2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections

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2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections
Flag of the Philippines.svg
←  2022 May 12, 2025 (2025-05-12)2028 →
All 317 seats to the House of Representatives of the Philippines
159 seats needed for a majority
Congressional district elections
All 254 seats from congressional districts
PartyCurrent seats
Lakas 92
NUP 36
NPC 33
Nacionalista 32
PFP 10
Liberal 10
Others 40
Party-list election
All 63 seats under the party-list system
PartyCurrent seats
ACT-CIS 3
1-Rider 2
Tingog 2
4Ps 2
Ako Bikol 2
SAGIP 2
Others 48
Incumbent Speaker
Martin Romualdez
Lakas

The 2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections will be the 37th lower house elections in the Philippines, scheduled to be held on May 12, 2025, within the 2025 Philippine general election. All 317 seats in the House of Representatives will be contested in the election, including one seat for each of the 254 congressional districts in the country and 63 seats representing party-lists apportioned on a nationwide vote.

Contents

Background

In the 2022 election, parties aligned with the UniTeam Alliance and eventual president Bongbong Marcos secured a supermajority of seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines. [1] Political observers noted that among those elected to the chamber, most came from "wealthy and influential families", which was associated with the vote-buying incidents observed in the election. [2]

Upon the opening of the 19th Congress of the Philippines, Representative Martin Romualdez of Leyte's 1st district, a cousin of President Marcos, was elected as the speaker of the House of Representatives unopposed. [3] [4] Media outlets have noted that a number of positions in the house leadership were assigned to representatives related to the Marcos family, including senior deputy majority leader Sandro Marcos, the son of President Marcos, and chair of the accounts committee Yedda Marie Romualdez, the wife of Speaker Romualdez. [5] [6]

Electoral system

The Philippines uses parallel voting for its lower house elections. For this election, there are 317 seats in the House of Representatives; 254 of these are district representatives, and 63 are party-list representatives. [7]

Philippine law mandates that there should be one party-list representative for every four district representatives. District representatives are elected under the first-past-the-post system from single-member districts. Party-list representatives are elected via the nationwide vote with a 2% election threshold, with a party winning not more than three seats. [8] The party with the most votes usually wins three seats, then the other parties with more than 2% of the vote two seats. At this point, if all of the party-list seats are not filled up, the parties with less than 2% of the vote will win one seat each until all party-list seats are filled up. [9] The electoral system, with the 2% threshold and the three-seat cap, encourage vote splitting; and encourage sectors to up separate party-lists for every sector so as not to waste their vote on just one party. [10]

Political parties competing in the party-list election are barred from participating district elections, and vice versa, unless permitted by the Commission on Elections. Party-lists and political parties participating in the district elections may forge coalition deals with one another.

Redistricting

In the Philippines, Congress has the power to create new congressional districts. Congress can either redistrict the entire country within three years after each Philippine census, or create new districts from existing ones piecemeal, although Congress has never redistricted the entire country wholesale since the approval of the 1987 constitution. Congress usually creates a new district once a place reaches the minimum 250,000 population mandated by the constitution. [11]

New districts can also be created by creating new provinces and cities; in this case, it also must be approved by the people in a plebiscite in the affected places.

Changes from the 18th (previous) Congress

These are the districts, not contested in 2022, created by the 18th Congress that were either signed by then-President Rodrigo Duterte or approved by lapse:

Changes from the 19th Congress

On June 21, 2024, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) confirmed that there will be 254 congressional districts to be contested in the election and 63 seats apportioned among the party-lists. [7]

CategoryTotal
Congressional districts in the current Congress253
New districts from redistricting laws from previous Congress1
Congressional districts in the next Congress254
Party-list seats for the next Congress63
Total seats for the next Congress317

Participating parties

In both chambers of Congress, members are organized into "blocs", akin to parliamentary groups elsewhere. In keeping with the traditions of the Third Philippine Republic which was under a two-party system, there are two main blocs, the majority and minority blocs; this is although the country is now in a multi-party system. Those who voted for the winning speaker are from the majority bloc, while those who did not (if there are more than two candidates for the speakership) will vote amongst themselves on who will be the minority bloc. Those who belong to neither bloc shall be the independent minority bloc. Members can also be from the independent bloc. Each bloc can have members from multiple parties. Only the majority and minority blocs have voting privileges in committees.

