 |
|---|
 Philippinesportal |
The Philippine Constitutional Commission of 1986 was the constitutional convention tasked with drafting the present iteration of the Constitution of the Philippines in 1986.
| |
|---|
| Philippinesportal |
The Philippine Constitutional Commission of 1986 was the constitutional convention tasked with drafting the present iteration of the Constitution of the Philippines in 1986.
| Drafting | Enactment | Ratification |
|---|---|---|
| 1987 Constitution | ||
| Approval | October 12, 1986 | October 15, 1986 |
| Ratification | October 15, 1986 | February 2, 1987 |
A nomination process was held to select the members of the commission. The commission was composed of 48 national, regional, and sectoral representatives, which included lawyers, entrepreneurs, politicians, landlords, health professionals, religious leaders, labor and peasant leaders, university professors, and journalists. [1]
| Commissioner | Committee Chairmanship | Committee Vice Chairmanship |
|---|---|---|
| Yusuf R. Abubakar | Privileges | |
| Domocao Alonto | ||
| Felicitas S. Aquino | ||
| Adolfo Azcuna | Legislative | |
| Teodoro Bacani Jr. | General Provisions | |
| Jose F. S. Bengzon Jr. | Steering Committee | |
| Ponciano L. Bennagen | ||
| Joaquin Bernas, S.J. | Citizenship, Bill of Rights, Political Rights and Obligations and Human Rights | |
| Florangel Rosario Braid | General Provisions | |
| Lino Brocka [lower-alpha 1] | ||
| Jose D. Calderon | Local Governments | |
| Crispino M. de Castro | ||
| Jose C. Colayco | Accountability of Public Officers | |
| Roberto Concepcion | Judiciary | |
| Hilario Davide Jr. | Legislative | |
| Vicente B. Foz | Constitutional Commissions and Agencies | |
| Ed Garcia | Sponsorship | |
| Chito Gascon | Social Justice and Social Services | |
| Serafin V. C. Guingona | Sponsorship | |
| Alberto M. K. Jamir | ||
| Jose Laurel Jr. | Citizenship, Bill of Rights, Political Rights and Obligations and Human Rights | |
| Eulogio R. Lerum | ||
| Regalado Maambong | ||
| Christian Monsod | Accountability of Public Officers | |
| Teodulo C. Natividad | ||
| Ma. Teresa F. Nieva | Social Justice and Social Services | |
| Jose Nolledo | Local Governments | |
| Blas Ople | Amendments and Transitory Provisions | |
| Ambrosio B. Padilla | ||
| Cecilia Muñoz-Palma | ||
| Minda Luz Quesada | Privileges | |
| Napoleon Rama | Steering Committee | |
| Florenz Regalado | Executive | |
| Rustico F. de los Reyes Jr. | ||
| Cirilo A. Rigos | Constitutional Commissions and Agencies | |
| Soc Rodrigo | Style | |
| Ricardo J. Romulo | Judiciary | |
| Decoroso Rosales | Preamble, National Territory, and Declaration of Principles | |
| Rene V. Sarmiento | ||
| Jose E. Suarez | Amendments and Transitory Provisions | |
| Lorenzo Sumulong | - Rules - Executive | |
| Jaime Tadeo | National Economy and Patrimony | |
| Mary Christine Tan | ||
| Gregorio J. Tingson | Preamble, National Territory, and Declaration of Principles | |
| Efrain B. Trenas | Style | |
| Lugum L. Uka | Human Resources | |
| Wilfrido V. Villacorta | Human Resources | |
| Bernardo Villegas | National Economy and Patrimony |
The president of the Philippines is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
The Congress of the Philippines is the legislature of the national government of the Philippines. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, although colloquially the term "Congress" commonly refers to just the latter, and an upper body, the Senate. The House of Representatives meets in the Batasang Pambansa in Quezon City while the Senate meets in the GSIS Building in Pasay.
The House of Representatives of the Philippines is the lower house of Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the Senate of the Philippines as the upper house. The lower house is usually called Congress, although the term collectively refers to both houses.
The Senate of the Philippines is the upper house of Congress of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines with the House of Representatives as the lower house. The Senate is composed of 24 senators who are elected at-large under plurality-at-large voting.
The Commission on Appointments is a constitutional body which confirms or rejects certain political appointments made by the President of the Philippines. The current commission was created by the 1987 Constitution.
The 13th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 26, 2004, until June 8, 2007, during the fourth, fifth, and sixth years of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's presidency. The convening of the 13th Congress followed the 2004 national elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.
The 3rd Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from January 25, 1954, until December 10, 1957, during the 39-month presidency of Ramon Magsaysay and the first nine months of Carlos P. García's presidency.
The 4th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from January 27, 1958, until December 13, 1961, during the second term of President Carlos P. Garcia.
The 12th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 23, 2001, until June 4, 2004, during the first three years of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's presidency. The convening of the 12th Congress followed the 2001 general elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership, and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.
The 9th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 27, 1992, until June 9, 1995, during the first three years of Fidel Ramos's presidency. The convening of the 9th Congress follows the 1992 national elections, where, under the transitory provisions of the Constitution, the first 12 senators who garnered the highest votes would have a six-year term while the next 12 senators would have a three-year term and the entire membership of the House of Representatives was replaced.
The 10th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 24, 1995, until June 5, 1998, during the last three years of Fidel Ramos's presidency. The convening of the 10th Congress followed the 1995 national elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership, and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.
The 11th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 27, 1998, until June 8, 2001, during the 31-month presidency of Joseph Estrada and the first four months of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's presidency. The convening of the 11th Congress followed the 1998 national elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership, and the entire membership of the House of Representatives. The Estrada impeachment was the highlight of the 11th Congress.
Constitutional reform in the Philippines, also known as charter change, refers to the political and legal processes needed to amend the current 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. Under the common interpretation of the Constitution, amendments can be proposed by one of three methods: a People's Initiative, a Constituent Assembly or a Constitutional Convention.
Cecilia Arreglado Muñoz-Palma was a Filipino jurist and the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court of the Philippines. She was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Ferdinand Marcos on October 29, 1973, and served until she reached the then-mandatory retirement age of 65.
The First Philippine Legislature was the first session of the Philippine Legislature, the first representative legislature of the Philippines. Then known as the Philippine Islands, the Philippines under the sovereign control of the United States through the Insular Government. The Philippine Legislature consisted of an appointed upper house, the Philippine Commission, and an elected lower house, the Philippine Assembly. These bodies were the predecessors of the Philippine Senate and Philippine House of the Philippine Congress.
The Third Philippine Legislature was the meeting of the legislature of the Philippines under the sovereign control of the United States from October 16, 1912, to February 24, 1916.
The First Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, also known as the Postwar Congress, and the Liberation Congress, refers to the meeting of the bicameral legislature composed of the Senate and House of Representatives, from 1945 to 1946. The meeting only convened after the reestablishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1945 when President Sergio Osmeña called it to hold five special sessions. Osmeña had replaced Manuel L. Quezon as president after the former died in exile in the United States in 1944.
The Constitution of the Philippines is the constitution or the supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines. Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986, and ratified by a nationwide plebiscite on February 2, 1987.
Bernardo Malvar Villegas is a Filipino economist and writer best known for being one of the framers of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, for authoring a number of widely used Philippine economics textbooks, and for his role in the founding of two influential Philippine business organizations, the Center for Research and Communication and the Makati Business Club.