Senate of the Philippines

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Senate of the Philippines

Senado ng Pilipinas
19th Congress of the Philippines
Seal of the Philippine Senate.svg
Flag of the Senate President of the Philippines.svg
Flag of the Senate of the Philippines
Type
Type
Term limits
2 consecutive terms (12 years)
History
FoundedOctober 16, 1916 (1916-10-16)
Preceded by Second Philippine Commission
Leadership
Francis Escudero, NPC
since May 20, 2024
Jinggoy Estrada, PMP
since May 20, 2024
Francis Tolentino, PFP
since May 20, 2024
Koko Pimentel, NP
since July 25, 2022
Structure
Seats24 senators
Philippine Senate composition.svg
Political groups
Majority bloc (15)
  •   Nacionalista (4)
  •   PDP (3)
  •   NPC (2)
  •   Lakas (1)
  •   PFP (1)
  •   PMP (1)
  •   Independent (3)

Minority bloc (2)

Independent bloc (6)

Vacant (1)

  •   Vacancies (1)
Committees 41 standing committees
Length of term
6 years, renewable once
AuthorityArticle VI, Constitution of the Philippines
Elections
Plurality-at-large voting
Last election
May 9, 2022 (12 seats)
Next election
May 12, 2025 (12 seats)
Meeting place
Senate Session Hall.JPG
GSIS Building, Financial Center, Jose W. Diokno Boulevard, Pasay
Website
senate.gov.ph
Rules
Rules of the Senate (English)

The Senate of the Philippines (Filipino : Senado ng Pilipinas) is the upper house of Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the House of Representatives as the lower house. The Senate is composed of 24 senators who are elected at-large (the country forms one district in senatorial elections) under a plurality-at-large voting system.

Contents

Senators serve six-year terms with a maximum of two consecutive terms, with half of the senators elected in staggered elections every three years. When the Senate was restored by the 1987 Constitution, the 24 senators who were elected in 1987 served until 1992. In 1992, the 12 candidates for the Senate obtaining the highest number of votes served until 1998, while the next 12 served until 1995. Thereafter, each senator elected serves the full six years. From 1945 to 1972, the Senate was a continuing body, with only eight seats up every two years.

Aside from having its concurrence on every bill in order to be passed for the president's signature to become a law, the Senate is the only body that can concur with treaties and try impeachment cases. The president of the Senate is the presiding officer and highest-ranking official of the Senate. They are elected by the entire body to be their leader and are second in the Philippine presidential line of succession. The current officeholder is Francis Escudero.

History

Joint session of Philippine Legislature including the newly elected Senate, November 15, 1916 Joint session of Philippine Legislature.jpg
Joint session of Philippine Legislature including the newly elected Senate, November 15, 1916
The post-World War II Philippine Senate in 1951: Cipriano P. Primicias, Sr., far left, debates Quintin Paredes, far right. In the middle are Justiniano Montano, Mariano Jesus Cuenco, Enrique B. Magalona, and Francisco Delgado; in the foreground is Edmundo Cea. Deliberations were once held at the Old Legislative Building. Sen. Primcias debates Sen. Paredes.jpg
The post–World War II Philippine Senate in 1951: Cipriano P. Primicias, Sr., far left, debates Quintín Paredes, far right. In the middle are Justiniano Montano, Mariano Jesús Cuenco, Enrique B. Magalona, and Francisco Delgado; in the foreground is Edmundo Cea. Deliberations were once held at the Old Legislative Building.

The Senate has its roots in the Philippine Commission of the Insular Government. Under the Philippine Organic Act, from 1907 to 1916, the Philippine Commission headed by the governor-general of the Philippines served as the upper chamber of the Philippine Legislature, with the Philippine Assembly as the elected lower house. At the same time the governor-general also exercised executive powers.

In August 1916 the United States Congress enacted the Philippine Autonomy Act or popularly known as the "Jones Law", which created an elected bicameral Philippine Legislature with the Senate as the upper chamber and with the House of Representatives of the Philippines, previously called the Philippine Assembly, as the lower chamber. The governor-general continued to be the head of the executive branch of the Insular Government. Senators then were elected via senatorial districts via plurality-at-large voting; each district grouped several provinces and each elected two senators except for "non-Christian" provinces where the governor-general of the Philippines appointed the senators for the district.

