyptians Party, Arab Democratic Nasserist Party [156]
Coalition for the Defense of Sharia [157]		Islamist	Islamic	Unregistered		Freedom and Justice Party, Building and Development Party, Al Nour Party [158] Safety and Development Party, Authenticity Party, People Party, [159] Egyptian Reform Party [160]
Civil Democratic Movement [161]			Secular [161]	Unregistered		Arab Democratic Nasserist Party, Democratic Front Party, Egyptian Communist Party, Free Egyptians Party, Freedom Egypt Party, Egyptian Green Party, Ghad El-Thawra Party, Life of the Egyptians Party,Liberal Constitutional Party,Liberals Party, New Wafd Party, Socialist Popular Alliance Party, Young Egypt Party [161]
Egyptian Nation Alliance [162]		Social Liberalism, Liberal democracy, Big tent	Liberal	Unregistered	27 September 2012	Conference Party, [163] New Wafd Party, Free Egyptians Party [164] Socialist Party of Egypt, Egyptian Communist Party, Socialist Popular Alliance Party, Socialist Revolutionary Movement (January), Tagammu Party, Workers Democratic Party, Workers and Peasants Party, Egyptian Popular Current [165] Reform and Development Party [166] Egyptian Social Democratic Party [167] Egyptian Renaissance Party, Victory Party, Egyptian Liberation Party, Dignity Party [168]
Social Justice Coalition			Secular	Unregistered		Egyptian Social Democratic Party, Socialist Party of Egypt, Constitution Party,Popular Coalition [77]
The Egyptian Bloc	الكتلة المصرية	Social Liberalism, Liberal democracy	Liberal	Registered	16 August 2011	Free Egyptians Party, Egyptian Social Democratic Party, Tagammu [169]
Revolutionary Democratic Coalition [170]	التحالف الديمقراطي الثوري	Leftism		Unregistered	19 September 2012	Socialist Party of Egypt, Tagammu Party, Workers and Peasants Party, Egyptian Communist Party, Egyptian Coalition to Fight Corruption, Socialist Revolutionary Movement (January), Socialist Youth Union, Mina Daniel Movement
Coalition of the People's Representatives [171] [172]				Unregistered
Egyptian Popular Current	التيار الشعبي المصري	Big tent [173]		Unregistered	21 September 2012
Moderate Current Coalition		Centrism	Moderate Islamism	Non-registered		Wasat Party, Egyptian Current, Strong Egypt, Civilization Party, Justice Party
Democratic Alliance for Egypt	التحالف الديمقراطي من أجل مصر	Nationalist, Islamist	Mainly Islamic	Registered	June 2011	Democratic Generation Party, Egyptian Arab Socialist Party, Ghad El-Thawra Party, Dignity Party, Labour Party, Ahrar Party, Egyptian Reform Party, Reform and Renaissance Party, Freedom and Justice Party,Freedom and Development Party [174]
The Revolution Continues Alliance	تحالف الثورة مستمرة	Center-left	Mainly Secular	Registered	23 October 2011	Freedom Egypt Party, Egyptian Alliance Party, Equality and Development Party
Islamist Bloc	الكتلة الإسلامية	Far-right	Islamist (hardline Salafi)			Al Nour Party, Building and Development Party, Authenticity Party

See also

• Politics of Egypt
• Lists of political parties

References

1. "Political Parties Law 40/1977 with amendments through March 2011". The Official Gazette. 1977.
2. Dunne, Michelle; Hamzawy, Amr (31 March 2017). "Egypt's Secular Political Parties: A Struggle for Identity and Independence". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
3. "Pro-Sisi party wins majority in Egypt's parliamentary polls". Reuters. 14 December 2020.
4. "Political Parties In Egypt". sis.gov.eg. 18 May 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
5. "Political Parties Law 40/1977 with amendments through March 2011". The Official Gazette. 1977.
