Jaime "Ka Jimmy" San Luis Tadeo (March 28,1938 –March 26,2023) was a Filipino peasant and organic farming activist. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Tadeo was born in Bocaue,Bulacan. [1] [5] He obtained a bachelor's degree in Agriculture from the Araneta University in 1960 and worked for different government agencies from 1962 to 1981. [5] Tadeo was formerly one of the leaders of the militant Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (the KMP,or Peasant Movement of the Philippines),formed amid the 1986 People Power Revolution in order to push for agrarian reform,until the peasant movement split into multiple groups in the 1990s. [1] [6] [7] [2] [8] [9]
Shortly after the fall of the Marcos dictatorship,Tadeo was appointed to be part of the 1986 Constitutional Commission where he was the sole peasant representative. [2]
In January 1987,Tadeo figured prominently in the demonstrations which led to the Mendiola massacre,a violent dispersal of peasants,workers,and students by state security forces which left 13 dead. [1] [10] According to Tadeo,most of the 13 were part of a "composite team" purposely put to protect him from gunfire. [3]
In 1990,Tadeo was arrested and sentenced to a maximum of 18 years in prison at the National Penitentiary in Muntinlupa for committing estafa, [11] which supporters claim was due to his outspoken criticism of Corazon Aquino's executive order on agrarian reform. [4] [2] [12] Asked about his views on the president,he remarked that she "[was] running the country like her own hacienda," and retorted "I asked Cory Aquino for land for the peasants and she gave me 'Muntinlupa' (in Tagalog,'tiny piece of land')." [2] [4] Tadeo's sentence was commuted after three years,being released on parole on August 6,1993 after submitting his release application to the Department of Justice's Board of Pardons and Parole,with president Fidel V. Ramos stating that his release could benefit the national peace and reconciliation program under his administration. [11]
Scholar James Putzel took the title of his 1992 book,A Captive Land:The Politics of Agrarian Reform in the Philippines on the history of land reform in the Philippines and the United States' role in it,from Tadeo's remark that the Philippines is a "foreign dominated economy," captive to American interests. [2]
Tadeo led a small group of Bulakenyo and Central Luzon farmers as head of the organization Paragos-Pilipinas. [1] [13] [14] Tadeo supported the Genuine Agrarian Reform Bill filed in Congress by Representative Rafael Mariano in 2018. [15]
Tadeo died on March 26,2023,two days before his 85th birthday. [15] [16]
Metropolitan Manila,commonly shortened to Metro Manila and formally the National Capital Region,is the capital region and largest metropolitan area of the Philippines. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay,the region lies between the Central Luzon and Calabarzon regions. Encompassing an area of 636.00 km2 (245.56 sq mi) and with a population of 13,484,462 as of 2020,it consists of sixteen highly urbanized cities:Manila—the capital city—Caloocan,Las Piñas,Makati,Malabon,Mandaluyong,Marikina,Muntinlupa,Navotas,Parañaque,Pasay,Pasig,Quezon City,San Juan,Taguig,and Valenzuela,along with one independent municipality,Pateros. As the second most populous and the most densely populated region in the Philippines,it ranks as the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Asia and the 6th most populous urban area in the world.
Bulacan,officially the Province of Bulacan,is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Malolos. Bulacan was established on August 15,1578,and part of the Metro Luzon Urban Beltway Super Region. This province is a part of the Greater Manila Area.
Nueva Ecija,officially the Province of Nueva Ecija,is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Palayan,while Cabanatuan,its former capital,is the largest local government unit (LGU). Nueva Ecija borders,from the south clockwise,Bulacan,Pampanga,Tarlac,Pangasinan,Nueva Vizcaya and Aurora. The province is nationally known as the Rice Granary of the Philippines,producing the largest rice yield in the country.
María Corazón"Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino was a Filipino politician who served as the 11th president of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. She was the most prominent figure of the 1986 People Power Revolution,which ended the two-decade rule of President Ferdinand Marcos and led to the establishment of the current democratic Fifth Philippine Republic.
Central Luzon,designated as Region III,is an administrative region in the Philippines. The region comprises seven provinces:Aurora,Bataan,Bulacan,Nueva Ecija,Pampanga,Tarlac,and Zambales;and two highly urbanized cities,Angeles and Olongapo. San Jose del Monte is the most populous city in the region. The region contains the largest plain in the country and produces most of the country's rice supply,earning itself the nickname "Rice Granary of the Philippines". It is also the region to have the most number of provinces.
