Lanao del Sur

Last updated

Lanao del Sur
Province
Province of Lanao del Sur
Marawi City Skyline.jpg
Coolest spring Balabagan pic-1.jpg
Marawi lake.jpg
(from top: left to right) Marawi City, Balabagan spring, Islamic center in Marawi, Park at Marawi and Lake Lanao.
PH-LAS Flag.png
Flag
PH seal lanao del sur.svg
Seal
Lanao del Sur in Philippines.svg
Location in the Philippines
OpenStreetMap
Lanao del Sur
Coordinates: 8°00′N124°17′E / 8°N 124.28°E / 8; 124.28
CountryFlag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines
Region Flag of Bangsamoro.svg  Bangsamoro
Founded 1959
Capital
and largest city		 Marawi
Government
 •  Governor Mamintal Alonto Adiong Jr.
 •  Vice Governor Mohammad Khalid R. Adiong (Lakas–CMD)
 •  Legislature Lanao del Sur Provincial Board
Area
[1]
 • Total3,872.89 km2 (1,495.33 sq mi)
 • Rank33rd out of 81
Highest elevation
(Mount Ragang)
2,815 m (9,236 ft)
Population
 (2020 census) [2]
 • Total1,195,518
 • Rank24th out of 81
 • Density310/km2 (800/sq mi)
  • Rank32nd out of 81
Divisions
 •  Independent cities 0
 •  Component cities
1
 •  Municipalities
39
 •  Barangays 1,159
 •  Districts Legislative districts of Lanao del Sur
Time zone UTC+8 (PHT)
ZIP code
9300–9321, 9700–9716
IDD  :  area code  +63 (0)63
ISO 3166 code PH-LAS
Spoken languages
Income classification1st class

Lanao del Sur (Tagalog : Timog Lanao; Maranao and Iranun : Pagabagatan Ranao), officially the Province of Lanao del Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The capital is the city of Marawi, and it borders Lanao del Norte to the north, Bukidnon to the east, and Maguindanao del Norte and Cotabato to the south. To the southwest lies Illana Bay, an arm of the Moro Gulf.

Contents

Situated in the interior of Lanao del Sur is Lanao Lake, the largest in Mindanao.

Etymology

"Lanao" means "lake", derived from ranao. The province, situated at basin of Lake Lanao, is known as the land of the "Maranaos" (which means "the "people of the lake"). [3]

History

Early history

Prior to the arrival of Islam, the region already had a sophisticated culture, as embodied in various Maranao epics, chants, and recorded history. The people of Lanao used to adhere to Hinduism, polytheist animism, and Buddhism. During this era, various cultural icons developed, such as the torogan, the singkil dance, the darangen epic, the unique Maranao gong and metal craft culture, the sarimanok, the okir motif, and an indigenous suyat script. [4] [5]

Spanish colonization era

Lanao was first explored by the Spaniards in 1689, upon which they discovered a well-settled community named Dansalan at the lake's northern end. Lanao was the seat of the Sultanate of Lanao. [3]

During the Pre-Spanish time, there were 4 important boundaries which held the power of appointing a new sultan namely: Bakayawan, Dalama, Madamba and Sawer. In appointing a new sultan the permission of these four boundaries are needed to validate the new sultan appointed to his position.

Japanese occupation era

In 1942, it was occupied by the Japanese Imperial Forces who landed in Southern Lanao. On May 2, 1942, the former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines José Abad Santos was killed by the Japanese Imperial forces in a firing squad at Malabang, Lanao del Sur. In 1945, the first of the liberation forces landed in Southern Lanao and liberated the area with United States, Philippine Commonwealth troops together with the Maranao guerrilla units.[ further explanation needed ] They used infantry weapons, the Maranao Kris, Barong and Kampilan swords against the Japanese forces in the Battle of Lanao.

Philippine independence

In 1956, Republic Act No. 1552 changed the name Dansalan to Marawi, taken from the word rawi, referring to the reclining lilies abundant in the Agus River. [6]

Lanao province map in 1918 Lanao 1918.JPG
Lanao province map in 1918

Division

In 1959, Lanao was divided into two provinces, Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur, under Republic Act No. 2228. Marawi was designated as the capital of Lanao del Sur. [7] The city was renamed the "Islamic City of Marawi" in 1980, and is currently the Philippines' only city having a predominantly Muslim population. [3]

Proposed Maranaw province

In 1971, Republic Act No. 6406, which sought to create a new province out of eastern Lanao del Sur (now corresponding to the province's first congressional district), was approved on October 4, 1971. The province was to consist of the municipalities of Bubong, Ditsaan-Ramain (including what is now Buadiposo-Buntong), Kapai, Lumba-Bayabao (including what is now Maguing), Marantao, Masiu, Mulondo, Saguiaran, Piagapo, Poona Bayabao, Tamparan, Taraka and Wao (including what is now Bumbaran), with the chartered city of Marawi serving as the new provincial capital. [8] The division never took place due to the declaration of Martial law in the Philippines on September 21, 1972, which disrupted the elections for 1973.

