Lanao del Sur, officially the Province of Lanao del Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The capital is the city of Marawi, and it borders Lanao del Norte to the north, Bukidnon to the east, and Maguindanao del Norte and Cotabato to the south. To the southwest lies Illana Bay, an arm of the Moro Gulf.
The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao was an autonomous region of the Philippines, located in the Mindanao island group of the Philippines, that consisted of five predominantly Muslim provinces: Basilan, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi. It was the only region that had its own government. The region's de facto seat of government was Cotabato City, although this self-governing city was outside its jurisdiction.
The Maranao people, also spelled Meranaw, Maranaw, and Mëranaw, is a predominantly Muslim Filipino ethnic group native to the region around Lanao Lake in the island of Mindanao. They are known for their artwork, weaving, wood, plastic and metal crafts and epic literature, the Darangen. They are ethnically and culturally closely related to the Iranun people and Maguindanao people, all three groups being denoted speaking Danao languages and giving name to the island of Mindanao. They are grouped with other Moro people due to their shared religion.
Balindong, officially the Municipality of Balindong, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 32,573 people.
Butig, officially the Municipality of Butig, is a 6th class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 22,768 people.
Masiu, officially the Municipality of Masiu, is a 5th class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 33,580 people.
Mulondo, officially the Municipality of Mulondo, is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 19,932 people.
Tagoloan, officially the Municipality of Tagoloan and also known as Tagoloan II, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 12,602 people.
The Moro people or Bangsamoro people are the 13 Muslim-majority ethnolinguistic Austronesian groups of Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan, native to the region known as the Bangsamoro. As Muslim-majority ethnic groups, they form the largest non-Christian population in the Philippines, and according the 2020 census conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority, they comprise about 6.4% of the country's total population, or 6.9 million people. However, the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos (NCMF) estimates that the population is closer to about 11% of the country's total population, or 10.7 million people, attributing the difference to a number of factors.
The Iranun are an Austronesian ethnic group native to southwestern Mindanao, Philippines. They are ethnically and culturally closely related to the Maranao, and Maguindanaon, all three groups being denoted as speaking Danao languages and giving name to the island of Mindanao. The Iranun were traditionally sailors and were renowned for their ship-building skills. Iranun communities can also be found in Malaysia and Philippines.
The Maguindanaon people are an Austronesian ethnic group from the Philippines. The Maguindanaon are part of wider political identity of Muslims known as Moro, who constitute the third largest ethnic group of Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan. The Maguindanaons constitute the ninth largest Filipino ethnic group and are known for being distinguished in the realm of visual art. They have been renowned as metalworkers, producing the wavy-bladed keris ceremonial swords and other weapons, as well as gongs. The Maguindanaons historically had an independent sultanate known as the Sultanate of Maguindanao which comprises modern day Maguindanao del Norte, Maguindanao del Sur, Zamboanga Peninsula, Davao Region and Soccsksargen. The name "Maguindanao/Magindanaw" itself was corrupted by Spanish sources into "Mindanao", which became the name for the entire island of Mindanao.
The Sultanate of Maguindanao was a Sunni Muslim sultanate that ruled parts of the island of Mindanao, in the southern Philippines, especially in modern-day Maguindanao provinces, Soccsksargen, Zamboanga Peninsula and Davao Region.
The legislative districts of Lanao del Sur are the representations of the province of Lanao del Sur in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its first and second congressional districts.
Shariff Muhammed Kabungsuwan was the first Sultan of Maguindanao in the Philippines. A native of Johore in Maritime Southeast Asia, Kabungsuwan re-settled in Mindanao in the Philippines where he preached Islam to the native tribes around the region.
Sultan Muliloda Macarangcat Datumulok Dimaporo was a noted politician and scion of many principalities in the Province of Lanao del Sur, in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) in the Philippines.
