2025 Philippine Senate election

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2025 Philippine Senate election
Flag of the Philippines.svg
←  2022 May 12, 2025 (2025-05-12)2028 →
12 (of the 24) seats to the Senate of the Philippines
13 seats needed for a majority
 
Alliance Bagong PIlipinas Liberal
 
Alliance Makabayan PDP
Incumbent Senate President

Francis Escudero
NPC



The 2025 Philippine Senate election will be the 35th election of members to the Senate of the Philippines. It will be held on May 12, 2025, within the 2025 Philippine general election. The seats of the 12 senators elected in 2019 will be contested in this election. The senators that will be elected in this election will serve until 2031, joining the winners of the 2022 election to form the Senate's delegation to the 20th Congress of the Philippines, with the senators elected in 2022 serving until 2028.

Contents

The ruling administration of President Bongbong Marcos formed the Alyansa Para sa Bagong Pilipinas, comprising the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP), Lakas–CMD, Nacionalista Party, National Unity Party (NUP), and the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC), to contest the election. In the opposition, the Liberal Party plans to field candidates with the Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (KANP), while the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino (PDP) will run candidates with Hugpong ng Pagbabago (HNP). The Makabayan bloc also plans to field a full slate of candidates for the election as the Oposisyon ng Bayan.

Background

Senate President Migz Zubiri.jpg
Escudero19th.jpg
Migz Zubiri served as Senate president until his resignation on May 20, 2024, after which Francis Escudero took over.

In the 2022 election, the UniTeam Alliance backing the candidacies of eventual president Bongbong Marcos and vice president Sara Duterte won a plurality of seats in the Senate of the Philippines. [1] [2] Leading up to the convention of the 19th Congress, Senators Cynthia Villar and Migz Zubiri, both having run under UniTeam, were viewed as the frontrunners to succeed Senate President Tito Sotto, who left the Senate after being term-limited. [3] [4] [5] After Zubiri presumptively earned enough votes to be elected Senate president and negotiations for a term-sharing agreement failed, Villar withdrew from the contest, leaving Zubiri unopposed for the Senate presidency. [6] [7]

Zubiri's term as Senate president was marked by speculation of efforts to unseat him. Such speculation was confirmed by Senator Imee Marcos, who stated that there were plans to oust Zubiri from the Senate presidency, attributing such efforts to pressure that "came from outside the Senate". [8] On May 20, 2024, Zubiri resigned the Senate presidency after 15 senators expressed their support to oust him from the post. [9] [10] [11] Senator Francis Escudero was nominated as his successor and was elected without objection. [12] [13]

While in government after the alliance's large victories in the election, [14] Duterte remarked that the UniTeam Alliance had already "served its purpose" but claimed that the alliance was still "intact". [15] Following mounting tensions between the Marcos and Duterte political clans, Duterte resigned from her roles as secretary of education and co-vice chairperson of the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC). [16] [17] Political observers saw Duterte's resignation from her positions in the Marcos administration as a confirmation of the collapse of the UniTeam Alliance. Some labeled Duterte as a potential "leader of the opposition", a label that she would reject, claiming that she was "still friends" with Marcos. [18] [19]

Political scientist Julio C. Teehankee observed that a broad united coalition is unlikely to form in 2025 given that the Liberal Party, the traditional political opposition since 2016, has more in common with the ruling Marcos administration and noted that "there is little value in debating" which political faction is the true opposition, noting the varied motivations for opposing an incumbent government. [20]

Electoral system

The Philippines has a 24-member Senate elected at-large. Every three years since 1995, 12 seats are disputed. For 2025, the seats disputed in 2019 will be contested. Each voter has 12 votes, of which one can vote for one to twelve candidates, or a multiple non-transferable vote; the twelve candidates with the most votes are elected.

Senators are limited to serving two consecutive terms, although they are eligible for a third (and succeeding) non-consecutive term. [21] Only half of the seats are up in every senatorial election. [22] The winning senators will succeed those elected in 2019, and will join those elected in 2022 to form the 20th Congress.

Each party or coalition endorses a slate of candidates, typically not exceeding a 12-person ticket. [23] A party may also choose to invite "guest candidates" to complete its slate. [24] The party may even include, with the candidates' consent, independent candidates and candidates from other parties as the party's guest candidates. Parties also may form coalitions to endorse a multi-party slate of candidates.