6. "Egypt's new Political Party Law fails to please everyone". Egypt Independent. 29 March 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
7. "Egypt's workers: Between party politics and unionization". Egypt Independent. 1 May 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
8. "Commission denies Islamists permit to form electoral party". Egypt Independent. 19 September 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
9. "Two Egypt Liberal, Islamist parties approved by Administrative Court". Egypt Independent. 10 October 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
10. "Islamist leader lashes out at government's refusal to grant party license". Egypt Independent. 20 September 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
11. "Salafis, dark horse of Egypt's vote, seek to assure Copts". Daily News Egypt. 2 December 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
12. Yussef Auf (25 November 2014). "Political Islam's Fate in Egypt Lies in the Hands of the Courts". Atlantic Council. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
13. "El-Sisi sworn in as Egypt president". Ahram Online. 8 June 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
14. "Ahead of the parliamentary race, what's left of Egypt's political parties?". Ahram Online. 7 September 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
15. "Explainer: Egypt's crowded political arena". Al Jazeera English. 17 November 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
16. "Egypt Elections: How would you vote? (vote compass containing position of Egyptian parties on various issues)". Al Jazeera English. 28 November 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
17. "Shafiq to launch 'Egyptian Patriotic Movement' political party". Ahram Online. 17 September 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
18. "What's What". Connected in Cairo. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
19. "السبت..تدشين ائتلاف"نداء مصر"على غرار"نداء تونس"لخوض منافسةحزب الصرح: ائتلاف "نداء مصر" مستمر بعد الانتخاباتالبرلمانية المقبلة". Youm7. 27 December 2014.
20. "حزب حقوق الإنسان والمواطنة". State Information Service. 20 October 2011.
21. "Popular Current seeks to become new political party under youth leadership". Cairo Post. 21 September 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
22. "Sabahi's Popular Current turns into political party". Aswat Masriya. 21 September 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
23. "Early second round results: FJP, Nour Party lists on top". Egypt Independent. 16 December 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
24. "Tuesday's papers: Striking teachers attacked". Egypt Independent. 20 September 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
25. "Egypt's Knights to the rescue". Mada Masr. 7 October 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
26. "من قيادات "الدستور" المستقيلين يشكلون "الكتلة الوطنية" لخوض الانتخابات". Al Masry Al Youm. 10 December 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
27. "Anan will officially declare new political party". Cairo Post. 14 June 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
28. "Tamarod to announce its new political party's program". Cairo Post. 1 July 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
29. "Dostor members break away, form new Egyptian Hope Party for elections". Cairo Post. 8 July 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
30. "What Does the Muslim Brotherhood Want?". Al Monitor. 9 October 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
31. "Brotherhood dissidents to form Islamist electoral alliance with Nour Party". Egypt Independent. 25 March 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
32. "Al-Sisi's 'Greetings to Egypt'". Al-Ahram Weekly. 3 April 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
33. "New socialist party launched in Egypt". Ahram Online. 25 November 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
34. "Ex-Jihad members to found party, back Shafiq in Egypt presidency runoff". Ahram Online. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
35. "Military Veterans Form Party Calling For Morsi to Step Down". Al Monitor. 14 May 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
36. "ElBaradei's Constitution Party legally recognised". Ahram Online. 17 September 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
37. "Abu Ismail initiates Al-Raya Party". Daily News Egypt. 27 February 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
38. "Egypt's Salafis Emerge As Powerful And Controversial Political Force". NPR. 28 January 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
39. "نواب من الوطني المنحل" يشكلون حزب "إحنا الشعب".. ويعلنون "30 يونيو مرجعيتهم". Al Masry al Youm. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
40. "Newly approved political party formed to 'purge' Egypt of terrorists". Mada Masr. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
41. "Former MPs to form new party". Cairo Post. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
42. "Egyptian Nubians to launch first-ever political party". Ahram Online. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
43. "Nour's Salafist splinter group forms new party". Ahram Online. 1 January 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
