List of political parties in the Philippines

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There are many and diverse political parties in the Philippines. Most party membership consists primarily of political figures and leaders, with little or no grassroots membership.[ citation needed ]

Contents

The Philippines operates under a multi-party system, characterized by numerous political parties. Due to the absence of sustaining memberships and the necessity for coalition governments, parties often experience a rise-and-fall dynamic.

There are three types of parties in the Philippines. These are: (a) major parties, [1] [2] which typically correspond to traditional political parties; (b) minor parties or party-list organizations, which rely on the party-list system to win Congressional seats; and (c) regional or provincial parties, which correspond to region-wide or province-wide organizations, respectively.

Evolution of political parties. Evolution of Philippine political parties.png
Evolution of political parties.

National parties in office

Major parties

PartyAbbr.National coalitionChairpersonPresidentFoundedIdeology Congress of the Philippines Governors
House seats Senate seats
Partido Federal ng Pilipinas
Federal Party of the Philippines
PFP Alyansa Bongbong Marcos Reynaldo Tamayo Jr. 2018 Federalism
28 / 317
0 / 24
24 / 82
Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats
People Power–Christian Muslim Democrats
Lakas/Lakas–CMD Alyansa Bong Revilla Martin Romualdez 2008
(1991)
Christian democracy [3] [4]
Islamic democracy
111 / 317
1 / 24
13 / 82
Nationalist People's Coalition NPC Alyansa Tito Sotto Jack Duavit 1992 Social conservatism
32 / 317
6 / 24
5 / 82
National Unity Party NUP Alyansa Ronaldo Puno Luis Raymund Villafuerte 2011 Social conservatism [5]
32 / 317
0 / 24
7 / 82
Nacionalista Party
Nationalist Party
Nacionalista/NP Alyansa Cynthia Villar Manny Villar 1907 Conservatism [6] [7]
21 / 317
4 / 24
12 / 82
Liberal Party Liberal/LP KiBam Kiko Pangilinan Erin Tañada (acting)1946 Liberalism [8]
6 / 317
1 / 24
2 / 82
Partido Demokratiko Pilipino
Philippine Democratic Party
PDP DuterTen Rodrigo Duterte Sebastian Duterte

(acting)

1982 Dutertism
Populism
2 / 317
3 / 24
4 / 82

Other parties represented in Congress

PartyAbbr.National coalitionChairpersonPresidentFoundedIdeology Congress of the Philippines Governors
House seats Senate seats
Akbayan Citizens' Action Party Akbayan KiBam Mylene HegaRafaela David1998 Progressivism
Social democracy
3 / 317
1 / 24
0 / 82
Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino
Fight of Democratic Filipinos
LDP (Laban in 1995) Sonny Angara 1988
2 / 317
0 / 24
1 / 82
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino
Force of the Filipino Masses
PMPVacant Joseph Estrada 1991 Populism
1 / 317
1 / 24
0 / 82
Aksyon Demokratiko
Democratic Action
Aksyon Ernesto Ramel Jr. Isko Moreno 1997 Liberal democracy
Progressivism
1 / 317
0 / 24
1 / 82
United Nationalist Alliance UNA Nancy Binay Jejomar Binay 2012
1 / 317
0 / 24
0 / 82
People's Reform Party PRPVacantNarciso Santiago Jr.1991 Reformism
1 / 317
0 / 24
0 / 82
Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines CDPLito Monico Lorenzana Rufus Rodriguez 2010 Christian democracy
1 / 317
0 / 24
0 / 82
Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino
Society of United Filipinos
KNP KiBam Bam Aquino Kerby Salazar2020 Youth empowerment
0 / 317
1 / 24
0 / 82

Party-lists represented in Congress

These parties won more than 2% of the vote. For the complete list, see 2025 Philippine House of Representatives election (party-list).