Winning candidates are proclaimed by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), sitting as the National Board of Canvassers (NBOC). The NBOC usually proclaims senators-elect by batches, if that candidate can no longer fall to worse than twelfth place in the tally. Post-proclamation disputes are handled by the Senate Electoral Tribunal, a body composed of six senators and three justices from the Supreme Court.

Term-limited incumbents

The following are serving a successive six-year term and are barred from seeking reelection. [25]

  1. Nancy Binay (UNA), running for mayor of Makati
    On January 20, 2024, Binay stated in an interview on DWIZ-AM that she was "50 percent sure" that she would run for mayor of Makati upon the end of her term as senator. [26] She confirmed her bid for the mayoralty on September 9. [27] The incumbent mayor and Binay's sister Abigail is running for senator under the Nationalist People's Coalition. [28]
  2. Koko Pimentel (Nacionalista), running for representative in Marikina's 1st district
    On October 6, 2024, Pimentel filed to run for representative in Marikina's 1st district, facing off against incumbent mayor Marcelino Teodoro, husband of the incumbent representative Marjorie Ann, after a failed attempt to form an alliance with the local administration. [29] [30]
  3. Grace Poe (Independent), did not pursue any political office
  4. Cynthia Villar (Nacionalista), running for representative in Las Piñas's at-large district
    On July 31, 2024, Villar expressed her interest in running for public office in Las Piñas, either as mayor or representative for the city's at-large district. [31] [32] Villar was then later seen as running for Congress. [33] Villar then filed to run as representative, [34] while her daughter Camille, the incumbent House representative, is running for senator. [35]

Mid-term vacancies

  1. Sonny Angara (LDP)
    On July 2, 2024, President Bongbong Marcos appointed Angara, a term-limited senator, as secretary of education. [36] [37] On July 18, Angara resigned from the Senate a day before assuming office, leaving his seat vacant until his successor is elected in the regular election. [38] [39]

Parties in the outgoing Senate

In both chambers of Congress, members are organized into "blocs", akin to parliamentary groups elsewhere. In keeping with the traditions of the Third Philippine Republic which was under a two-party system, there are two main blocs, the majority and minority blocs; this is although the country is now in a multi-party system. Those who voted for the Senate president are from the majority bloc, while those who did not (if there are more than two candidates for the Senate presidency) will vote amongst themselves on who will be the minority bloc. Those who belong to neither bloc shall be the independent minority bloc. Members can also be from the independent bloc. Each bloc can have members from multiple parties. Only the majority and minority blocs have voting privileges in committees.

At the end of the 19th Congress, the majority bloc is composed of members who voted for Escudero for Senate president. [40] [41]

Parties in the Senate at the end of the 19th Congress of the Philippines
PartyCurrent seatsBloc membershipPolitical affiliation
TotalUpNot UpMajorityMinorityOther 2022 2025
NPC
5 / 24
14MostNoneSome Reporma–NPC Bagong Pilipinas
Nacionalista
5 / 24
41MostOneNone UniTeam Bagong Pilipinas
PDP
3 / 24
21AllNoneNone TAP TBA
Akbayan
1 / 24
01NoneOneNone TRoPa TBA
Lakas
1 / 24
10OneNoneNone UniTeam Bagong Pilipinas
PFP
1 / 24
10OneNoneNone UniTeam Bagong Pilipinas
PMP
1 / 24
01OneNoneNone UniTeam TBA
UNA
1 / 24
10NoneNoneOne—TBA
Independent
6 / 24
14MostNoneSome—
Vacant
1 / 24
10—
Total24 / 241212

Coalitions

Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas

On May 8, 2024, the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP) and Lakas–CMD signed an alliance agreement at the Manila Polo Club in Makati to form the Alyansa Para sa Bagong Pilipinas (Alliance for the New Philippines) for the 2025 general elections. [42] House Speaker Martin Romualdez remarked that the formation of the alliance created the "most powerful political force in our country today", noting the positioning of the PFP as the de facto ruling party in the country and Lakas' status as the largest political party in the House of Representatives. [43]

Romualdez also implied that the coalition plans to include "all major parties", [44] including the Nacionalista Party, which began negotiations with the alliance on July 2. [45] [46] President Marcos remarked that the alliance aims to be based "not on political expediency but on ideology" that focuses on unity and a new Philippines. [47] Two parties would sign alliance agreements with the coalition: the Nationalist People's Coalition on May 19, [48] and the National Unity Party on June 29. [49] The Nacionalista Party formally entered the coalition on August 8. [50]