44. "Salafi Watan Party set to run in parliamentary elections". Egypt Independent. 26 February 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
45. "Al-Wasat Party". Egypt Elections Watch. 18 November 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
46. "New cracks form in Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood". Al Arabiya. 30 June 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
47. "Brotherhood splinter party issues founding statement". Egypt Independent. 29 July 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
48. "Sufi Islam in Egypt". Daily News Egypt. 21 October 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
49. "The Arab Party for Justice and Equality (El Hezb el Araby lil Adel wel Mosawa)". Egypt Electionnaire. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
50. "Al Salam Al IJtemaei'". Hiwar Magazine. Archived from the original on 30 December 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
51. "You Are Egyptian (Ant Masry) Party". Egypt Electionnaire. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
52. "Revolution Egypt (Masr el Thawra) Party". Egypt Electionnaire. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
53. "Free Egypt Party". Egypt Electionnaire. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
54. "Egyptian Knana (Quiver) Party". Egypt Electionnaire. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
55. "Muslim Political Parties". Islamopedia Online. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
56. "Revolutionary and leftist parties protest Constituent Assembly". Egypt Independent. 22 September 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
57. "Egypt: Life of the Egyptians Party". Bikya Masr. 5 April 2012. Archived from the original on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
58. "Egypt: Life of the Egyptians Party". Bikya Masr. 5 April 2012. Archived from the original on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
59. "Abou Hamed calls for more anti-Brotherhood protests". Egypt Independent. 27 August 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
60. "The Egyptian Alliance party". Hiwar Magazine. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
61. "Equality and Development Party". Hiwar Magazine. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
62. "Actress Tayseer Fahmy to form new political party". Egypt Independent. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
63. "Young Salafis form new political party". Ahram Online. 16 September 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
64. "Salafis Move Into Mainstream Politics in Egypt". Connected in Cairo. 18 September 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
65. "NDP Offshoots". Ahram Online. 18 November 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
66. "Reform and Renaissance Party (Al Eslah we Al Nahda)". Hiwar Magazine. Archived from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
67. "The new Islamist scene in Egypt". Al-Ahram Weekly On-line. 23 June 2011. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
68. "Islamic Jihad movement calls for mass demo Sunday against judges". Egypt Independent. 28 December 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
69. "Jihad movement accuses Morsy of ignoring reconciliation attempts in Sinai". Egypt Independent. 9 October 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
70. "The Virtue Party (Al-Fadyla)". Egypt Electionnaire. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
71. "Virtue Party (Al-Fadyla) Party". Egypt Electionnaire. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
72. "Egypt's Salafists proliferate with yet another Salafi party in the works". Ahram Online. 11 July 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
73. "Arab Unification (Al Tawheed el Araby) Party". Egypt Electionnaire. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
74. "Ahram Online's idiot's guide to Egypt's emergent political landscape". Ahram Online. 20 April 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
75. "Salafi Front Launches "Al-Shaab" Party". Egypt Independent. 20 October 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
76. "Preacher Amr Khaled steps down from leading Egypt Party". Ahram Online. 17 July 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
77. "Egypt's political coalitions and new parties: A guide". Ahram Online. 1 October 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
78. "Popular Islamic preacher Amr Khaled launches party for youth". Ahram Online. 22 September 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
79. "Egypt's Salafis split ahead of elections". Al Jazeera English. 14 January 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
80. "'Strong Egypt' party formally launched". Ahram Online. 31 October 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
81. "Abouel Fotouh takes steps to found Strong Egypt party". Egypt Independent. 5 July 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
82. http://eladl.org Archived 11 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
83. Mikhail, Sarah; Perry, Tom (19 February 2011). "New party shows deep political change in new Egypt". Reuters . Retrieved 19 February 2011.
