Davao del Sur

Davao del Sur
Province
Province of Davao del Sur
(from top: left to right) Mount Apo summit, Davao City, Mount Apo, Davao Gulf, Rice field in Magsaysay and Port of Davao.
Flag Seal
Etymology: Davao del Sur (i.e., "Southern Davao")
Location in the Philippines
OpenStreetMap
Coordinates: 6°20′N125°30′E / 6.33°N 125.5°E / 6.33; 125.5
Country	Philippines
Island Group	Mindanao
Region	Davao Region
Founded	May 8, 1967
Capital	Digos
Largest city	Davao City
Government
•  Governor	Yvonne Roña-Cagas (NP)
•  Vice Governor	Riafe Cagas-Fernandez (NP)
•  Representative	John Tracy F. Cagas (NP)
Area [1]
• Total	2,163.98 km2 (835.52 sq mi)
• Rank	56th out of 81
	(excluding Davao City)
Highest elevation (Mount Apo)	2,954 m (9,692 ft)
Population  (2020 census) [2]
• Total	680,481
• Rank	44th out of 81
• Density	310/km2 (810/sq mi)
• Rank	27th out of 81
	(excluding Davao City)
Demonym	Southern Davaoeño
Divisions
•  Independent cities	1 Davao City (Highly urbanized city)
•  Component cities	1 Digos
•  Municipalities	9 Bansalan Hagonoy Kiblawan Magsaysay Malalag Matanao Padada Santa Cruz Sulop
•  Barangays	232 including independent cities: 414
•  Districts	Legislative districts of Davao del Sur Legislative districts of Davao City
Time zone	UTC+8 (PHT)
ZIP code	8000–8010
IDD  :  area code	+63 (0)82
ISO 3166 code	PH-DAS
Spoken languages	Ata Manobo Cebuano Giangan Kalagan Matigsalug Obo Tagabawa Tagalog/Filipino English
Income classification	1st class
Website	davaodelsur.gov.ph

Davao del Sur (Cebuano : Habagatang Dabaw; Filipino : Katimugang Davao), officially the Province of Davao del Sur (Cebuano : Lalawigan sa Habagatang Dabaw, Lalawigan sa Davao del Sur; Filipino : Lalawigan ng Katimugang Davao, Lalawigan ng Davao del Sur), is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital is Digos. Davao City is the largest city in terms of area and population within the province's jurisdiction, yet it is administratively independent from the province; as such, Davao City is only grouped for geographical and statistical purposes.

The province is bounded by Davao del Norte to the north, Davao Occidental to the south-east, North Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat to the west, South Cotabato and Sarangani to the south-west, and Davao Gulf to the east.

History

Maguindanao era

A Maguindanaon Datu under the name Datu Bago was rewarded the territory of the surroundings of Davao Gulf by the Sultan of Maguindanao Sultanate for joining the campaign against the Spanish in the late 1700s. From his ancestral home in Maguindanao, he moved to the area in 1800 and, having convinced Bagobos and other native groups in the area to his side, conquered the entire Davao Gulf area. ^[3] Having consolidated his position, he founded the fortress of Pinagurasan in what is now the site of Bangkerohan Public Market in 1830 which served as his capital. ^[4] From being a fortification and base of operations from which Datu Bago could gather and rally his forces, the settlement of Pinagurasan eventually grew into a small city extending from present-day Generoso Bridge in Bangkerohan to Quezon Boulevard more than a kilometer down south, ^{[3] : 172–176} as Maguindanaons and Bagobos alike among other nearby tribes in the area flocked into the settlement, eventually becoming the main trade entrepot in the Davao Gulf area. ^[5] With his immense overlordship of Davao Gulf, Datu Bago was eventually crowned Sultan by his subjects at his capital Pinagurasan in 1843, effectively making his realm virtually independent from the Sultanate of Maguindanao and is now itself a Sultanate that lords over Davao Gulf, now in equal standing with the Mindanaon Muslim kingdoms of Maguindanao and Sulu. ^[4]

Spanish colonial era

Beginnings of both Davao Region and Davao del Sur were associated with the foundation of Davao, which was the first town to be founded in southern Mindanao in 1848, following the conquest of the area by José Uyanguren of the Basque province of Gipuzkoa, Spain (Guipúzcoa in Spanish). In 1849, Nueva Guipúzcoa province was founded in the region conquered by Uyanguren in what is now Davao Region, with Davao, then called Nueva Vergara, as the provincial capital. Uyanguren became the provincial governor, but he failed in his efforts to develop Nueva Guipúzcoa.

Thirty-six years after the foundation of Davao, the town of Santa Cruz was founded on October 5, 1884. It is the first town to be founded south of Davao and is now the oldest in the province.