On May 10, former Senator Manny Pacquiao announced his senatorial candidacy as a member of the alliance while remaining a member of PROMDI. [51] [52] Reelectionist Senator Imee Marcos, the sister of the president and PFP chairman, noted that she was unsure of her inclusion in the coalition, though the entry of the Nacionalista Party in the alliance ensured her inclusion in its ticket. [53] [45] Party leaders under the alliance met on August 19; on the same day, Erwin Tulfo noted that the administration "still has no final senatorial lineup". [54]

On September 26, President Marcos announced the administration's twelve senatorial bets during an event at the Philippine International Convention Center in Pasay. [55] Imee Marcos, the president's sister, opted out of her inclusion in the slate, saying " I chose to stand alone so that my 'adding' (sibling) would no longer be put in a difficult position, and my true friends won't hesitate." [56] On her sister's decision, president Marcos said "that is her choice." [57]

Liberal Party

At a forum of the Foreign Correspondents Association of the Philippines (FOCAP) on February 22, 2024, Liberal Party spokesperson and former Senator Leila de Lima announced that the party plans to field former senators Bam Aquino and Francis Pangilinan, as well as human rights lawyer Chel Diokno of the Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (KANP), as its senatorial candidates in the upcoming election. [58] [59] Aquino confirmed his bid for the Senate on May 14 after being appointed as the chairman of KANP. [60] While former vice president and 2022 presidential candidate Leni Robredo was floated as a possible candidate, Robredo ruled out a bid for the Senate and instead announced a run for the mayoralty of Naga, Camarines Sur, [61] [62] though the party remained keen in drafting Robredo for its Senate ticket. [63]

Former Senator Antonio Trillanes, who ran under TRoPa in the 2022 Senate election, proposed that the Liberal Party and its allies "set aside sensitivities for a larger cause" and align with the Marcos administration in the Senate race to ensure "obliteration of the Duterte forces". [64] Party President Edcel Lagman was also open to such arrangement. [65] Political pundits suggest that such a coalition would provide the opposition with more resources during the campaign but may alienate "many groups in the opposition camp who are ideologically opposed to any alliance with other political groups". [66] De Lima disapproved of Trillanes' proposal, emphasizing the need to adhere to the party's principles as a political opposition and identity as "the alternative to the Marcos bloc and the Duterte bloc". [67] Senator Risa Hontiveros concurred with de Lima, stating that while she respects Trillanes's proposition, such an alliance would not form a "genuine opposition". [68]

Makabayan

In an interview during commemorations for the 42nd anniversary of the Alliance of Concerned Teachers (ACT) on June 26, 2024, term-limited Representative France Castro announced her bid for the Senate in response to open letters from teachers encouraging her to seek a seat in the chamber in 2025. [69] [70] Castro added that the Makabayan coalition plans to form a 12-member senate slate for the 2025 elections branded as the "Oposisyon ng Bayan" (Opposition of the Nation) with the aim to form an "alternative slate" to the ruling government. [71] [72] The coalition aims to field candidates from marginalized sectors and vowed not to field candidates from political dynasties or influential families. [73] Castro and Representative Arlene Brosas also stated that they were open to form alliances with "true opposition" groups and have entered negotiations with other opposition groups such as the Liberal Party. [74] Brosas later announced her senate bid on July 16. [75] [76] Makabayan formally announced its ten-member senatorial slate on August 26, during its National Heroes Day event at the Liwasang Bonifacio in Manila. [77] On September 24, Moro activist Amirah Lidasan announced her run as the 11th Makabayan senatorial candidate. [78]

Partido Demokratiko Pilipino

At the party's national council held on April 19, 2024, at the Nustar Resort and Casino in Cebu City, former President Rodrigo Duterte endorsed the reelection bids of incumbent Senators Ronald dela Rosa, Bong Go, and Francis Tolentino as well as the bid of actor Phillip Salvador as part of the party's slate for the election. [79] [80] On June 26, Vice President Sara Duterte confirmed the elder Duterte's bid for the Senate, along with that of her brothers Paolo Duterte, the incumbent representative for Davao City's 1st district, and Sebastian Duterte, the incumbent mayor of Davao City. [81] [82]