PartyAbbr.Ideology/sector House party-list seats
Akbayan Citizens' Action Party AkbayanMulti-sectoral
3 / 63
Duty to Energize the Republic through the Enlightenment of the Youth Sectoral Party-list Organization Duterte YouthYouth
3 / 63
Tingog Sinirangan
Voice of the East
Tingog Leyte regionalism
3 / 63
Pagtibayin at Palaguin ang Pangkabuhayang Pilipino Party-list
Strengthen and Grow the Filipino Livelihood
4Ps
2 / 63
Anti-Crime and Terrorism Community Involvement and Support Partylist ACT-CIS Counterterrorism
2 / 63
Ako Bicol Political Party AKB Bicol regionalism
2 / 63

Minor parties

These are parties that used to have members in Congress or parties with few or no seats in government.

PartyAbbr.LeaderIdeology
Akay National Political Party AKAY Sol Aragones Social democracy
Progressivism
Welfarism
Alliance for Barangay Concerns ABCJames Marty Lim
Ang Kapatiran
The Brotherhood or Alliance for the Common Good
KPTRANReynaldo Pacheco Christian democracy
Bagumbayan–Volunteers for a New Philippines BVNP Richard Gordon Voluntarism
Bangon Pilipinas
Rise Up Philippines
BP Eddie Villanueva Christian left
Bigkis Pinoy Movement
Bind Filipinos Movement
BIGKISAmando Ocampo
Democratic Party of the Philippines DPP Baldomero Falcone Popular democracy
Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino
Society/Association of Democratic Filipinos
KDPCarlos Enrique G. Valdes III Neo-nationalism
Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi
Society of Brown Consciousness
KTPNAN Faisal Mangondato Federalism
Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
New Society Movement
KBLEfren Rafanan Sr. Conservatism
Laban para sa Kapayapaan, Katarungan at Kaunlaran
Struggle for Peace, Progress and Justice
KKK Christy Lim-Raymundo
Ladlad
Coming Out
LADLAD Danton Remoto LGBT interests
Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas
Philippine Democratic Socialist Party
PDSP Norberto Gonzales Democratic socialism
Social democracy
Grassroots democracy
Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930
Philippine Communist Party
PKP-1930Eduardo Landayan Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Partido Lakas ng Masa
Party of the Laboring Masses
PLM Leody de Guzman Socialism
Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma
Party for Democratic Reforms
PDR Pantaleon Alvarez Liberal conservatism
Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan
Federalism of the Noble Blooded Association
PDDS Greco Belgica Federalism
Labor Party Philippines WPP Melchor Chavez Laboriousm
Medical Cannabis PartyMEDCANNHenrie Enaje Cannabis rights
Partido Pilipino sa Pagbabago
Filipinos for Change Party
PPPLeonardo Fernandez Federalism
People's Progressive Humanist Liberal Party PolPHILTBA Progressivism
Humanism
Social liberalism
Philippine Green Republican Party PGRPFelix Cantal Green politics
Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives PROMDIMariano Osmeña Devolution
Energy independence
Reform PH - People's Party Reform PHJames Layug Reformism
Economic liberalism
Sanlakas SANLAKASMax Abalos Progressivism

