Malolos Congress

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Malolos Congress

Congreso de Malolos
Congreso Revolucionario
Coat of arms of the Philippines (1898-1901).svg
Malolos Congress in session.jpg
Type
Type
History
FoundedSeptember 15, 1898
DisbandedNovember 13, 1899
Preceded by Cortes of Cádiz
Ayuntamiento
Succeeded by Taft Commission
Leadership
President of the National Assembly
Vice President of the National Assembly
Seats136 [1] [a]
Meeting place
Barasoain Church

The Malolos Congress (Spanish : Congreso de Malolos), also known as the Revolutionary Congress (Spanish : Congreso Revolucionario) [3] and formally the National Assembly, was the legislative body of the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines and, later, as the Philippine Republic.

Contents

From 1898 to 1899, prior to the Philippine Declaration of Independence and their gathering at Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan, for the drafting of the Malolos Constitution, congressional delegates used the Malolos station at the Malolos town center. [4]

Members were chosen in the elections held from June 23 to September 10, 1898. The assembly consisted of elected delegates chosen by balloting in provincial assemblies and appointed delegates chosen by the president to represent regions under unstable military and civilian conditions. The Revolutionary Congress was opened on September 15, 1898. President Emilio Aguinaldo presided over the opening session of the assembly.

After the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution on January 22, 1899, replaced the revolutionary government with the Philippine Republic, [b] the Malolos Congress became the legislative branch of that government, designated in the constitution as the Assembly of Representatives. [5]

Sessions

Leadership

Pedro Paterno
Benito Legarda
Gregorio S. Araneta and Pablo Ocampo

Members

Soldiers of the Philippine Revolutionary Army during a session of the congress. Barasoain church1899.jpg
Soldiers of the Philippine Revolutionary Army during a session of the congress.
Emilio Aguinaldo (seated, center) and ten of the delegates to the first Assembly of Representatives. General Aguinaldo (seated, center) and ten of the delegates to the first Assembly of Representatives that passed the Con - NARA - 530993.tif
Emilio Aguinaldo (seated, center) and ten of the delegates to the first Assembly of Representatives.
ProvinceDelegates [1] [6] [a] Notes
Abra Isidro ParedesElected
Juan Villamor Elected
Albay Honorato AgravaElected
Marcial Calleja Elected
Salvador del RosarioElected
Pantaleon GarciaElected
Aguedo VelardeAppointed
Antique Ariston GellaAppointed
Vicente LopezAppointed
Eusebio NatividadAppointed
Bataan Hermogenes MarcoElected
Pedro TeopacoElected
Jose TuazonElected
Batanes Vito Belarmino Appointed
Daniel Tirona Elected
Batangas Gregorio AguileraElected
Ambrosio Flores Elected
Eduardo Gutierrez DavidElected
Mariano LopezElected
Bohol Tranquilino ArroyoAppointed
Anastasio PinsonAppointed
Pedro Tongio Liongson Appointed
Bulacan Trinidad IcasaianoElected
Pedro Serrano LaktawElected
Mariano Crisostomo LugoElected
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista Elected
Cagayan Anastacio FranciscoAppointed
Vicente Guzman PagulayanElected
Pablo Tecson Appointed
Calamianes Norberto Cruz HerreraAppointed
Narciso Hidalgo ResureccionAppointed
S. IsidroAppointed
Camarines Tomas Arejola Elected
Justo Lukban Elected
Mariano AbellaElected
Valeriano VelardeElected
Capiz Mariano BacaniAppointed
Juan BaltazarAppointed
Miguel ZaragozaAppointed
Catanduanes Jose Alejandrino Appointed
Marcelino de SantosAppointed
Cavite Jose BasaElected
Severino de las AlasElected
Hugo IlaganElected
Jose SalamancaElected
Cebu Ariston BautistaAppointed
Felix DavidAppointed
Francisco Makabulos Appointed
Trinidad Pardo de Tavera Appointed
Ilocos Norte Gregorio Aglipay Elected
Primitivo DonatoElected
Martin GarciaElected
Jose LunaElected
Pedro Paterno Elected
Pio RomeroElected
Ilocos Sur Marcelino Crisologo Appointed
Mariano FosElected
Francisco TongsonElected
Ignacio Villamor Elected
Iloilo Ariano Hernandez Appointed
Venancio Concepcion Appointed
Esteban de la Rama Appointed
Melecio Figueroa Appointed
Tiburcio HilarioAppointed
Isabela Raymundo AlindadaAppointed
Eustacio del RosarioElected
Abelardo GuzmanElected
La Union Mateo del RosarioAppointed
Joaquin Luna Elected
Miguel PaternoAppointed
Laguna Higinio BenitezElected
Graciano CorderoElected
Mauricio IlaganElected
Manuel SityarElected
Lepanto Leon Apacible Elected
Reymundo JecielElected
Antonio RebelloElected
Leyte Simplicio del RosarioAppointed
Rafael GuerreroAppointed
Lucio NavarroAppointed
Marciano Zamora ConcepcionAppointed
Manila Arsenio Cruz Herrera Elected
Felix Ferrer PascualElected
Teodoro Gonzales LeañoElected
Mariano Limjap Elected
Masbate Alberto BarrettoAppointed
Maximo CabigtingAppointed
Mindoro Antonio ConstantinoElected
Arturo DancelAppointed
Perfecto GabrielAppointed
Morong Marcelo MesinaElected
Jose OliverosElected
Negros Occidental Juan BensonAppointed
Jose de la VinaAppointed
Antonio MontenegroAppointed
Negros Oriental Pio del Pilar Appointed
Mariano Leogardo OirolaAppointed
Luciano San MiguelAppointed
Nueva Ecija Epifanio de los Santos Elected
Gregorio MacapinlacElected
Jose Turiano Santiago Elected
Nueva Vizcaya Hipolito MagsalinAppointed
Evaristo PanganibanElected
Padre Burgos Joaquin BaltazarElected
Ceferino de Leon Appointed
Sixto ZanduetaAppointed
Palaos Isidro TiongcoAppointed
Pampanga Joaquin Gonzalez Elected
Ramon HensonElected
Enrique MacapinlacElected
Jose Rodriguez InfanteElected
Pangasinan Sebastian de CastroAppointed
Vicente del PradoElected
Antonio FelicianoElected
Adriano GarcesAppointed
Paragua Felipe Calderon Appointed
Domingo ColmenarAppointed
Samar Servillano Aquino Appointed
Javier Gonzales SalvadorAppointed
Juan TongcoAppointed
Sorsogon Maximino HizonAppointed
Pedro LipanaAppointed
Manuel Xerez BurgosAppointed
Tarlac Julian CarpioElected
Juan NepomucenoElected
Victoriano TañedoElected
Tayabas Sofio AlandyElected
Jose EspinosaAppointed
Basilio TeodoroAppointed
Tucuran Telesforo Chuidian Appointed
Zambales Alejandro AlbertElected
Felix S. BautistaAppointed
Juan Manday GabrielElected
Zamboanga Felipe Buencamino Appointed
Tomas Mascardo Appointed
Lazaro TañedoAppointed