84. "The Free Egyptians". Ahram. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
85. "Eight liberal and leftist Egyptian parties to boycott 2018 presidential elections". Ahram Online. 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
86. "تيار الاستقلال يعلن اندماج قوائمه الانتخابية رسمياً مع الجبهة المصرية". Youm7. 9 September 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
87. "تحالف الجبهة الوطنية: الاحزاب اتفقت على وثيقتنا السياسية". Youm7. 4 August 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
88. "محمد غنيم يدخل بورصة الانتخابات بتحالف "الجبهة الوطنية".. والإعلان عنها بعد افتتاح قناة السويس..وتخوض الانتخابات على قائمة القاهرة وجنوب ووسط الدلتا.. و"التحالف الشعبى" يدعوه للتحالف مع "صحوة مصر"". Youm7. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
89. "محمد غنيم يدشن تحالف "الجبهة الوطنية" بالدقهلية". Shorouk News. 22 July 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
90. "'For the Love of Egypt' electoral list leaves political parties divided". Ahram Online. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
91. "Wafd to merge 20 members with FLE list". Egypt Independent. 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
92. "كلام نهائى.. انتهاء تشكيل قائمة فى حب مصر وإعلان الأسماء رسمياً فى مؤتمر خلال أيام.. سيف اليزل: "مصر بلدى" خارج القائمة.. و8 مقاعد لكل من "الوفد" و"المصريين الأحرار".. وارتباك بقواعد"الجبهة المصرية"". Youm7. 8 September 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
93. "انتخابات "الجبهة المصرية" تناقش الشكل المبدأى لقوائم "القاهرة" و"الصعيد"". El Watan News. 9 September 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
94. ""فى حب مصر": اعتماد 4 منسقين لقوائم القطاعات الأربعة و10 أحزاب مشاركة". Youm7. 21 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
95. "حمزة زوبع يفضح الإخوان: طالبنا عناصرنا بالتصعيد فى اعتصام رابعة للوصول لنقطة تفاوض.. وأنصار التنظيم يهاجمونه: الجماعة ضللتنا وما قالوه سقطة وتشير إلى بيع القضية.. وسلفيون: جزاء من يسير خلف الجماعة". 16 August 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
96. ""الإصلاح والنهضة" يقرر دعم قائمة "في حب مصر"". El-Balad. 14 October 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
97. "السبت..تدشين ائتلاف"نداء مصر"على غرار"نداء تونس"لخوض منافسة النواب". Youm7. 23 December 2014.
98. "نداء مصر: سنقدم لرئيس الحكومة المكلف أسماء لترشيحها للحقائب الوزارية". Youm7. 13 September 2015.
99. "The economy in parliamentary elections: big slogans, no policies". Aswat Masriya. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
100. "Parliamentary coalitions begin formation for elections". Daily News Egypt. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
101. "FJP trial adjourned to August 4". Cairo Post. 21 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
102. ""تيار الاستقلال" يلتقي ممثلي القبائل بسيناء الثلاثاء". Al Masry Al Youm. 27 October 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
103. Egyptian Front Coalition: the widest political alliance facing Islamists, 18 August 2014, retrieved 18 August 2014{{citation}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
104. "Setting the boundaries". Al-Ahram Weekly. 2 October 2014. Archived from the original on 4 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
105. "انتخابات "الجبهة المصرية" تناقش الشكل المبدأى لقوائم "القاهرة" و"الصعيد"". Youm7. 2 August 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
106. ""الجبهة المصرية" تعتمد أسماء مرشحي البرلمان تحت اسم "قائمة مصر"". El Watan News. 9 September 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
107. "Anti-Coup Alliance plans eight marches on Sunday", Daily News Egypt, 18 August 2013, retrieved 18 August 2013
108. 11 Islamist parties launch 'Legitimacy Support' alliance, Ahram Online, 28 June 2013, retrieved 29 June 2013
109. "Islamist forces join together for Rabaa Al-Adaweya protest", Daily News Egypt, 28 June 2013, retrieved 6 December 2013
110. "Former NDP figures prepare for strong showing in Egypt's parliamentary polls". Ahram Online. 26 October 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