Local parties

NameAbbr.LocationLeaderNotes
Luzon
Makatizens United Party MKTZNU Makati Abby Binay
Move Makati Makati Romulo de Guzman
Malay Democrats of the Philippines MDP Metro Manila Bayan Dela Cruzaffiliated with National Economic Protectionism Association
Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran KABAKA Manila's 5th and 6th congressional districts Amado Bagatsing
Philippine Christian Nationalist PartyPCNP Quezon City Andres Genito
Serbisyo sa Bayan Party SBP Quezon City Joy Belmonte formerly affiliated with Hugpong ng Pagbabago
Retailers Party Manila's 3rd congressional district Estelito Mendoza
Liping Kalookan Caloocan Macario Asistio formerly Grand Kalookan Coalition
Katipunan ng Bagong CaloocanKABACA Caloocan Gwendolyn Emnaceaffiliated with Aksyon Demokratiko
Kasangga ng Bayan, Tao, Kalikasan at KaunlaranKABATAK Parañaque Joey Marquez
Kilusang Diwa ng Taguig KDT Taguig Dante Tinga affiliated with Liberal Party and National Unity Party
Caloocan Team for Action and ProgressCATAPAT Caloocan Bonifacio Alis
Partido Tapat Taguig and Pateros Edmundo de Borjaalso known as Taguig-Pateros Action Team
Partido Navoteño NVTEÑO Navotas Toby Tiangco affiliated with Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino and United Nationalist Alliance
Reform Caloocan Party Caloocan Russel Ramirez
United Citizens of Caloocan PartyUCCP Caloocan Nilo Divina
Partido Magdiwang San Juan Joseph Victor Ejercito affiliated with Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino
Lingkod ng Mamamayan ng Valenzuela CityLINKOD Valenzuela Magi Gunigundo
Kapanalig at Kambilan ding Memalen PampangaKAMBILAN Pampanga Dennis G. Pineda affiliated with Lakas–CMD and PDP
Lingkod Bayan-Sulong Taguig CoalitionLINGKOD TAGUIG Taguig Angelito Reyes
Asenso Manileño AMM Manila Honey Lacuna affiliated with Lakas–CMD
Kapayapaan, Kaunlaran at Katarungan KKK Manila Christy Lim-Raymundo affiliated with Akbayan
Movement for Economic Transformation & Righteous OpportunitiesMETRO Metro Manila Rodolfo John O. Teope
Samahang Kaagapay ng Agilang PilipinoAGILA Pasig City and Parañaque Josef Maganduga
Giting ng Pasig Pasig Vico Sotto
United Benguet PartyUBP Benguet Eric Yap
Bileg Ti La Union La Union Joaquin Ortega
Bileg Ti IlocanoBILEG Ilocos Sur Luis Singson
Biskeg na Pangasinan PartyBISKEG Pangasinan Oscar Lambinoaffiliated with Lakas-CMD
Democratic Tabula Tua Cagayan Delfin Telan Tingaffiliated with Lakas-CMD
Buklod Capampangan Pampanga and Angeles City Estelito Mendoza
Lapiang Bagong Lakas ng Nueva Ecija BALANE Nueva Ecija Tomas Josonaffiliated with Nationalist People's Coalition and PDP
Lingap Lugud Capampangan Party Pampanga Lito Lapid affiliated with Lakas-CMD
Pinag-isang Lakas Tungo sa PagbabagoPINATUBO Zambales and Olongapo Philip Camara
Sama Sama Tarlac Tarlac Candido Guiam
Democratic AllianceDA Central Luzon Romeo Taruc
Partido del Pilar Bulacan Manuel G. Roxasaffiliated with Liberal Party
Nagkakaisang Partido ng mga Kapampangan Pampanga Zenaida Ducut
Unang Sigaw-Partido ng PagbabagoUSPP Nueva Ecija Aurelio Umali
Kalapian ng mga Kaibigan ng Kaunlaran-Bayan ng HagonoyLAPIANG K Hagonoy, Bulacan Angel Cruz, Jr.
Kapanalig at Kambilan Ning Memalen PampangaKAMBILAN Pampanga Rosve Henson
Partido MalolenyoPM Malolos, Bulacan Carolina Mangawang
Sulong Zambales Party SZP Zambales Hermogenes Ebdane (chairman)
Jun Omar Ebdane (President)
affiliated with Labor Party Philippines
Partido ABE Kapampangan PAK, ABE Angeles City, Pampanga Edgardo Pamintuan (chairman)
Alex Cauguiran (president)
Founded March 28, 2012.

[9]