In 2006, it was asserted by the president of the Bulacan Historical Society, engineer Marcial Aniag, that among the 85 delegates who convened in Malolos there were 43 lawyers, 17 doctors, five pharmacists, three educators, seven businessmen, four painters, three military men, a priest, and four farmers. [7] Five of the 85 delegates did not have a college degree. [7]

Ratification of the declaration of independence

One of the first acts of the Revolutionary Congress was the ratification on September 29, 1898 of the Philippine Declaration of Independence against Spain which had been proclaimed on June 12, 1898. [8]

Malolos Constitution

Mabini had planned for the Revolutionary Congress to act only as an advisory body to the president and submitted a draft of Constitutional Program of the Philippine Republic [8] while Paterno submitted a constitutional draft based on the Spanish Constitution of 1869. The Congress, however, began work to draft a constitution. The resulting document, the Malolos Constitution, was promulgated on January 21, 1899. [8] Its proclamation resulted in the creation of the Philippine Republic, which replaced the Revolutionary Government.

Notes

  1. 1 2 In the book Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic by Teodoro Agoncillo, the Malolos Congress had 193 delegates (42 elected and 151 appointed). [2]
  2. Now commonly referred to as the First Philippine Republic; see the Philippine Republic article for further info.

References

  1. 1 2 Kalaw 1927 , p.  121 (citing Volume II, Galley 2 of Major J. R. M. Taylor's translation and compilation of captured insurgent records ( Taylor 1907 ))
  2. Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1897). Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic. University of the Philippines Press. pp. 224 and Appendix F (pp, 658–663). ISBN   978-971-542-096-9.{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  3. Guevara, Sulpico, ed. (2005). "Decree of June 23, 1898 establishing the Revolutionary Government". The Laws of the First Philippine Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898–1899. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library (published 1972). pp.  37-38 . Retrieved February 9, 2021.. (English translation by Sulpicio Guevara)
  4. Velasco, Shane (February 1, 2025). "Panandang pangkasaysayan inilagak sa dating PNR train station sa Malolostrans-title=Marker of Malolos Station unveiled" [Marker of Malolos Station unveiled]. Presidential Communications Group . Retrieved February 3, 2025.
  5. The 1899 Malolos Constitution in Spanish with a side-by-side English translation (Article 33)
  6. 1 2 Balabo, Dino (December 10, 2006). "Historians: Malolos Congress produced best RP Constitution". Philippine Star . Retrieved August 12, 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 Kalaw 1927 , p.  125

Further reading