In the 19th Congress, the majority bloc is aligned with the administration of President Marcos. [1]

In congressional districts

Parties in the House of Representatives at the end of the 19th Congress of the Philippines
Party 2022 results Seats before the electionBloc membershipPolitical affiliation
VotesSeat(s) wonSeatsChangeMajorityMinority 2022 2025
Lakas
9.39%
26 / 316
92 / 317
Increase2.svg 66AllNone UniTeam Bagong PIlipinas
NUP
12.63%
33 / 316
36 / 317
Increase2.svg 3MostSome n/a Bagong PIlipinas
Nacionalista
13.72%
36 / 316
32 / 317
Decrease2.svg 4MostSome n/a Bagong PIlipinas
NPC
11.70%
35 / 316
33 / 317
Decrease2.svg 2AllNone Reporma–NPC Bagong PIlipinas
PFP
0.95%
2 / 316
10 / 317
Increase2.svg 8AllNone UniTeam Bagong PIlipinas
Liberal
3.78%
10 / 316
10 / 317
Steady2.svgMostSome TRoPa TBA
Others
32.08%
76 / 316
40 / 317
Decrease2.svg 36MostSome—
Local parties
11.31%
29 / 316
8 / 317
Decrease2.svg 21MostSome—
Independents
4.44%
6 / 316
1 / 317
Decrease2.svg 2AllNone—
Vacant—
5 / 317
Increase2.svg 5—
Total100%253 / 316253 / 317

In party lists

Party lists in the House of Representatives at the end of the 19th Congress of the Philippines
Party listSeats before the electionBloc membership
MajorityMinority
Party-list
60 / 317
MostSome
Makabayan
3 / 317
NoneAll
Total63 / 317

Retiring and term-limited incumbents

Each representative is limited to three full consecutive terms in office, with voluntary renunciation of the office for any length of time shall not be considered as an interruption in the continuity of his service for the full term for which he was elected.

Term-limited

48 representatives have been elected three consecutive times in regular elections and are barred from seeking another term in 2025.

PartyMemberDistrict
1-Pacman Mikee Romero Party-list
Abono Robert Raymond Estrella Party-list
ACT Teachers France Castro Party-list
ALONA Anna Villaraza-Suarez Party-list
Bagong Henerasyon Bernadette Herrera Party-list
Gabriela Arlene Brosas Party-list
Kusug Tausug Shernee Tan Tambut Party-list
Lakas Joey Salceda Albay–2nd
Lakas Geraldine Roman Bataan–1st
Lakas Marlyn Alonte-Naguiat Biñan at-large
Lakas Mohamad Khalid Dimaporo Lanao del Norte–1st
Lakas Carmelo Lazatin II Pampanga–1st
Lakas Aurelio Gonzales Jr. Pampanga–3rd
Lakas Christopher de Venecia Pangasinan–4th
Lakas Francisco Jose Matugas II Surigao del Norte–1st
Lakas Manuel Jose Dalipe Zamboanga City–2nd
Lakas Glona Labadlabad Zamboanga del Norte–2nd
Lakas Divina Grace Yu Zamboanga del Sur–1st
Liberal Edcel Lagman Albay–1st
Liberal Gabriel Bordado Camarines Sur–3rd
Liberal Emmanuel Billones Capiz–1st
Liberal Jocelyn Sy-Limkaichong Negros Oriental–1st
Manila TeachersVirgilio Lacson Party-list
Nacionalista Marquez Go Baguio at-large
Nacionalista Lianda Bolilia Batangas–4th
Nacionalista Mario Vittorio Mariño Batangas–5th
Nacionalista Raul Tupas Iloilo–5th
Nacionalista Allen Jesse Mangaoang Kalinga at-large
Nacionalista Ace Barbers Surigao del Norte–2nd
NPC Carlito Marquez Aklan–1st
NPC Greg Gasataya Bacolod at-large
NPC Maria Theresa Collantes Batangas–3rd
NPC Peter John Calderon Cebu–7th
NPC Luis Campos Jr. Makati–2nd
NPC Edward Maceda Manila–4th
NPC Lord Allan Velasco Marinduque at-large
NPC Chiquiting Sagarbarria Negros Oriental–2nd
NPC Michael John Duavit Rizal–1st
NUP Lorna Silverio Bulacan–3rd
NUP Luis Raymund Villafuerte Camarines Sur–2nd
NUP Juliet Ferrer Negros Occidental–4th district
NUP Horacio Suansing Jr. Sultan Kudarat–2nd
NUP Johnny Pimentel Surigao del Sur–2nd
PFP Rosanna Vergara Nueva Ecija–3rd
PFP Florida Robes San Jose del Monte at-large
PDP Ruwel Peter Gonzaga Davao de Oro–2nd
PDP Eric Martinez Valenzuela–2nd
Reporma Pantaleon Alvarez Davao del Norte–1st