Partido Balikatan ng BataanBALIKATAN Bataan Enrique Garcia, Jr.
Partido Magdalo Cavite Jonvic Remulla affiliated with Nacionalista Party, United Nationalist Alliance, Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino and Partido Federal ng Pilipinas
Forward with Vitality for Reforms-Sigaw ng KabiteFVR-Sigaw Cavite Franco Loyola
Quezon Nationalist Democratic PartyQNDP Quezon and Lucena Bienvenido Marquez, Jr.
Pangkat Laguna Laguna Marito Mendoza
Partido Dimasalang Laguna Teresita Lazaroaffiliated with Lakas-CMD
Partido Batangueño Batangas Franklin Tabaquin, Jr.
Partido ng Masang BatanguenoPMB Batangas Nicanor Briones
Union of Nationalist Democratic Filipino Organization UNIDO Region 4A Jose Laurel IV
One Batangas MovementOne Batangas Batangas Vilma Santos-Rectoaffiliated with Nacionalista Party
Partido Bagong San Pablo San Pablo, Laguna Arsenio Escuderro, Jr.
People's Alliance Development of RomblonPADER Romblon Natalio Beltran, Jr.
People's Empowerment sa Lungsod AghamPELA Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Baby Armi L. Alvarez
Partido Pagbabago ng Palawan PPP Palawan Jose Alvarezaffiliated with Hugpong ng Pagbabago
Sulong Palawan PartySPP Palawan and Puerto Princesa Vincent Dennis Socrates
Mindoro Sandugo Para sa KaunlaranSANDUGO Oriental Mindoro Agustin Cusi
Bicol Saro Bicol Region Ma. Corazon Imperial
Catanduanes Alliance for Reform and DemocracyCARD Catanduanes Dexter Francisco
Alliance of Bicolnon PartyABP-BICOLNON Bicol Region Enrique Olonan
Ako Bicol Political PartyAKB Bicol Region Elizalde Co
Visayas
Panaghiusa PANAGHIUSA Cebu and Cebu City Jose Daluz III
Paglaum Party Negros Occidental Alfredo Montelibano, Jr.affiliated with Nacionalista Party
Kusog Han Eastern Samar Eastern Samar Jaime Opinion
People's Progressive Alliance for Peace and Good Government Towards Alleviation of Poverty and Social AdvancementPartido PAGASA Western Visayas Rene Juaneza
Pusyon Pilipino Central Visayas Casimiro Madarang, Jr.
Abante Anak Bisaya Central Visayas Geraldo Carillo
United Negros Alliance UNA Negros Occidental Alfredo Marañon, Jr.formerly affiliated with Nationalist People's Coalition & Liberal Party, now with PDP
Barug Alang sa Kauswagan ug Demokrasya BAKUD Cebu's 5th congressional district Ramon Durano III affiliated with Nationalist People's Coalition
Alayon Alang sa Kalambu-an ng KalinawALAYON Central Visayas Eduardo Gullas
Katig-buan Nortehanon Northern Samar Emil Ong
Partido Pundok Biliranon Biliran Danilo Parilla
Aton Tamdon Utod Negros-anonATUN Negros Occidental Rafael Coscolluela
Uswag Ilonggo USWAG Ilonggo Iloilo Jerry Treñas
Kugi Uswag Sugbo KUSUG Cebu City Raymond Alvin Garcia affiliated with Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (2024-present), previously with PDP-Laban (2016-24) and UNA (2012-16)
Ugyon Visayas Franklin Drilon affiliated with Liberal Party
Timawa Iloilo City Rona Anape-Ganzonaffiliated with United Nationalist Alliance
United Guardians PartyUGP Western Visayas and Central Visayas Clodualdo P. Dedicatoria
Economic Development and Social AdvancementEDSA Central Visayas Melchor Cubillo
Democracy of the Independent Liberal Conservative PartyDILC Liloan, Cebu Vincent Frasco
Ugyon Kita CapizUK CAPIZ Capiz Frenedil Castroaffiliated with United Nationalist Alliance
One Cebu 1CEBU Cebu Gwendolyn Garcia
Bando Osmeña - Pundok Kauswagan BOPK Cebu City Tomas Osmeña affiliated with the Liberal Party (since 2024, 2009–2018), previously affiliated with Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (2018–2024), Lakas–CMD (2003–2009) and PROMDI (1997–2003)
Partido Barug BARUG Cebu City Michael Rama affiliated with PDP
Mindanao
Asenso Iliganon PartyAIP Iligan City Frederick Siao
Hugpong ng Pagbabago HNP Davao Region Sara Duterte affiliated with PDP
Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod Hugpong Davao City Paolo Duterte affiliated with PDP
Christian Muslim Independent PartyCMIP Zamboanga del Norte Tiburcio Pasquil
Aggrupation of Parties for Prosperity APP Zamboanga del Norte Seth Frederick Jalosjos affiliated with Hugpong ng Pagbabago
Sarangani Reconciliation and Reformation Organization SARRO Sarangani Estelito Mendozaaffiliated with Lakas-CMD
Islamic Party of the PhilippinesIPP Mindanao Ebrahim Abdurrahman
Ompia Party OMPIA Mindanao Mahid Mutilan
Democratic Alliance of Mindanaoans for Good GovernmentDAMAGO Davao Region and Soccsksargen Fernando Toquillo
Muslim Reform PartyMRP Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur Kamar Mindalano
Ummah Party Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur and Iligan Geraldo Carillo
Compostela Valley Rainbow AllianceCORAL Davao de Oro Rogelio Sarmiento
Cotabato United People's Movement Cotabato Emmanuel Piñol
Lanao People's Party Lanao del Sur Casan Macabanding
Serbisyong Inklusibo-Alyansang Progresibo SIAP Bangsamoro Mamintal Adiong Jr.
Padajon Surigao PS Surigao del Norte Francisco Matugas affiliated with Lakas-CMD
People's Champ Movement PCM General Santos and Sarangani Manny Pacquiao affiliated with PROMDI
Citizens Call for Action Party of Zamboanga CityCCA Zamboanga City Susan de los Reyes
Adelante Zamboanga PartyAZAP Zamboanga City Jose Lobregat
Aksyon Magsasaka-Partido ng Tinig ng MasaAKMA-PTM Soccsksargen Ali Sangki
Achievers with Integrity MovementAIM South Cotabato Adelbert Antonino
Padayon PilipinoPADAYON Cagayan de Oro Vicene Emanoaffiliated with Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino
Partido Prosperidad y Amor Para na ZamboangaPAZ Zamboanga City Beng Climaco affiliated with Liberal Party
People's Consultative (Mushawara) Party Bangsamoro, Lanao del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur Basher Caluato Edris
Bukidnon Paglaum BPP Bukidnon Jose Maria Zubiri Jr.
United Bangsamoro Justice Party UBJP Bangsamoro Murad Ibrahim
Bangsamoro Party BaPa Bangsamoro Muslimin Sema
Bangsamoro People's PartyBPP Bangsamoro Mujiv Hataman
Al Ittahad-UKB Party Al Ittahad-UKB Bangsamoro Suharto Mangudadatu
Salaam Party Bangsamoro Abdusakur Mahail Tan
Indigenous People's Democratic Party IPDP Bangsamoro Froilyn Mendoza
Mahardika Party Bangsamoro Abdulkarim Misuari
Nurredha Misuari
Basilan Unity PartyBUP Basilan Mujiv Hataman
Sitti Djalia Turabin-Hataman
Tawi-Tawi One PartyTOP Tawi-Tawi Yshmael Sali
United Iligan PartyUIP Iligan City Celso Regencia