Future president Manuel L. Quezon, who was then Philippine Resident Commissioner, encouraged future president Sergio Osmeña, then Speaker of the House, to run for the leadership of the Senate, but Osmeña preferred to continue leading the lower house. Quezon then ran for the Senate and became Senate President serving for 19 years (1916–1935).

This setup continued until 1935, when the Philippine Independence Act or the "Tydings–McDuffie Act" was passed by the U.S. Congress which granted the Filipinos the right to frame their own constitution in preparation for their independence, wherein they established a unicameral National Assembly of the Philippines, effectively abolishing the Senate. Not long after the adoption of the 1935 Constitution several amendments began to be proposed. By 1938, the National Assembly began consideration of these proposals, which included restoring the Senate as the upper chamber of Congress. The amendment of the 1935 Constitution to have a bicameral legislature was approved in 1940 and the first biennial elections for the restored upper house was held in November 1941. Instead of the old senatorial districts, senators were elected via the entire country serving as an at-large district, although still under plurality-at-large voting, with voters voting up to eight candidates, and the eight candidates with the highest number of votes being elected. While the Senate from 1916 to 1935 had exclusive confirmation rights over executive appointments, as part of the compromises that restored the Senate in 1941, the power of confirming executive appointments has been exercised by a joint Commission on Appointments composed of members of both houses. However, the Senate since its restoration and the independence of the Philippines in 1946 has the power to ratify treaties.

The Senate finally convened in 1945 and served as the upper chamber of Congress from thereon until the declaration of martial law by President Ferdinand Marcos in 1972, which shut down Congress. The Senate was resurrected in 1987 upon the ratification of the 1987 Constitution. However, instead of eight senators being replaced after every election, it was changed to twelve.

In the Senate, the officers are the Senate president, Senate president pro tempore, majority floor leader, minority floor leader and the Senate secretary and the Senate sergeant at arms who are elected by the senators from among the employees and staff of the Senate. Meanwhile, the Senate president, Senate president pro-tempore, the majority floor leader and the minority floor leader are elected by the senators from among themselves.

Composition

Article VI, Section 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution provides that the Senate shall be composed of 24 senators who shall be elected at-large by the qualified voters of the Philippines, as may be provided by law.

The composition of the Senate is smaller in number as compared to the House of Representatives. The members of this chamber are elected at large by the entire electorate. The rationale for this rule intends to make the Senate a training ground for national leaders and possibly a springboard for the presidency. [1]

It follows also that the senator will have a broader outlook of the problems of the country, instead of being restricted by narrow viewpoints and interests by having a national rather than only a district constituency. [1]

The Senate Electoral Tribunal (SET) composed of three Supreme Court justices and six senators determines election protests on already-seated senators. There had been three instances where the SET has replaced senators due to election protests, the last of which was in 2011 when the tribunal awarded the protest of Koko Pimentel against Migz Zubiri. [2]

Qualifications

The qualifications for membership in the Senate are expressly stated in Section 3, Art. VI of the 1987 Philippine Constitution as follows:

Organization

Under the Constitution, "Congress shall convene once every year on the fourth Monday of July for its regular session...". During this time, the Senate is organized to elect its officers. Specifically, the 1987 Philippine Constitution provides a definite statement to it:

(1) The Senate shall elect its President and the House of Representatives its Speaker by a vote of all its respective members.

(2) Each House shall choose such other officers as it may deem necessary.

(3) Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds of all its Members, suspend or expel a Member. A penalty of suspension, when imposed, shall not exceed sixty days.

Article VI, Section 16, paragraphs 1 to 3, The Constitution of the Philippines

By virtue of these provisions of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, the Senate adopts its own rules, otherwise known as the "Rules of the Senate." The Rules of the Senate provide the following officers: a president, a president pro tempore, a secretary and a sergeant-at-arms.

Following this set of officers, the Senate as an institution can then be grouped into the Senate Proper and the Secretariat. The former belongs exclusively to the members of the Senate as well as its committees, while the latter renders support services to the members of the Senate.

Powers

The Senate ratified the Reciprocal Access Agreement (RAA), a treaty between the Defense forces of the Philippines and Japan on December 16, 2024

The Senate was modeled upon the United States Senate; the two chambers of Congress have roughly equal powers, and every bill or resolution that has to go through both houses needs the consent of both chambers before being passed for the president's signature. Once a bill is defeated in the Senate, it is lost. Once a bill is approved by the Senate on third reading, the bill is passed to the House of Representatives, unless an identical bill has also been passed by the lower house. When a counterpart bill in the lower house is different from the one passed by the Senate, either a bicameral conference committee is created consisting of members from both chambers of Congress to reconcile the differences, or either chamber may instead approve the other chamber's version.