American invasion era

The Spanish administration in the Philippines ended in 1898 following the defeat of the Spaniards during the Spanish–American War. In the early 1900s, waves of immigrants from the Visayas, Luzon, and as well as from Japan began to live in the region, centered mainly in Davao. The region began to boom in economic growth as agricultural business proliferated in the region.

As part of the "food bowl" of what is now the province of Davao del Sur, otherwise known as the Padada Valley, the agricultural area south of the town of Santa Cruz, which is known as Digos that time, lured many migrants, majority of whom came from the Visayas and Ilocos regions to settle permanently in the area. Before World War II, an enterprising American by the name of N.E. Crumb leased 10.24 square kilometres (3.95 sq mi) and transformed the place into an abaca plantation. This became the hub of economic activity in the locality during those days.

Japanese occupation era

In 1942, during the start of the World War II in the Pacific, the first waves of invading Japanese units landed and entered the province of southern Davao.^{[ further explanation needed ]}

In 1945, the liberation of southern Davao by United States and Philippine Commonwealth troops was supported by Davaoeño guerrilla fighters.

Philippine independence

In 1967, Davao Province was divided into three provinces, one of them being Davao del Sur; the town of Digos was made its capital and would become a suburban city for the next 33 years.

Contemporary

On October 28, 2013, along with the Barangay Elections, a plebiscite was held to create a new province Davao Occidental, formed out of the southern part of Davao del Sur, covering the municipalities of the 2nd district of the province, namely Don Marcelino, Jose Abad Santos, Santa Maria, Sarangani and Malita (which was designated as the provincial capital) by virtue of Republic Act 10360 enacted on July 23, 2013, and the majority of votes cast were "Yes", ratifying the province. ^[6]

In 2015, the National Competitiveness Council, ranked the province as the most competitive province in the country.

Geography

Davao del Sur covers a total area of 2,163.98 square kilometres (835.52 sq mi) ^[7] occupying the southwestern section of the Davao Region in Mindanao. When Davao City is included for geographical purposes, the province's land area is 4,607.59 square kilometres (1,779.00 sq mi). ^[7] The province is bounded by Davao del Norte to the north; Davao Occidental to the south-east; North Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat to the west; South Cotabato and Sarangani to the south-west; and Davao Gulf to the east.

The province is composed of sandy beaches and outlying islands, agricultural plains and valleys, rainforests, swamps, rolling hills and mountains, including the Philippines' highest peak, Mount Apo, which is at 2,954 metres (9,692 ft) above sea level.

Administrative divisions

Davao del Sur comprises 9 municipalities and 1 component city, all encompassed by a lone legislative district. Davao City, although part of the province for geographical and statistical purposes, is governed independently from the province.

Political divisions

† Provincial capital and component city  Municipality  ‡ Highly urbanized city (geographically within but independent from the province) City or municipality Population ±% p.a. Area [7] Density Barangay Coordinates [A] (2020) [2] (2015) [8] km2 sq mi /km2 /sq mi Bansalan 9.2% 62,737 60,440 +0.71% 157.75 60.91 400 1,000 25 6°47′11″N125°12′46″E / 6.7863°N 125.2128°E / 6.7863; 125.2128 (Bansalan) Davao City ‡ — 1,776,949 1,632,991 +1.62% 2,443.61 943.48 730 1,900 182 7°03′50″N125°36′30″E / 7.0639°N 125.6083°E / 7.0639; 125.6083 (Davao City) Digos City † 27.7% 188,376 169,393 +2.04% 287.10 110.85 660 1,700 26 6°44′39″N125°21′23″E / 6.7443°N 125.3565°E / 6.7443; 125.3565 (Digos) Hagonoy 8.4% 56,919 53,309 +1.26% 114.28 44.12 500 1,300 21 6°41′19″N125°17′52″E / 6.6885°N 125.2978°E / 6.6885; 125.2978 (Hagonoy) Kiblawan 7.3% 49,381 48,897 +0.19% 390.07 150.61 130 340 30 6°37′11″N125°15′07″E / 6.6197°N 125.2519°E / 6.6197; 125.2519 (Kiblawan) Magsaysay 8.3% 56,263 53,876 +0.83% 268.09 103.51 210 540 22 6°45′21″N125°09′00″E / 6.7559°N 125.1499°E / 6.7559; 125.1499 (Magsaysay) Malalag 5.9% 40,158 38,731 +0.69% 186.12 71.86 220 570 15 6°35′55″N125°24′00″E / 6.5986°N 125.4000°E / 6.5986; 125.4000 (Malalag) Matanao 8.9% 60,493 56,755 +1.22% 202.40 78.15 300 780 33 6°42′31″N125°12′59″E / 6.7086°N 125.2164°E / 6.7086; 125.2164 (Matanao) Padada 4.4% 29,878 26,587 +2.25% 83.00 32.05 360 930 17 6°38′23″N125°20′37″E / 6.6397°N 125.3437°E / 6.6397; 125.3437 (Padada) Santa Cruz 14.9% 101,125 90,987 +2.03% 319.91 123.52 320 830 18 6°50′02″N125°24′55″E / 6.8340°N 125.4154°E / 6.8340; 125.4154 (Santa Cruz) Sulop 5.2% 35,151 33,613 +0.86% 155.26 59.95 230 600 25 6°35′56″N125°20′48″E / 6.5990°N 125.3468°E / 6.5990; 125.3468 (Sulop) Total [B] 680,481 632,588 +1.40% 2,163.98 835.52 310 800 232 (see GeoGroup box) ^ Coordinates mark the city/town center, and are sortable by latitude. ^ Total figures exclude the highly urbanized city of Davao.