Inclusion to the ARMM

In a 1989 plebiscite, Lanao del Sur voted to join the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), but the city of Marawi voted to remain outside the ARMM. [3] It later joined ARMM in 2001 following the plebiscite that sought to expand the autonomous region.

Contemporary

The Battle of Marawi began and ended in 2017. The battle was against ISIL-affiliated militants, a number of which were Malaysian citizens. The battle destroyed most of the cityscape of Marawi and killed hundreds of civilians and Filipino soldiers.

A petition was released in support for the usage of the torogan as inspiration for the rehabilation of Marawi after the Battle of Marawi. The petition was released in opposition to the possible Manila Rehabilation Effect that the government plans to impose. The Manila-style rehabilation would establish shanty shouses and buildings without Maranao architectural styles, thus destroying Marawi's Maranao cultural skyline. The petition advocates a Warsaw-style Rehabilation Effect, where the culture and styles of a particular area is used as foundation for rehabilitation of built heritage and landscape. Among the local architectural styles that may be used under the Warsaw-style are the okir, sarimanok, and inspirations from the torogan. The Warsaw-style is also foreseen to boost tourism in the city in the long-run due to the cultural aesthetics it would bring.[ citation needed ]

Governors after People Power Revolution

Geography

Satellite view of Lanao Lake, situated entirely within the province Lake Lanao zoom.jpg
Satellite view of Lanao Lake, situated entirely within the province

Lanao del Sur is bounded on the north by Lanao del Norte, on the east by Bukidnon, on the west by Illana Bay, and on the south by Maguindanao and Cotabato. The landscape is dominated by rolling hills and valleys, placid lakes and rivers.

Located within the province is Lanao Lake, the second largest in the country, its waters drained by the Agus River which eventually empties into Iligan Bay. [3]

The climate in the province is characterized by even distribution of rainfall throughout the year, without a distinct summer season. The province is located outside the typhoon belt. [3]

Administrative divisions

Lanao del Sur comprises 39 municipalities and 1 city.

Political divisions Ph fil lanao del sur.png
Political divisions
  •  † Provincial capital and component city
  •  Municipality

Demographics

Population census of Lanao del Sur
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 13,811—    
1918 65,531+10.94%
1939 144,010+3.82%
1948 212,312+4.41%
1960 378,327+4.93%
1970 455,508+1.87%
1975 499,882+1.88%
1980 404,971−4.12%
1990 599,637+4.00%
1995 686,193+2.56%
2000 800,162+3.35%
2007 1,138,544+4.98%
2010 933,260−6.98%
2015 1,045,429+2.19%
2020 1,195,518+2.67%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [10] [11] [12]

The population of Lanao del Sur in the 2020 census was 1,195,518 people, [2] with a density of 310 inhabitants per square kilometre or 800 inhabitants per square mile.

The majority of people in the province are Maranaos, [3] while some are Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Bicolanos, Hiligaynons, Kapampangans, Tagalogs, Maguindanaons, Iranuns, Higaonons, Zamboangueños, Tausugs, Yakans, and Sama.

Maranao is the most commonly spoken language in the province. [3] Iranun is the native language of most of the inhabitants of the municipality of Kapatagan. Also spoken are Maguindanao, Cebuano, and Chavacano followed by Tagalog and English. Minority languages such as Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Higaonon are also spoken

Religion

Most of the people of Lanao del Sur are practitioners of Islam. [3] The majority of them are Sunni. The number of Muslims in this province is 872,678 or 94.00% of the total population of the province of Lanao Del Sur. [13]

Economy

Poverty Incidence of Lanao del Sur
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [14] [15]
[16] [17] [18] [19] [20]

Schools/universities

UNESCO Designations in Lanao del Sur

UNESCO has inscribed one Maranao element, the Darangen Chants of the Maranao People of Lake Lanao, in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008. The element was earlier inscribed in the UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity Representative List in 2005. The organization has also designated the Old Town of Tugaya as a UNESCO Home for Culture and Heritage. UNESCO has recommended for the nomination of Tugaya and all of Lanao del Sur's traditional crafts heritage in Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, following reports made in 2014 and 2015. The Philippine ambassador to UNESCO and France noted that it will be better to inscribe Maranao's traditional crafts in the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding as they have been endangered due to the 2017 Battle of Marawi. The nomination is being finalized by the Philippine government, as announced in 2018. The torogans of Lanao are also recommended by UNESCO to be nominated in the World Heritage List once proper documentation and restoration has been completed. Two torogans have been bought by a controversial heritage resort company, Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar, and were transported to Bataan, sparking a provincial campaign to get back the two royal houses to their ancestral homeland. [21]