While franchise and money bills originate in the House of Representatives, the Senate may still propose or concur with amendments. Only the Senate has the power to approve, via a two-thirds supermajority, or denounce treaties, and the power to try and convict, via a two-thirds supermajority, an impeached official.

Current members

Senate traditional photo. July 2022. Senate of the Philippines traditional photo 19th Congress.jpg
Senate traditional photo. July 2022.

Leadership

Members

Senator [3] Party Term
number
BlocStartsEnds
Nancy Binay UNA 2IndependentJune 30, 2019June 30, 2025
Pia Cayetano Nacionalista 1Majority
Ronald dela Rosa PDP 1Majority
Bong Go PDP 1Majority
Lito Lapid NPC 1Majority
Imee Marcos Nacionalista 1Majority
Koko Pimentel Nacionalista 3Minority
Grace Poe Independent 2Majority
Bong Revilla Lakas 1Majority
Francis Tolentino PFP 1Majority
Cynthia Villar Nacionalista 2Majority
Vacant [a]
Alan Peter Cayetano Independent 1MajorityJune 30, 2022June 30, 2028
JV Ejercito NPC 1Independent
Francis Escudero NPC 1Majority
Jinggoy Estrada PMP 1Majority
Win Gatchalian NPC 2Independent
Risa Hontiveros Akbayan 2Minority
Loren Legarda NPC 1Independent
Robin Padilla PDP 1Majority
Raffy Tulfo Independent 1Majority
Joel Villanueva Independent 2Independent
Mark Villar Nacionalista 1Majority
Migz Zubiri Independent 2Independent
  1. Vacated by Sonny Angara (LDP) on July 18, 2024 upon appointment as Secretary of Education.

Per bloc and party

PartyBlocTotal
MajorityMinorityIndependentSeats %
NPC 203521%
Nacionalista 410521%
PDP 300313%
Akbayan 01014%
Lakas 10014%
PFP 10014%
PMP 10014%
UNA 00114%
Independent 302521%
Vacancy 00014%
Total152624100%

Seat

A Senate session during the 18th Congress inside the GSIS building with other senators on remote locations via virtual conference during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Senate currently meets at the GSIS Building along Jose W. Diokno Boulevard in Pasay. Built on land reclaimed from Manila Bay, the Senate shares the complex with the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS).

The Senate previously met at the Old Legislative Building in Manila until May 1997. The Senate occupied the upper floors (the Session Hall now restored to its semi-former glory) while the House of Representatives occupied the lower floors (now occupied by the permanent exhibit of Juan Luna's Spoliarium as the museum's centerpiece), with the National Library at the basement. When the Legislative Building was ruined in World War II, the House of Representatives temporarily met at the Old Japanese Schoolhouse at Lepanto Street (modern-day S. H. Loyola Street), [4] while the Senate's temporary headquarters was at the half-ruined Manila City Hall. [5] Congress then returned to the Legislative Building in 1950 upon its reconstruction. When President Ferdinand Marcos dissolved Congress in 1972, he built a new legislative complex in Quezon City. The unicameral parliament known as the Batasang Pambansa eventually met there in 1978. With the restoration of the bicameral legislature in 1987, the House of Representatives inherited the complex at Quezon City, now called the Batasang Pambansa Complex, while the Senate returned to the Congress Building, until the GSIS Building was finished in 1997. Thus, the country's two houses of Congress meet at different places in Metro Manila.

The Senate would eventually move to the New Senate Building at the Navy Village in Fort Bonifacio, Taguig by 2025 at the earliest. [6] As the Senate has rented GSIS for the office space, it asked the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA) to present suitable sites for it to move to, with the Senate eyeing the Navy Village property along Lawton Avenue as its favored site. [7] In 2018, a building designed by AECOM was chosen as winner for the new home for the Senate and was expected to be built by 2022. Civil works to erect the building had been awarded to Hilmarcs Construction Corporation, the same company the Senate investigated for alleged overpriced construction of the Makati City Hall Parking Building II in 2015. [8] The reception to the design was mixed, with some Filipino netizens comparing it to a garbage can. [9] By early 2021, the New Senate Building's construction was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. [10]

Recent elections

These are the two recent elections that determined the current membership of the 19th Congress of the Philippines.