Climate

The province enjoys a mild, pleasant climate all year round. Because of its topographical characteristics and geographical location, it is rarely visited by typhoons. There is no pronounced wet or dry season. The coolest months are from November to February with an average temperature of 25 °C (77 °F). during the peak summer months from March to May, temperatures average 28 °C (82 °F) but may rise as high as 32 °C (90 °F).

Climate data for Davao del Sur, Philippines
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	42 (108)	38 (101)	39 (102)	38 (100)	37 (99)	43 (109)	38 (101)	39 (102)	39 (103)	38 (100)	34 (93)	38 (100)	43 (109)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	30 (86)	31 (87)	31 (88)	32 (90)	32 (89)	31 (87)	31 (87)	31 (88)	31 (88)	31 (88)	31 (88)	31 (87)	31 (88)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	23 (74)	23 (74)	24 (75)	24 (76)	24 (76)	24 (76)	24 (75)	24 (75)	24 (75)	24 (75)	24 (75)	24 (75)	24 (75)
Record low °C (°F)	19 (66)	20 (68)	20 (68)	21 (70)	22 (72)	22 (72)	22 (71)	21 (70)	21 (70)	22 (71)	22 (72)	21 (69)	19 (66)
Source: Weatherbase [9]

Demographics

Population census of Davao del Sur

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1903	21,378	—
1918	7,618	−6.65%
1939	33,808	+7.35%
1948	54,772	+5.51%
1960	223,125	+12.42%
1970	293,018	+2.76%
1975	323,981	+2.03%
1980	361,858	+2.24%
1990	423,369	+1.58%
1995	457,244	+1.45%
2000	504,289	+2.12%
2007	549,836	+1.20%
2010	574,910	+1.64%
2015	632,588	+1.84%
2020	680,481	+1.45%
(excluding Davao City; data prior to 2000 excludes municipalities under Davao Occidental that were part of the province until 2013) Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [8] [10] [10]

The population of Davao del Sur in the 2020 census was 680,481 people, with a density of 310 inhabitants per square kilometre or 800 inhabitants per square mile. ^[2] When Davao City is included for geographical purposes, the province's population is 2,265,579 people, with a density of 492/km² (1,274/sq mi).

Davao del Sur is an ethnic mix of Visayans (mostly Cebuanos), Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans with a number of indigenous ethnic groups scattered across the province. The Cebuano language, with Davaoeño as its regional variant, is the main language of the province, although Filipino and English are also widely spoken and used in government functions and publications. Since the late 20th century, a linguistic phenomenon has developed in the Metro Davao area whereby locals have either shifted to the 'national language' (Filipino) or significantly mix Filipino terms and grammar into their Cebuano speech.

Religion

Christianity in the form of Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion in the province followed by more than 80% of the people. The remaining faiths are Islam and other Christians such as Aglipayan, Baptists, Iglesia ni Cristo, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Seventh-day Adventist, other Evangelical Christians and Jehovah's Witnesses.

Indigenous groups

Moro peoples

The major Moro ethnic group is the Kagan tribe, an Islamized group related to the Tagacaolos, Mandaya, Mansaka, and Kalagan, since Davao del Sur was once part of Sultanate of Maguindanao. Some Moro tribes that can be found in Davao del Sur are Maguindanaon, Maranao, Tausug and Iranun.

Lumad peoples

Main article: Lumad peoples

A Lumad woman from Davao. Lumad peoples form the most largest indigenous ethnicity in the province.