Not registered with the government

These are national parties that are not registered with the Commission on Elections:

PartyAbbr.LeaderIdeology
Constitutional Reform & Rectification for Economic Competitiveness & Transformation CoRRECT Movement Orion Perez Dumdum Federalism
Parliamentarism

Economic liberalism

Philippine National FrontPNFvacant Nazism
Fascism
Filipino nationalism
Ultranationalism
Anti-communism
Green Party of the PhilippinesGPP-KALIKASAN MUNA David D. D'Angelo Green politics
Kabataang Nasyonal Sindikalista ng FilipinasKNSFvacant Falangism
National syndicalism
Fascism
National catholicism
MAKAKALIKASAN
Nature Party Philippines
MAKAKALIKASANOrlando Ravanera Deep Communitarian Ecologism
Philippine Libertarian PartyPHILIPAJulius Apud (interim chairman) Right-libertarianism
Koalisyong Katoliko KristiyanoKKKRizalito David Christian democracy
Philippine Reformation MovementPRMArtlee Dilema Reformism
Liberalism
Social democracy
Progressivism
Secularism
Federalism
Parliamentarism
Communist Party of the Philippines CPPvacant Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
Marxista-Leninistang Partido ng Pilipinas
Marxist–Leninist Party of the Philippines
MLPPCaridad Magpantay Marxism–Leninism
Partido ng Manggagawang Pilipino – Pinagsanib
Filipino Workers Party
PMP-PinagsanibPatricio Ramirez Syndicalism
Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagagawa – Pilipinas
Revolutionary Workers' Party of the Philippines
RPM-PArturo Tabara
Nilo dela Cruz
Marxism–Leninism
National People’s Socialist PartyNPSPAl-sulkry M. Abdullatif Socialism Nationalism