Hospitals

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marawi</span> Capital of Lanao del Sur, Philippines

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The Maranao people, also spelled Meranao, Maranaw, and Mëranaw, is a predominantly Muslim Filipino ethnic group native to the region around Lanao Lake in the island of Mindanao. They are known for their artwork, weaving, wood, plastic and metal crafts and epic literature, the Darangen. They are ethnically and culturally closely related to the Iranun, and Maguindanaon, all three groups being denoted as speaking Danao languages and giving name to the island of Mindanao. They are grouped with other Moro people due to their shared religion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tugaya</span> Municipality in Lanao del Sur, Philippines

Tugaya, officially the Municipality of Tugaya, is a 5th class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 24,778 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ganassi, Lanao del Sur</span> Municipality in Lanao del Sur, Philippines

Ganassi, officially the Municipality of Ganassi, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 30,802 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Binidayan</span> Municipality in Lanao del Sur, Philippines

Binidayan, officially the Municipality of Binidayan, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 25,965 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buadiposo-Buntong</span> Municipality in Lanao del Sur, Philippines

Buadiposo-Buntong, officially the Municipality of Buadiposo-Buntong, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 18,046 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madalum</span> Municipality in Lanao del Sur, Philippines

Madalum, officially the Municipality of Madalum, is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 26,478 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malabang</span> Municipality in Lanao del Sur, Philippines

Malabang, officially the Municipality of Malabang, is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 49,088 people. The town is one of the two former capitals of the Sultanate of Maguindanao from 1515 until the Spanish conquered the land in 1888.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marantao</span> Municipality in Lanao del Sur, Philippines

Marantao, officially the Municipality of Marantao, is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 37,763 people.

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Masiu, officially the Municipality of Masiu, is a 5th class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 33,580 people.

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Datu Mamintal "Bombit" Alonto Adiong Jr. is a Filipino politician who currently serve as the governor of the province of Lanao del Sur from 2007 to 2016, and from 2019 up to present.

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Ansaruddin Abdul Malik Alonto Adiong is a Filipino politician serving as mayor of Ditsaan-Ramain, Lanao del Sur since 2022. Previously, he was the representative of Lanao del Sur's 1st district (2013–2022). He was elected vice governor of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) in 2005. After Governor Zaldy Ampatuan's removal from office in 2009, Adiong became the acting governor until 2011.

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References

  1. ↑ Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Department of Agriculture: Lanao del Sur Archived January 19, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (There are major discrepancies among authoritative sources: 4121.3 km² (NAMRIA); 1,349,437 ha (NSCB, this value seems unreasonable and must be assumed as erroneous, see Talk:Lanao del Sur#Area))
  2. 1 2 3 Census of Population (2020). Table B - Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City, and Municipality - By Region. Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Lancion, Conrado M. Jr. (1995). "The Provinces; Lanao del Sur". Fast Facts about Philippine Provinces. cartography by de Guzman, Rey (The 2000 Millennium ed.). Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines: Tahanan Books. pp. 94–95. ISBN   971-630-037-9 . Retrieved December 25, 2015.
  4. ↑ "National Commission for Culture and the Arts".
  5. ↑ "The Traditional Dance of Lanao del Sur, on the Spotlight in Teleserye Wildflower – Choose Philippines. Find. Discover. Share". July 8, 2021.
  6. ↑ "Republic Act No. 1552 - An Act to Amend the Charter of the City of Dansalan So as to Change Its Name to Marawi and Make Elective Its Mayor, Vice Mayor and Councilors, and for Other Purposes". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
  7. ↑ "Republic Act No. 2228 - An Act to Create the Provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
  8. ↑ "Republic Act No. 6406 - An Act Dividing the Province of Lanao del Sur into the Province of Maranaw and Lanao del Sur". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
  9. 1 2 "Province: Lanao del Sur". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  10. 1 2 Census of Population (2015). Highlights of the Philippine Population 2015 Census of Population. Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  11. ↑ Census of Population and Housing (2010). Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities (PDF). National Statistics Office . Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  12. ↑ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "ARMM – Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office . Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  13. ↑ Michael Bueza (July 17, 2015). "MAP: Islam in the Philippines". www.rappler.com. Retrieved July 10, 2022.
  14. ↑ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  15. ↑ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
  16. ↑ "2009 Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. February 8, 2011.
  17. ↑ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
  18. ↑ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
  19. ↑ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
  20. ↑ "Updated Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2015 and 2018". Philippine Statistics Authority. June 4, 2020.
  21. ↑ "Art installations inaugurate art space at controversial Acuzar 'heritage resort' in Bataan". May 26, 2013.
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