Luis Mangalus Taruc was a Filipino political figure and rebel during the agrarian unrest of the 1930s until the end of the Cold War. He was the leader of the Hukbalahap group between 1942 and 1950. His involvement with the movement came after his initiation to the problems of agrarian Filipinos when he was a student in the early 1930s. During World War II,Taruc led the Hukbalahap in guerrilla operations against the Japanese occupants of the Philippines.
The Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon,better known by the acronym Hukbalahap,was a Filipino communist guerrilla movement formed by the farmers of Central Luzon. They were originally formed to fight the Japanese,but extended their fight into a rebellion against the Philippine government,known as the Hukbalahap rebellion in 1946. It was eventually put down through a series of reforms and military victories by Defense Secretary,and later President,Ramon Magsaysay.
Benedict John Kerkvliet is Emeritus Professor at the Department of Political and Social Change,School of International,Political &Strategic Studies,Australian National University. He works across the areas of comparative politics,Southeast Asia and Asian studies. Kerkvliet was born and raised in Montana,surrounded by working-class relatives and friends for whom political discussion and debate were part of life. After graduating from the local public high schools,he earned his B.A. at Whitman College and his M.A. and Ph.D. at University of Wisconsin–Madison. He taught at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa) for nearly twenty years before joining the Australian National University in 1992 where he was a Professor and Head of the Department of Political and Social Change,Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. Kerkvliet currently resides in Hawaiʻi with his wife Melinda.
Rafael "Ka Paeng" Vitriolo Mariano is a Filipino politician. He is a former member of the House of Representatives for Anakpawis,serving from 2004 to 2013. He is also the chairman of the farmers militant group Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (KMP).
The Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930 (PKP-1930),also known as the Philippine Communist Party,is a communist party in the Philippines that was established on November 7,1930. It uses the aforementioned appellation in order to distinguish itself from its better known splinter group,the Communist Party of the Philippines.
The Mendiola massacre was an incident that took place on Mendiola Street,San Miguel,Manila,Philippines on January 22,1987,in which state security forces under President Corazon Aquino violently dispersed a farmers' march to Malacañang Palace in protest for the lack of government action on land reform.
Bernabe Buscayno,also called Kumander Dante,is the founder of the New People's Army,the military wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines.
1987 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1987.
Land reform in the Philippines has long been a contentious issue rooted in the Spanish colonial period. Some efforts began during the American colonial period with renewed efforts during the Commonwealth,following independence,during martial law,and especially following the People Power Revolution in 1986. The current law,the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program,was passed following the revolution and extended until 2014.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Metro Manila:
Communism in the Philippines emerged in the first half of the 20th century during the American colonial era of the Philippines. Communist movements originated in labor unions and peasant groups. The communist movement has had multiple periods of popularity and relevance to the national affairs of the country,most notably during the Second World War and the Martial Law Era of the Philippines. Currently,the communist movement is weaker,and considered an insurgent movement by the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
Juan Feleo was a Filipino peasant leader and politician. He was one of the founders of one of the Philippines' leading peasant groups,the Kalipunang Pambansa ng Magbubukid sa Pilipinas and a top-ranking member of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas. He was also involved in the HUKBALAHAP,and his death sparked the subsequent Huk Rebellion.
Edmundo "Ed" Guidote Garcia is a Filipino human rights activist,peace advocate,and writer.
John Rualo Castriciones,also known by the nickname Bro. John,is a Filipino lawyer and writer who served as the Secretary of Agrarian Reform under the Duterte administration from 2017 to 2021. He was formerly Undersecretary for Operations of the Department of the Interior and Local Government from 2016 to 2017. A member of the Philippine Military Academy "Maharlika" class of 1984,Castriciones also served in various capacities under two previous administrations and as a law school professor at his alma mater Arellano University. His appointment to the Agrarian Reform portfolio was approved by the Commission on Appointments on May 29,2018,after being bypassed earlier by the commission on March 14,2018,and reappointed by Duterte on March 22,2018. Castriciones founded the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas together with the Mayor Rodrigo Roa Duterte-National Executive Coordinating Committee (MRRD-NECC).