111. ""تحيا مصر" يعلن خطته لخوض الانتخابات البرلمانية غدًا". El-Balad. 9 January 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
112. "Leftist parties form coalition for parliamentary elections". Egypt Independent. 12 July 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
113. "12 حزبا تدشن ائتلاف "الأحزاب المصرية" لخوض الانتخابات وتحقيق أهداف الثورة". Ahram. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
114. "Political Parties and Movements". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
115. "Social Justice Coalition members increase to 27". Daily News Egypt. 1 September 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
116. "7 Egyptian parties join the Democratic Alliance for Civil Forces: Sabbahi". Cairo Post. 23 July 2014. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
117. ""التيار الشعبى" يقرر خوض الانتخابات "فردى" و"قائمة"". Youm7. 29 September 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
118. "رسميًا..حزب العيش والحرية يتقدم بطلب للانضمام لتحالفالتيار الديمقراطى". Youm7. 23 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
119. "Egypt's Democratic Current demands sacking of Interior Minister before elections". Ahram Online. 26 January 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
120. "Parties agree not to contest election laws". Al-Ahram Weekly. 12 August 2015. Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
121. "Gearing up for the polls". Al-Ahram Weekly. 1 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
122. ""صحوة مصر" فى لحظة اختيار.. اجتماع الخميس لوضع الرتوش النهائية على القوائم.. عمار على حسن: لسنا أصحاب مصلحة ونقدم الأكفأ.. ورامى جلال: التيار الديمقراطى و25-30 والكتلة الوطنية ومستقبل وطن "معنا"". Youm7. 31 December 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
123. ""الاشتراكى المصرى" يشارك بمرشحيه كمستقلين على قائمة "عبد الجليل مصطفى"". Youm7. 4 January 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
124. "حزب "الشيوعى المصرى" يقرر دعم قائمة "صحوة مصر" فىانتخابات البرلمان". Youm7. 19 August 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
125. "صحوة مصر» تنافس على ثلاث قوائم انتخابية". Al Shorouk. 19 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
126. "اجتماع الجبهة الوطنية يقرر رسميا الانضمام لقائمة "صحوة مصر"". Youm7. 16 August 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
127. "Political parties in disarray". Al-Ahram Weekly. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
128. "حزب العدل ينضم لقائمة صحوة مصر.. ويترك الحرية لأعضائه بالترشح على الفردى". Youm7. 2 September 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
129. "حزب الإصلاح والنهضة يعلن رسميا انضمامه لقائمة "صحوة مصر"". Youm7. 4 September 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
130. "Candidates 'swinging' between unstable electoral alliances". Daily News Egypt. 3 September 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
131. "انتهاء اجتماع التحالف الرباعى اليسارى وإعلان أسماء المرشحين قريبا". Youm7. 22 August 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
132. "37 small parties attempt second 'unified electoral coalition'". Daily News Egypt. 18 August 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
133. "ننشر تفاصيل تحالف "إسلاميون لدعم مصر".. يضم منشقين عن "القاعدة".. وعرض إخواني بمليون جنيه لتمويل قائمته في الانتخابات". El-Balad. 18 February 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
134. "Shifting political sands". Al-Ahram Weekly. 11 September 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
135. "مصادر تؤكد اقتراب عمرو موسى من قيادة قائمة انتخابية تضم أحزاب". Youm7. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
136. "Egyptian Front proposes candidates for Ganzouri electoral list". Ahram Online. 10 December 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
137. "أحمد الفضالى يعلن انضمام تكتل القوى الثورية لتيار الاستقلال". Youm7. 15 November 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
138. "Egypt's secular electoral blocs halved into two after Moussa's withdrawal". Ahram Online. 11 August 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
139. ""الوفد المصرى": مفاوضاتنا مع "القبائل" أسفرت عنانضمام حزبين للتحالف". Youm7. 2 December 2014.