The Bagobo people live in an area that extends from Davao del Sur and South Cotabato to the foot of Mount Apo and Davao City all the way to the land bordered by the Davao and Pulangi rivers and up to northern Cotabato and southeast Bukidnon. Numbering about 80,000, their traditional costume is woven from abaca fiber and heavily ornamented with beads, shells, metal discs, embroidery and brightly colored geometric applique. Though Bagobos have the most stunning costumes among the Davao ethnic groups, they wear them only on special occasions. Like the Mandayas and Mansakas, they shave their eyebrows to a thin line and file and blacken their teeth. Bagobo smiths cast little bells which are attached to pouches, bracelets, jackets, anklets and inlaid metal boxes.

The Tagacaolo people number about 23,000 and occupy the area between the western shores of the gulf and the slopes of Mount Apo. This is one of the tribes which resisted Muslim conversion and maintained a highland animistic culture.

The Kalagan people are part Islamized and part Chistianized and related to the Tagacaolos. Numbering only about 7,000, they live along the shores of Davao Gulf.

The Mangguangan people now number only 3,000. They can be found in Davao del Sur and Davao del Norte.

In both groups, women generally wear handwoven abaca tube skirts, embroidered blue cotton tops and heavy jewellery. Men sport wide blue or white fringed and embroidered trousers and a loose shirt. Red is a color only for a headman ("bagani") and for women of high status.

Aeta people

Main article: Aeta people

Aeta people live in some areas of Davao City all the way to Davao del Norte, Compostela Valley and Bukidnon. They are related to the Manobos of Cotabato and include sub-groups such as the Talaingod of the Kapalong forests in Davao del Norte and the Matigsalug. Numbering about 222,000, Ata men wear long-sleeved shirts, carry spears, hunt, log and grow crops. Their womenfolk wear native blouses, "malong" skirts and accessories of brass bracelets and bead necklaces. Mandaya and Mansaka are culturally related groups who are highly musical - playing the five string bamboo guitar, two-string lute, violin, flute, gong, drum and bamboo Jew's harp. They are also excellent silversmiths crafting breastplates, jewellery, daggers and knives. The Mandayas are famous for their colorful abaca fiber weaves embroidered with tribal motifs.

Art and culture

The colorful artistic heritage of Davao stems from the rich culture of its tribes. For the Bagobos, aesthetics is the meticulous carving of weapons; the elaborate decoration of inlaid metal boxes with bells; and the ornamentation of their abaca fiber dress with embroidery, shells, beads and metal discs. The Mandayas, on the other hand, have a solid tradition in weaving. To produce their famed coarse textured cloth, abaca fiber is colored with earth dyes and woven on a backstrap loom.

The final product is embroidered with bright-colored threads in geometric patterns. Some elements of tribal folklore are also included in the designs. The Mansakas, together with the Mandayas, are also expert silversmiths. They craft weapons, breastplates and dress accessories. Much of its people are Christians. Davao is also a harmonious blend of Christian and Muslim cultures. However, its most stunning cultural aspect is definitely its ethnic art which encompasses music, dance, religious ritual, dress and ornamentation.

Government

• Governor, Yvonne Roña Cagas
• Vice Governor, Ai-ai Cagas-Fernandez
• Representative, Lone District of Davao del Sur, John Tracy Cagas

See also

• Nueva Guipuzcoa Revolt

References

1. "Province: Davao del Sur". PSGC Interactive. Makati, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Archived from the original on October 15, 2007. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
2. Census of Population (2020). "Region XI (Davao Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved July 8, 2021.
3. Tiu, Macario (2005). Davao, Reconstructing History from Text to Memory. Ateneo de Davao. ISBN   9710392050.
4. "Datu Mama Bago: villain or hero?". Mindanao Times. March 16, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
5. Gaspar, Karl M. (2015). Davao in the Pre-conquest Era and the Age of Colonization. Lethei Printing and Publishing House. pp. 26–27. ISBN   978-6219538411.
6. Cayon, Carina L. (October 30, 2013). "DavSur voters approve of Davao Occidental". Philippine Information Agency. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
7. "Province: Davao del Sur". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved January 8, 2016.
8. Census of Population (2015). "Region XI (Davao Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved June 20, 2016.
9. "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Davao del Sur, Philippines". Weatherbase. 2011. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
10. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region XI (Davao Region)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office . Retrieved June 29, 2016.
11. "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
12. "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
13. "2009 Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. February 8, 2011.
14. "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
15. "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
16. "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
17. "Updated Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2015 and 2018". Philippine Statistics Authority. June 4, 2020.

External links

• Media related to Davao del Sur at Wikimedia Commons
• Geographic data related to Davao del Sur at OpenStreetMap
• Davao City Travel and Tourism Guide