In response to the possibility of an alliance between the ruling Marcos administration and the Liberal Party, dela Rosa affirmed that the Dutertes would lead the opposition in such case. [83]

Candidates

The filing of candidacies was from October 1 to 8, 2024, at the Manila Hotel. [84] A total of 184 people registered to run for senator. [85] One withdrew his candidacy. [86] More than a week later, the commission released an initial list of 66 approved candidates. [87] In November, the COMELEC declared 117 nuisance candidates, 14 of which filed motion for reconsideration. [88] [89] This include 2022 election candidate and social media personality Francis Leo Marcos. [90]

Filed certificates of candidacy

The following have filed certificates of candidacy before the COMELEC, and were included in the initial list of candidates. [91]

Withdrew

Declined

Opinion polling

Opinion polling in the Philippines is conducted by Social Weather Stations (SWS), Pulse Asia, OCTA Research, and other pollsters.

Per candidate

This list includes all individuals named by at least 10% of respondents in any of the surveys conducted after the campaign officially began. The top 16 candidates with the highest favorability in each poll are listed below, where the top 12 are marked with a "black line". For a comprehensive list of all individuals included in the surveys, see the main article.

After COC filing

#Oct 16–17, 2024Oct 29–31, 2024
Publicus Asia [148] PEERS Agency [149]
1Ong41E. Tulfo55.7
2E. Tulfo40Lacson47.6
3T. Sotto38T. Sotto46.0
4LacsonCayetano45.4
5Go35B. Tulfo39.6
6B. Tulfo33Ong39.0
7CayetanoPacquiao33.6
8Pacquiao32C. Villar31.9
9Pangilinan30Revilla31.6
10Marcosdela Rosa31.2
11Aquino27Abalos30.9
12dela Rosa26Honasan30.4
13Tolentino23Lapid28.9
14Revillame21Pangilinan28.6
15Honasan20Marcos28.1
16Binay19Aquino27.6
17Lapid18Binay
18C. Villar17Go26.9

Before COC filing

#Feb 21–29, 2024Mar 6–10, 2024Mar 11–14, 2024Mar 14–19, 2024June 15–19, 2024June 17–24, 2024July 17–31, 2024Aug 28–Sep 2, 2024Sep 6–13, 2024Sep 14–23, 2024
Oculum [150] Pulse Asia [151] OCTA [152] Publicus Asia [153] Publicus Asia [154] Pulse Asia [155] Oculum [156] OCTA [157] Pulse Asia [158] SWS [159]
1R. Duterte53E. Tulfo57.1E. Tulfo58Ong41Ong39E.Tulfo58.0E.Tulfo50E. Tulfo60E. Tulfo60.8E. Tulfo54
2T. SottoT. Sotto51.8T. Sotto52R. Duterte38E. Tulfo33T. Sotto50.4T. Sotto48B. Tulfo57B. Tulfo49.6T. Sotto34
3E. Tulfo52R. Duterte47.7Go50E. Tulfo37R. Duterte32Cayetano42.7R. Duterte39T. Sotto50T. Sotto48.0Cayetano31
4Moreno45Go44.2B. Tulfo43Go32LacsonB. Tulfo40.9Cayetano38Go49Cayetano41.3R. Duterte25
5Pacquiao43Cayetano37.7R. Duterte38T. SottoT. Sotto29R. Duterte38.7dela Rosa32Lacson44Go40.3Marcos
6dela Rosa41PacquiaoLacson34LacsonGoGo36.6Lacson31RevillaR. Duterte38.0Lacson24
7Go40dela Rosa33.2dela Rosa33dela Rosa28MorenoMarcos33.8V. Sotto28Cayetano35Binay37.5Revilla
8Ong35Marcos32.1Pacquiao32Marcos27Robredo28Pacquiao33.5Revillame27Tolentino34Revilla35.9C. Villar21
9MarcosMoreno31.5Revilla30MorenoMarcosLacson32.2Ong26PacquiaoLacson35.5Binay20
10V. SottoB. Tulfo30.5Marcos29RobredoPangilinan25Moreno31.7LapidMarcos33Pacquiao31.9Lapid
11CayetanoRevilla29.6Moreno27Teodoro26Teodoro23dela Rosa31.3Mn. VillarLapidMarcos29.8Pacquiao18
12Revilla32Binay29.1Cayetano26Cayetano23CayetanoRevilla29.9Pacquiao24R. Dutertedela Rosa26.2dela Rosa
13Lacson32Lacson28.6Lapid22Pangilinan22dela Rosa22Santos-Recto23.6Revilla22dela Rosa29Lapid24.7Go
14Lapid30Revillame25.9TolentinoDiokno21Diokno21Lapid21.4Moreno20Abalos28Honasan21.5Tolentino17
15Robredo23Lapid25.4Ong21Pacquiao—Pangilinan19.2MarcosOngC. Villar21.2Pangilinan15
16HonasanOng24.6AbalosB. TulfoBinay18.9GoHonasan23Pangilinan20.5Abalos14
17RoxasPangilinan22.2—Tolentino20Failon18.8Honasan19S. Duterte22Ong19.8Aquino
18PangilinanRecto18.8Gordon18Honasan18.6RoxasBinayS. Duterte19.1Honasan13