Marginal seats

Elections in congressional districts

These are the marginal seats that had a winning margin of 5% or less in the 2022 elections, in ascending order via margin:

District2022 winner2022 margin
Laguna's 4th Jam Agarao 0.07%
Zamboanga del Norte's 1st Pinpin Uy 0.33%
Zamboanga Sibugay's 2nd Antonieta Eudela0.82%
Quezon City's 4th Marvin Rillo1.18%
Manila's 5th Irwin Tieng1.98%
Negros Oriental's 3rd Arnolfo Teves Jr. [lower-alpha 1] 2.03%
Batangas's 2nd Gerville Luistro2.18%
Bulacan's 6th Salvador Pleyto2.26%
Tawi-Tawi's lone Dimszar Sali2.87%
Quezon City's 3rd Franz Pumaren 3.27%
Calamba's lone Cha Hernandez 3.38%
Camarines Norte's 1st Josefina Tallado3.38%
Agusan del Norte's 1st Lawrence Fortun 3,91%
Iligan's lone Celso Regencia3.54%
Sorsogon's 2nd Manuel Fortes Jr.3.94%
Misamis Oriental's 2nd Yevgeny Emano 4.02%
Cebu's 2nd Edsel Galeos 4.33%
Cavite's 1st Jolo Revilla 4.62%
Pangasinan's 2nd Mark Cojuangco 4.98%

Party-list election

The following party-lists won less than 2% of the vote in 2022, and only won one seat each because all of party-list seats have not been filled up by the parties that did win at least 2% of the vote. These are sorted by number of votes in descending order.

Notes

  1. ↑ Expelled on August 16, 2023. [21]
  2. ↑ Prevented from assuming seat on June 29, 2022 through a temporary restraining order issued by the Supreme Court.

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References

  1. 1 2 Gomez, Jim (May 13, 2022). "Allies of Marcos Jr. set to dominate Philippine Congress". AP News. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  2. ↑ Palatino, Mong (May 23, 2022). "Political Dynasties Dominate Philippines Election — Again". The Diplomat. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  3. ↑ Gregorio, Xave. "Marcos cousin Martin Romualdez is new House speaker". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  4. ↑ Cupin, Bea (August 4, 2022). "Who's who: House leaders of the 19th Congress – and their roles". RAPPLER. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  5. ↑ Cepeda, Mara (July 29, 2022). "Marcos tightens grip on Congress with 'supermajority' blocs in Senate and House". RAPPLER. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  6. ↑ Porcalla, Delon. "Marcos son elected senior deputy majority leader". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  7. 1 2 Villanueva, Rhodina (June 22, 2024). "18,271 posts up for grabs in 2025 polls". Philstar.com. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024. There are also 63 available seats for party-list representatives and 254 for congressional district representatives.
  8. ↑ "IPU PARLINE database: PHILIPPINES (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan), Electoral system". archive.ipu.org. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  9. ↑ Delizo, Michael Joe (May 21, 2019). "EXPLAINER: The math behind the party-list system". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  10. ↑ "The party-list system in the Philippines: Is it better or worse for democracy?". Asia Dialogue. July 4, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  11. ↑ Tiongson-Mayrina, Karen; Barrientos-Vallarta, Brenda. "Is 'piecemeal' redistricting a questionable process?". GMA News Online. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  12. 1 2 "House Members". House of Representatives of the Philippines . Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  13. ↑ "Duterte approves splitting Maguindanao into 2 provinces". RAPPLER. May 27, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  14. ↑ Jaymalin, Mayen; Ramirez, Robertzon (September 19, 2022). "Maguindanao now split into 2 provinces". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  15. ↑ "PRRD inks law creating lone district of Butuan". Philippine News Agency. May 4, 2022. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
  16. ↑ "Eleksyon sa 3rd district ng So.Cot, tuloy sa 2025". Brigada (in Filipino). May 28, 2024. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
  17. ↑ Panti, Llanesca T. (June 28, 2024). "Comelec: Makati's 2nd district intact despite losing 10 EMBO barangays". GMA News Online. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  18. ↑ "Comelec: 10 Taguig barangays can't vote for House representative in 2025 elections". Philstar.com. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  19. ↑ Leon, Dwight de (September 27, 2024). "Comelec allows EMBO residents in Taguig to vote for congressman in 2025". RAPPLER. Retrieved September 27, 2024.
  20. ↑ Cabato, Luisa (June 25, 2024). "Comelec: Embo barangay residents can vote in 2025 polls". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  21. ↑ "In historic first, House expels congressman Arnie Teves". Rappler. August 16, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2023.