The Tausug Moros lived in the Sulu archipelago, which was traditionally ruled by the Sulu Sultanate. The Maguindanaon Moros lived on Mindanao, which was traditionally ruled by the Maguindanao Sultanate. The Maranao Moros lived around Lake Lanao, which was traditionally ruled by the Confederation of Sultanates in Lanao. They were invaded by the Americans during the Moro Rebellion and annexed into the Philippines. Among the anti-Japanese resistance the Tausug leader was Sulu Sultan Jainal Abirin II and the Chinese-Maguindanaon leader Datu Gumbay Pia. A few of the Maranao leaders were Datu Busran Kalaw, Salipada Pendatun, Sultan Alonto, and Sultan Dimaporo. Salipada Pendatun's brother-in-law, Major Datu Udtug, also fought against the Japanese, and in Cotabato, the focal area of the anti-Japanese resistance was Papalungan.
Malay spoken by a minority of Filipinos, particularly in the Palawan, Sulu Archipelago and parts of Mindanao, mostly in the form of trade and creole languages, such as Sabah Malay.
The polity of Sanmalan is a precolonial Philippine state centered on what is now Zamboanga. Labeled in Chinese annals as "Sanmalan" 三麻蘭. The Chinese recorded a year 1011 tribute from its Rajah or King, Chulan, who was represented at the imperial court by his emissary Ali Bakti. Rajah Chulan who may be like their Hindu neighbors, the Rajahnates of Cebu and Butuan, be Hindu kingdoms ruled by Rajahs from India. Sanmalan specifically being ruled by a Tamil from the Chola Dynasty, as Chulan is the local Malay pronunciation of the Chola surname. The Chulan ruler of Sanmalan, may be associated with the Cholan conquest of Srivijaya. This theory is corroborated by linguistics and genetics as Zamboanga is, according to anthropologist Alfred Kemp Pallasen the linguistic homeland of the Sama-Bajau people, and genetic studies also show that they have Indian admixture, specifically the tribe of the Sama-Dilaut. The capital, located in modern-day Zamboanga city, may have been Jambangan, which is part of the ancestral land of the indigenous Subanon people, who were the majority in the Zamboanga peninsula at the time.
Sāndǎo (Chinese: 三嶋; pinyin: Sāndǎo; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sam-tó; lit. 'Three Islands'), also known as Sanyu (Chinese: 三嶼; pinyin: Sānyǔ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sam-sū; lit. 'Three Islets') and Sanshu (Japanese: 三洲（さんしゅう）, romanized: Sanshu; Chinese: 三洲; pinyin: Sānzhōu; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sam-chiu; lit. 'Three Islets'), were a collection of a prehispanic Philippine polities recorded in Chinese annals as a nation occupying the islands of Chinese: 加麻延; pinyin: Jiāmáyán; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ka-mâ-iân (present-day Calamian), Chinese: 巴姥酉; pinyin: Bālǎoyǒu; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pa-ló-iú (present-day Palawan), and Chinese: 蒲裏喚; pinyin: Púlǐhuàn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pô͘-lí-hoàn (possibly Pulilan, near present-day Manila). In the Chinese Gazetteer the Zhūfān zhì 諸蕃志 (1225), they were described as tributary states of the more powerful nation of Ma-i (Chinese: 麻逸; pinyin: Máyì; Wade–Giles: Ma2-i4; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Mâ-i̍t) centered in nearby Mindoro.
Pulilu was a prehispanic barangay centered at present-day Polillo, Quezon and was mentioned in the Chinese Gazeteer Zhu Fan Zhi 諸蕃志 (1225). It is described as politically connected to the polity of Sandao "三嶋" in the Calamianes which itself was of lesser rank to the larger country of Ma-i "麻逸" centered in Mindoro. Its people were recorded to be warlike, and prone to pillaging and conflict. In this area, the sea is full of coral reefs, which have wavy surfaces that resemble decaying tree trunks or razor blades. Ships going by the reefs must be ready to make sharp maneuvers to avoid them because they are sharper than swords and halberds. Red coral and blue langgan coral are also produced here, however they are quite difficult to find. It is also similar to Sandao in local customs and trade products. The chief export of this small polity are rare corals.