2022

CandidateParty or allianceVotes%
Robin Padilla Tuloy ang Pagbabago [a] PDP–Laban 26,612,43447.91
Loren Legarda Lacson–Sotto slate [a] [b] [c] Nationalist People's Coalition 24,264,96943.68
Raffy Tulfo Independent [b] [d] 23,396,95442.12
Win Gatchalian UniTeam Nationalist People's Coalition 20,602,65537.09
Francis Escudero Lacson–Sotto slate [b] [e] Nationalist People's Coalition 20,271,45836.49
Mark Villar UniTeam [c] Nacionalista Party 19,475,59235.06
Alan Peter Cayetano Independent 19,295,31434.74
Migz Zubiri UniTeam [c] Independent 18,734,33633.73
Joel Villanueva Independent [b] [d] [e] 18,486,03433.28
JV Ejercito Lacson–Sotto slate [b] [f] Nationalist People's Coalition 15,841,85828.52
Risa Hontiveros Team Robredo–Pangilinan [g] Akbayan 15,420,80727.76
Jinggoy Estrada UniTeam [c] Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 15,108,62527.20
Jejomar Binay United Nationalist Alliance [b] [d] [e] 13,263,97023.88
Herbert Bautista UniTeam Nationalist People's Coalition 13,104,71023.59
Gilbert Teodoro UniTeam [c] People's Reform Party 12,788,47923.02
Guillermo Eleazar Lacson–Sotto slate Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma 11,305,32220.35
Harry Roque UniTeam [c] People's Reform Party 11,246,20620.25
Gregorio Honasan Independent [a] [d] 10,643,49119.16
Chel Diokno Team Robredo–Pangilinan [g] Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino 9,978,44417.96
Larry Gadon UniTeam Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 9,691,60717.45
Antonio Trillanes Team Robredo–Pangilinan Liberal Party 8,630,27215.54
Dick Gordon Bagumbayan–VNP [b] [d] [e] 8,377,89315.08
Leila de Lima Team Robredo–Pangilinan [g] Liberal Party 7,278,60213.10
Neri Colmenares Makabayan [b] [g] 6,098,78210.98
Alex Lacson Team Robredo–Pangilinan Ang Kapatiran 5,477,0889.86
Salvador Panelo Tuloy ang Pagbabago PDP–Laban 4,887,0668.80
Francis Leo Marcos Independent 4,538,8578.17
Teddy Baguilat Team Robredo–Pangilinan [g] Liberal Party 4,275,8737.70
Monsour del Rosario Lacson–Sotto slate Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma 3,810,0966.86
Carl Balita Aksyon Demokratiko 3,730,1646.71
Rodante Marcoleta [h] Tuloy ang Pagbabago [a] PDP–Laban 3,591,8996.47
Emmanuel Piñol Lacson–Sotto slate Nationalist People's Coalition 3,544,2836.38
Minguita Padilla Lacson–Sotto slate Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma 3,541,0386.37
Luke Espiritu Laban ng Masa Partido Lakas ng Masa 3,470,5506.25
Astra Pimentel-Naik Tuloy ang Pagbabago PDP–Laban 2,975,9085.36
Sonny Matula Team Robredo–Pangilinan [g] Independent 2,692,5654.85
Greco Belgica Tuloy ang Pagbabago Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan 2,349,0404.23
Jopet Sison Aksyon Demokratiko 2,218,0953.99
Samira Gutoc Aksyon Demokratiko [g] 1,834,7053.30
Carmen Zubiaga Independent 1,763,8983.18
Silvestre Bello Jr. PDP–Laban 1,738,3873.13
Elmer Labog Makabayan [b] [g] 1,578,3852.84
Rey Langit Tuloy ang Pagbabago PDP–Laban 1,364,5482.46
Melchor Chavez Labor Party Philippines 953,2411.72
Abner Afuang Independent 901,1961.62
Roy Cabonegro Laban ng Masa Partido Lakas ng Masa 880,9191.59
Ibrahim Albani Labor Party Philippines 792,1171.43
Lutgardo Barbo MP3 Alliance PDP–Laban 749,4721.35
John Castriciones Tuloy ang Pagbabago [f] PDP–Laban 712,8521.28
David d'Angelo Laban ng Masa Partido Lakas ng Masa 693,9321.25
Agnes Bailen Independent 670,6781.21
Nur-Mahal Kiram Independent 585,3371.05
Nur-Ana Sahidulla Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan 572,6451.03
Leo Olarte Bigkis Pinoy Movement 567,6491.02
Ariel Lim Independent 560,6601.01
Fernando Diaz Partido Pilipino sa Pagbabago 557,5221.00
Jesus Arranza Independent 526,7050.95
Willie Ricablanca Jr. Partido Maharlika 490,7120.88
RJ Javellana Independent 471,9990.85
Marieta Mindalano-Adam Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi 446,2950.80
Ernie Ereño Partido Maharlika 408,3660.74
Baldomero Falcone Democratic Party of the Philippines 396,5270.71
Emily Mallillin Partido Pederal ng Maharlika 390,1340.70
Rey Valeros Independent 353,7300.64
Total431,983,947100.00
Total votes55,549,791
Registered voters/turnout66,839,97683.11
Source: COMELEC
  1. 1 2 3 4 Guest candidate of the UniTeam
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Guest candidate of the MP3 Alliance
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Guest candidate of Tuloy ang Pagbabago
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Guest candidate of the Lacson–Sotto slate
  5. 1 2 3 4 Guest candidate of Team Robredo–Pangilinan
  6. 1 2 Guest candidate of Aksyon Demokratiko
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Guest candidate of Laban ng Masa
  8. Withdrew but remained on the ballot

