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In the Philippines, provinces are one of its primary political and administrative divisions. There are 82 provinces at present, which are further subdivided into component cities and municipalities. The local government units in the National Capital Region, as well as independent cities, are independent of any provincial government. Each province is governed by an elected legislature called the Sangguniang Panlalawigan and an elected governor.
The resident commissioner of the Philippines was a non-voting member of the United States House of Representatives sent by the Philippines from 1907 until its internationally recognized independence in 1946. It was similar to current non-voting members of Congress such as the resident commissioner of Puerto Rico and delegates from Washington, D.C., Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and other territories of the United States.
The governor-general of the Philippines was the title of the government executive during the colonial period of the Philippines, governed by Mexico City and Madrid (1565–1898) and the United States (1898–1946), and briefly by Great Britain (1762–1764) and Japan (1942–1945). They were also the representative of the executive of the ruling power.
The history of the Philippines from 1898 to 1946 is known as the American colonial period, and began with the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in April 1898, when the Philippines was still a colony of the Spanish East Indies, and concluded when the United States formally recognized the independence of the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946.
The Jones Law was an Organic Act passed by the United States Congress. The law replaced the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and acted as a constitution of the Philippines from its enactment until 1934, when the Tydings–McDuffie Act was passed. The Jones Law created the first fully elected Philippine legislature.
The Philippine Commission was the name of two bodies, both appointed by the president of the United States, to assist with governing the Philippines.
The legislative district of Agusan was the representation of the historical province of Agusan in the various national legislatures of the Philippines until 1969. Butuan also remained part of the province's representation even after becoming a chartered city in 1950.
The legislative district of Zamboanga was the representation of the historical province of Zamboanga in the various national legislatures of the Philippines until 1953. The undivided province's representation encompassed the present-day provinces of Basilan, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga Sibugay, and the highly urbanized city of Zamboanga.
The legislative districts of Sulu are the representations of the province of Sulu in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its first and second congressional districts.
The legislative districts of Nueva Ecija are the representations of the province of Nueva Ecija in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its first, second, third, and fourth congressional districts.
The Department of Mindanao and Sulu was an agency of the United States colonial administration in the Philippine Islands task to administer all Muslim-dominated areas in the territory. It was established on July 23, 1914, pursuant to Act No. 2408, replacing the Moro Province after the latter was divided into the then districts/provinces of Zamboanga, Lanao, Cotabato, Davao, and Sulu. It was later split into provinces/regions organized under the Department of Mindanao and Sulu, along with the former provinces of Agusan, and current province of Bukidnon.
The Taft Commission, also known as the Second Philippine Commission, was established by United States President William McKinley on March 16, 1900, following the recommendations of the First Philippine Commission, using presidential war powers while the U.S. was engaged in the Philippine–American War.
The Philippine Organic Act that was enacted by the United States Congress on July 1, 1902 was the basic law for the Insular Government. It is also known as the Philippine Bill of 1902 and the Cooper Act, after its author Henry A. Cooper.
The Insular Government of the Philippine Islands was an unincorporated territory of the United States that was established in 1902 and was reorganized in 1935 in preparation for later independence. The Insular Government was preceded by the United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands and was followed by the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
Amburayan was an administrative division of the Philippines, existing as a politico-military comandancia from 1890 to 1902, and a sub-province from 1902 to 1920. Its territory encompassed most of the Amburayan River watershed, initially predominantly inhabited by the Kankanaey.
Surigao was a province of the Philippines. Originally a Spanish-era district, became a chartered province on May 15, 1901. The province was dissolved on 1960.
Nueva Vizcaya's at-large congressional district, also known as Nueva Vizcaya's lone district, is the sole congressional district of the Philippines in the province of Nueva Vizcaya for various national legislatures since 1898. The province first elected its representative provincewide at-large for the Malolos Congress of the First Philippine Republic. In 1907, when the Philippine Assembly was established, the province had no representation as it was then classified as a special province under the supervision of the Department of the Interior Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes. Since 1916 when it was re-established as a specially organized province separate from its former Comandancia de Quiañgan which became the Ifugao sub-province under Jones Law, Nueva Vizcaya has been entitled to one member in the House of Representatives. It remains as a single-member district, except for a brief period between 1943 and 1944 when a second seat was allocated in the National Assembly of the Second Philippine Republic.
Philippines's 12th senatorial district, officially the Twelfth Senatorial District of the Philippine Islands, was one of the twelve senatorial districts of the Philippines in existence between 1916 and 1935. Unlike the first eleven districts which elected two members each to the Senate of the Philippines, the upper chamber of the bicameral Philippine Legislature under the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, the two senators from this district were appointed by the Governor-General of the Philippines to serve indefinite terms in the 4th to 10th legislatures. The district was created under the 1916 Jones Law to represent the non-Christian tribes of the northern Luzon provinces of Mountain Province and Nueva Vizcaya, the city of Baguio, and the Moro people and other non-Christian tribes of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu provinces of Agusan, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Lanao, Sulu and Zamboanga.
Zamboanga's at-large congressional district may refer to several occasions when a provincewide at-large district was used for elections to the various Philippine national legislatures from the undivided province of Zamboanga.
Ilocos Sur's 3rd congressional district was one of the three congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Ilocos Sur in existence between 1907 and 1919. It was created in 1907 from former territories of the province under Philippine Commission Act No. 1582 following the passage of the 1902 Philippine Organic Act. The district was originally composed of the municipalities of Bangued, Bucay, Dolores, La Paz, Pilar, San Quintin and Santa, most of which were located in Abra, a sub-province of Ilocos Sur since 1905. It was a single-member district throughout the three legislatures of the Philippine Assembly from 1907 to 1916 and the first legislature of the House of Representatives from 1916 to 1919.
References
- ↑ "Commonwealth Act No. 75".
- ↑ United States Philippine Commission (2 October 1901). "Act No. 253 — An Creating a Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes for the Philippine Islands" . Retrieved 31 May 2023.
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