Per party

Seats won

  • Totals may not add up to 12 due to margin of error.
DatePollster
ACT-CIS
LP
NP
NPC
PDP
PFP
PRP
UNA
Ind
Aug 28–Sep 2OCTA [157] 1101022310103
Jun 17–24Pulse Asia [155] 1201133300102
Jun 15–19Publicus Asia [154] 1210221301001
Mar 14–19Publicus Asia [153] 1200121301001
Mar 11–14OCTA [152] 1201022410102
Mar 6–10Pulse Asia [151] 1201023300103
Feb 21–29Oculum [150] 1201122300103

Seats after the election

  • Totals may not add up to 24 due to margin of error.
DatePollster
LP
NP
NPC
PDP
PFP
PRP
PMP
UNA
Ind
Mar 14–19Publicus Asia [153] 112001354010105
Mar 11–14OCTA [152] 112010365101106
Mar 6–10Pulse Asia [151] 112010374001107
Feb 21–29Oculum [150] 112011364001107

Results

The Commission on Elections, sitting as the National Board of Canvassers, is expected to proclaim the winners at least a week after election.

123456789101112131415171618192021222324
Before
election		Senate blocMinIndependent blocMinMajority bloc
Party‡‡^‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡
Election resultsNot upUp for electionNot up
After
election		Party
Senate bloc[ to be determined ]
Key:
‡Seats up
*Gained by a party from another party
√Held by the incumbent
+Held by the same party with a new senator
*Vacancy

Per party

PartySeats
UpBeforeWonAfter+/−
Nationalist People's Coalition 15–––
Nacionalista Party 45–––
Partido Demokratiko Pilipino 23–––
Lakas–CMD 11–––
Partido Federal ng Pilipinas 11–––
Independent 15–––
Akbayan 01010
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 01010
United Nationalist Alliance 1100−1
Vacancy1100−1
Total1224020

Aside from these parties, the following parties not in the Senate also put up candidates for the election. This is pending COMELEC approval:

Notes

  1. ↑ Quiboloy initially filed his candidacy under the Workers and Peasants Party (WPP) through Mark Tolentino, his legal counsel; however, his nomination is reportedly disputed by Sonny Matula, the party president and also another candidate. [111] As the alleged "intra-party dispute" is yet to be resolved, Quiboloy, through a letter sent to the COMELEC on October 21, revoked his acceptance as a WPP nominee, and decided to run as an independent candidate. [112]
  2. ↑ A dispute in the WPP (Workers and Peasants Party) occurred as Sonny Matula—now a lone candidate under the party—denied the nomination of Apollo Quiboloy who initially filed his candidacy under the party. Mark Tolentino, the latter's legal counsel, [111] has claimed being the president of the "legitimate faction" of the WPP, which was also denied by Matula. [133] Tolentino said as well that Matula is under another WPP—the Workers Party Philippines—which is said to be an "unregistered" political party. [134] [ better source needed ] Meanwhile, the COMELEC found that (the first) WPP has been divided into factions under Ariel Arias, the party chairperson, and Tolentino. [111]

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References

  1. ↑ Gomez, Jim (2022-05-13). "Allies of Marcos Jr. set to dominate Philippine Congress". AP News. Archived from the original on 2023-11-24. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  2. ↑ Palatino, Mong (2022-05-23). "Political Dynasties Dominate Philippines Election — Again". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
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