2019

CandidateParty or allianceVotes%
Cynthia Villar Hugpong ng Pagbabago Nacionalista Party 25,283,72753.46
Grace Poe Independent 22,029,78846.58
Bong Go Hugpong ng Pagbabago PDP–Laban 20,657,70243.68
Pia Cayetano Hugpong ng Pagbabago Nacionalista Party 19,789,01941.84
Ronald dela Rosa Hugpong ng Pagbabago PDP–Laban 19,004,22540.18
Sonny Angara Hugpong ng Pagbabago Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino 18,161,86238.40
Lito Lapid Nationalist People's Coalition 16,965,46435.87
Imee Marcos Hugpong ng Pagbabago Nacionalista Party 15,882,62833.58
Francis Tolentino Hugpong ng Pagbabago PDP–Laban 15,510,02632.79
Koko Pimentel Hugpong ng Pagbabago PDP–Laban 14,668,66531.01
Bong Revilla Hugpong ng Pagbabago Lakas–CMD 14,624,44530.92
Nancy Binay United Nationalist Alliance 14,504,93630.67
JV Ejercito Hugpong ng Pagbabago Nationalist People's Coalition 14,313,72730.26
Bam Aquino Otso Diretso Liberal Party 14,144,92329.91
Jinggoy Estrada Hugpong ng Pagbabago Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 11,359,30524.02
Mar Roxas Otso Diretso Liberal Party 9,843,28820.81
Serge Osmeña Independent 9,455,20219.99
Willie Ong Lakas–CMD 7,616,26516.10
Dong Mangudadatu Hugpong ng Pagbabago PDP–Laban 7,499,60415.86
Jiggy Manicad Hugpong ng Pagbabago Independent 6,896,88914.58
Chel Diokno Otso Diretso Liberal Party 6,342,93913.41
Juan Ponce Enrile Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 5,319,29811.25
Gary Alejano Otso Diretso Liberal Party 4,726,6529.99
Neri Colmenares Labor Win Makabayan 4,683,9429.90
Samira Gutoc Otso Diretso Liberal Party 4,345,2529.19
Romulo Macalintal Otso Diretso Independent 4,007,3398.47
Erin Tañada Otso Diretso Liberal Party 3,870,5298.18
Larry Gadon Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 3,487,7807.37
Florin Hilbay Otso Diretso Aksyon Demokratiko 2,757,8795.83
Freddie Aguilar Independent 2,580,2305.46
Glenn Chong Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino 2,534,3355.36
Rafael Alunan III Bagumbayan–VNP 2,059,3594.35
Faisal Mangondato Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 1,988,7194.20
Agnes Escudero Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 1,545,9853.27
Diosdado Padilla Partido Federal ng Pilipinas 1,095,3372.32
Ernesto ArellanoLabor Win Independent 937,7131.98
Allan MontañoLabor Win Independent 923,4191.95
Leody de Guzman Labor Win Partido Lakas ng Masa 893,5061.89
Melchor Chavez Labor Party Philippines 764,4731.62
Vanjie Abejo Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 656,0061.39
Edmundo Casiño Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino 580,8531.23
Abner Afuang Labor Party Philippines 559,0011.18
Shariff Ibrahim Albani Labor Party Philippines 496,8551.05
Dan Roleda United Nationalist Alliance 469,8400.99
Conrado Generoso Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 449,7850.95
Nur-Ana Sahidulla Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino 444,0960.94
Abraham Jangao Independent 434,6970.92
Marcelino Arias Labor Party Philippines 404,5130.86
Richard Alfajora Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 404,5130.86
Sonny Matula Labor Party Philippines/Labor Win400,3390.85
Elmer Francisco Partido Federal ng Pilipinas 395,4270.84
Joan Sheelah Nalliw Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 390,1650.82
Gerald Arcega Labor Party Philippines 383,7490.81
Butch Valdes Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino 367,8510.78
Jesus Caceres Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 358,4720.76
Bernard Austria Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas 347,0130.73
Jonathan Baldevarona Independent 310,4110.66
Emily Mallillin Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 304,2150.64
Charlie Gaddi Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 286,3610.61
RJ Javellana Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino 258,5380.55
Junbert Guigayuma Labor Party Philippines 240,3060.51
Luther Meniano Labor Party Philippines 159,7740.34
Total362,179,156100.00
Total votes47,296,442
Registered voters/turnout63,643,26374.31
Source: COMELEC