140. ""الوفد": تقدمنا للجنة انتخابات التحالف بـ420 مرشحا فردياو120 للقائمة". Youm7. 19 December 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
141. "Islamist political parties form alliance". Ahram Online. 9 March 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
142. "Salafi Jihad movement allies with hardline Islamist parties for elections". Egypt Independent. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
143. Political parties announce alliances ahead of parliamentary polls, Egypt Independent, 6 March 2013, retrieved 6 March 2013
144. "Salafist parties form coalition to contest Egypt parliamentary election". Ahram Online. 28 February 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
145. "Opposition parties set up Independent Party Current", Daily News Egypt, 25 December 2012, retrieved 25 December 2012
146. Sabbahi, ElBaradei launch National Front to fight Morsi's decrees, Ahram Online, 24 November 2012, retrieved 28 November 2012
147. Youth of anti-Morsi parties reject coalition with 'Mubarak remnants', Ahram Online, 28 November 2012, retrieved 28 November 2012
148. ""National Salvation" declare a State of permanent session". Youm7. 26 November 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
149. Civil groups' pounce into political space seen as pro-democracy triumph, Egypt Independent, 29 November 2012, retrieved 29 November 2012
150. National Salvation Front threatens civil disobedience, Egypt Independent, 30 November 2012, retrieved 6 June 2014
151. "National Rescue Front condemns referendum", Daily News Egypt, 3 December 2012, retrieved 3 December 2012
152. "Brotherhood Approaches Salafists As Parliamentary Elections Near". Al Monitor. 9 January 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
153. Salvation Front members decide to sit together in Shura Council meetings, 14 January 2013, retrieved 14 January 2013{{citation}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
154. "Strong Egypt Party holds meetings over parliamentary elections". Daily News Egypt . 16 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
155. Live updates 2: Millions on streets for anti-Morsi protests; 4 dead in Upper Egypt, Ahram Online, 30 June 2013, retrieved 30 June 2013
156. "Profile: Egypt's National Salvation Front". BBC. 10 December 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
157. "Egyptian Salafist groups prepare for Friday Sharia protests". Ahram Online. 7 November 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
158. "Coalition formed to ensure sharia-friendly Egyptian constitution". Ahram Online. 30 October 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
159. "Egyptian Salafist groups prepare for Friday Sharia protests". Ahram Online. 7 November 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
160. "Islamist Coalition Statement on Friday December 7 Protests, Events and Clashes". Ihkwhan Web. 8 December 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
161. "Massive New Coalition Unites To Rival Political Islam in Egypt". Al Monitor. 11 October 2012. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
162. "Liberal, leftist forces unite to defeat 'unrepresentative' constitution". Egypt Independent. 27 September 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
163. "Egyptian Conference not yet assembled". Daily News Egypt. 18 September 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
164. Howeidy, Amira (1 October 2012), "Egypt's political coalitions and new parties: A guide", Ahram Online
165. "Political alliances in the post-revolutionary Egypt". Al-Arabiya News. 2 October 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
166. ""Reform and development" announced his alliance with "political nation"". Youm7. 24 September 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
167. "New liberal coalition plans to pressure Morsy". Egypt Independent. 27 September 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
168. "Aided by new alliance, Sufis plan election strategy". Egypt Independent. 21 September 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
169. The Egyptian Bloc, 18 November 2011, retrieved 15 May 2013{{citation}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
170. Revolutionary Democratic Coalition: A new voice on Egypt's Left, Ahram Online, 19 September 2012, retrieved 9 September 2012
171. Former NDP parliamentarians join forces for next polls, Egypt Independent, 18 September 2012, retrieved 24 September 2012
172. "Just for you:National Democratic Party members re-enter political scene", Daily News Egypt, 18 September 2012, retrieved 1 October 2012
173. "Nasserist Sabbahi to launch 'Egyptian Popular Current' on Friday". Ahram Online. 20 September 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
174. "Democratic Alliance", Egyptian Elections Watch, Al Ahram, 18 November 2011, retrieved 14 May 2013

External links

• Vote Compass Egypt Political compass for voting in Egyptian elections
• Al Jazeera English – Explainer: Egypt's crowded political arena Political parties and alliances in Egypt
• قائمة الأحزاب السياسية في مصر political parties in Egypt Official Website (Arabic)
• امسک فلول Archived 10 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine List of remnants from Hosni Mubarak's regime seeking election (Arabic)