Electoral coalitions

Major coalitions

Election yearAdministrationOppositionResultOutcome
1978 KBL LABAN KBL winLABAN failed to win seats in the Batasang Pambansa.
1984 KBL UNIDO KBL winWhile UNIDO made gains in the Batasan following the Assassination of Ninoy Aquino, the KBL retained its majority.
In the 1986 presidential election, Marcos was declared winner but was overthrown at the People Power Revolution. His supporters were forced into opposition.
1987 UNIDO GAD UNIDO winUNIDO broke up and the Marcos loyalists coalesced with the other parties.
1992 Laban Lakas Lakas winWhile the LDP (then known as Laban) won a majority in the Senate and the House, most would defect to the nascent Lakas–NUCD of the new president.
Koalisyong Pambansa
NPC
PRP
1995 Lakas–Laban NPC Lakas–Laban winLakas still the dominant House party while Laban remains dominant Senate party. There are instances in the House that there are multiple party affiliations beside of either Lakas or Laban, with a 25 seats won by "Lakas–Laban" ballot-labeled House members
1998 Lakas–NUCD–UMDP LAMMP LAMMP winThe incumbent coalition would be defeated by the LAMMP, and its members would defect to the new administration coalition.
Estrada was overthrown at the Second EDSA Revolution; his supporters were forced into opposition.
2001 People Power Coalition Puwersa ng Masa PPC winNewly installed president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas–NUCD) led the PPC, which won.
2004 K4 KNP K4 winIncumbent president Arroyo was able to secure re-election, and her coalition won.
Alyansa ng Pag-asa
2007 TEAM Unity Genuine Opposition GO winThe Genuine Opposition would win the majority of seats in the Senate, while TEAM Unity retained control of the House.
2010 Lakas–Kampi Liberal Liberal win Benigno Aquino III (Liberal) defeated the incumbent and other opposition forces to lead the government under his party.
Nacionalista
PMP
2013 Team PNoy UNA Team PNoy winVice President Jejomar Binay, along with Estrada, established UNA as the main opposition alliance. Team PNoy won a majority of seats in the Senate, taking nine seats against UNA's three.
2016 Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid Coalition for Change Coalition for Change winThe incumbent's Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid was defeated and became the opposition as Rodrigo Duterte (PDP–Laban) won the presidential election, establishing the Coalition for Change as the administration coalition.
UNA
Partido Galing at Puso
2019 Hugpong ng Pagbabago Otso Diretso HNP winHNP won overwhelmingly, while Otso Diretso, the main opposition coalition, was not able to win any seat in the Senate.
2022 UniTeam TRoPa UniTeam winThe incumbent's coalition was split into two, the Tuloy ang Pagbabago and MP3 Alliance, with the latter becoming part of the opposition. HNP was superseded by the UniTeam of Bongbong Marcos (PFP) who won the presidential election.
MP3
Tuloy ang Pagbabago Team Bilis Kilos
Laban ng Masa
2025 Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas DuterTen Alyansa winRifts within the UniTeam would result in its split; Marcos would establish Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas. In the Senate, Alyansa would win a plurality of seats, winning six against the DuterTen's three and KiBam's two seats.
KiBam
Oposisyon ng Bayan

Historical parties

See also

References

  1. "LP declared as dominant minority (7:57 p.m.)". Sunstar Manila . May 7, 2010. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2010.
  2. "Comelec declares LP, UNA as dominant majority and minority parties - InterAksyon.com". Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
  3. abs-cbnNEWS.com/Newsbreak, Carmela Fonbuena. "JDV quits Lakas, won't join Lakas-Kampi". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  4. "Major party-list groups join Lakas | Philstar.com". philstar.com. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  5. "Who to Vote For? Get to Know the Political Parties in the Philippines".
  6. Bertrand, J. (2013). Political Change in Southeast Asia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  7. Berneo, N.; Yashar, D. (2016). Parties, Movements, and Democracy in the Developing World. New York: Cambridge University Press USA.
  8. "Values Charter – Liberal Party of the Philippines". Liberal Party of the Philippines. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  9. COMELEC OKs Partido ABE Kapampangan Archived December 3, 2012, at archive.today