    Historical makeup

    This is how the Senate looked like after the beginning of every Congress under the 1987 constitution. The parties are arranged alphabetically, with independents at the rightmost side. Vacancies are denoted by dashes after the independents. Senators may switch parties or become independents mid-term.

    Prominent senators

    Presidents

    Vice Presidents

    Speakers of the House of Representatives

    Chief Justices

    First Lady

    Framers of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

    Recipients of the Quezon Service Cross

    Notable senators

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    The Batasang Pambansa Complex, or simply the Batasan, is the seat of the House of Representatives of the Philippines. It is located along the Batasan Road in Batasan Hills, Quezon City.

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 Philippine Senate election</span> 33rd election of members to the Senate of the Philippines

    The 2019 election of members to the Senate of the Philippines was the 33rd election of members to the Senate of the Philippines for a six-year term. It was held on May 13, 2019.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Panfilo Lacson 2022 presidential campaign</span> Presidential campaign for the 2022 Philippine presidential elections

    The 2022 presidential campaign of Panfilo Lacson was announced in a televised launch on September 8, 2021, along with his running mate Tito Sotto. Panfilo Lacson is a three-term senator of the Philippines and former chief of the Philippine National Police, while Sotto is a four-term senator who served as the president of the senate from 2018 to 2022.

    References

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    2. Calonzo, Andero (August 11, 2011). "Pimentel proclaimed 12th winning senator in '07 polls". GMA News Online. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
    3. Viray, Patricia Lourdes (May 19, 2016). "Comelec proclaims Senate 'Magic 12'". The Philippine Star. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
    4. Quezon Memorial Book. Quezon Memorial Committee. 1952.
    5. Towards the south side, opposite the base of the famous clocktower. &
    6. Cruz, RG (May 27, 2024). "Escudero: Senate won't move to new building this year". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
    7. "Senate to move to Bonifacio Global City in Taguig by 2020 - The Manila Times Online". www.manilatimes.net. January 25, 2017. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
    8. "Controversial contractor to build new Senate home". March 19, 2019.
    9. "Lacson defends construction of new Senate Building in Bonifacio" . Retrieved August 22, 2019.
    10. Terrazola, Vanne Elaine (February 20, 2021). "Sotto says conversion of new Senate building to hospital up to next batch of senators". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
    11. "Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago". Senate.
    12. "Miriam joins Bill Gates elite law group". Philstar.
    13. Bragado, Erlinda (2002). ""Sukimátem": Isabelo de los Reyes Revisited" (PDF). Philippine Studies . 50 (1): 50–75. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
    14. Oaminal, Clarence Paul. "Don Vicente Yap Sotto, father of Cebuano journalism, language and literature". Philstar.com. Retrieved November 7, 2022.