Largest | Mw 8.3 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake |
---|---|
Deadliest | Mw 8.0 1976 Moro Gulf earthquake 5,000–8,000 killed |
The Philippines lies along the Pacific Ring of Fire, which causes the country to have frequent seismic and volcanic activity. Many earthquakes of smaller magnitude occur very regularly due to the meeting of major tectonic plates in the region. The largest was the 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake with Mw 8.3.
Date | Time‡ | Place | Magnitude | Intensity | Casualties | Notes | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1601 January 16 | 16:00 | Manila | Several | Earthquake duration lasted about 7 minutes. Aftershocks experienced the whole year. | [1] [2] | ||
1645 November 30 | 20:00 | Luzon | 7.5 | X | 600 dead, 3,000 injured | Dubbed as the "most terrible earthquake" in the annals of the Philippines. Greatly damaged ten newly-constructed cathedrals in Manila, residential villas and buildings in the city and nearby provinces. Provinces in the north reported several alteration of the ground, disappearances of small villages, changes in the river course, sand eruptions, etc. Small tsunamis were reported in southern Luzon. | [2] |
1645 December 5 | 23:00 | Luzon | VIII | Major aftershock of the November 30, 1645 Luzon earthquake that further destroyed remaining buildings in Manila and nearby towns. Aftershocks ceased around March 1646. | [1] [2] | ||
1665 June 19 | Manila | VIII | 19 | Only the Jesuit Church experienced great damage. | [2] | ||
1743 January 12 | 08:00 | Luzon: Tayabas, Laguna | X | 5 deaths | [1] [2] | ||
1787 July 13 | 07:00 | Panay: Iloilo, Antique, Buenavista | X | Many | 15 deaths in one building | [1] [2] | |
1840 March 22 | Sorsogon, Masbate Island, Casiguran, Albay | 6.5 | IX | 17 | 200 injured | [1] [2] | |
1852 September 16 | 18:45 | Luzon: Batnam, Rizal, Pampangan, Manila | IX | 3 | [1] [2] | ||
1863 June 3 | 19:20 | Manila, Balangan, Rizal | X | 400 | 1863 Manila earthquake | [1] [2] | |
1879 July 1 | 00:50 | NW Mindanao, Surigao | X | 1879 Surigao earthquake | [1] [2] | ||
1880 July 14–24 [3] | 04:40 | Luzon | X | Caused severe damage to these major cities in Luzon: Manila (Buildings collapsed) | [1] [2] | ||
1892 March 16 | 20:58 | Luzon: Abra, Pangasinan, La Union | X | 2 | [1] [2] | ||
1897 September 21 | 13:15 | NW Mindanao, Dapitan | 8.7 | IX | 13–100+ (second event) | 1897 Mindanao earthquakes A pair of large earthquakes off Mindanao | [1] [2] |
Date | Time‡ | Place | Magnitude | Intensity | Casualties | Notes | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1907 April 18 | 05:00 | SE Luzon, Camarines | 7.6 | IX | 2 dead | [1] | |
1911 July 12 | Mindanao: Talacogon, Davao, Butuan | 7.8 | X | Caused seiches in lakes and the Agusan River. Many homes damaged in Talacogon and Butuan | [1] | ||
1918 August 15 | 20:18 | Cotabato | 8.3 | X | 46 dead | 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake | [1] |
1924 April 15 | 00:20 | E. Mindanao | 8.3 | IX | [1] | ||
1925 May 5 | 18:07 | W. Liuzon | 6.8 | IX | 17 dead | [1] | |
1928 December 19 | 19:37 | Cotabato | 7.3 | VII | 93 dead | [1] | |
1937 August 20 | Luzon | 7.5 | VIII | 1 dead, 200 injured | [1] | ||
1948 January 25 | 01:46 | Panay, Iloilo City, Antique | 7.8 | X | 72 dead | 1948 Lady Caycay earthquake | [1] |
1954 July 2 | 10:45 | Sorsogon, Bacon, Legaspi | 6.8 | IX | 13 dead, 101 injured | [1] | |
1955 April 1 | 02:17 | Lanao, Ozamiz, Cotabato | 7.6 | VIII | 400 dead | 1955 Lanao earthquake | [1] [4] |
1968 August 2 | 04:19 | Luzon, Manila | 7.3 | IX | 270 dead, 261 injured | 1968 Casiguran earthquake | [1] [5] |
1970 April 7 | 13:34 | Luzon | 7.3 | VI | 15 dead, 200 injured | [1] | |
1973 March 17 | 16:30 | Ragay Gulf | 7.5 | IX | 15 dead, ~100 injured | 1973 Ragay Gulf earthquake | [5] [6] |
1976 August 17 | 00:11 | Moro Gulf | 8.0 | VIII | 8,000 dead, 10,000 injured | 1976 Moro Gulf earthquake | [1] [5] |
1983 August 17 | 20:17 | Luzon | 6.5 | VIII | 16 dead, 47 injured | 1983 Luzon earthquake | [1] [5] |
1985 April 24 | Luzon: Benguet, Baguio | 6.1 | VII | 6 dead, 11 injured | [1] | ||
1988 June 19 | 04:19 | Mindoro: San Jose, Calapan | 6.2 | VII | 2 dead, 2 injured | 1988 Mindoro earthquake | [1] [7] |
1990 February 8 | 15:15 | Bohol | 6.8 | VII | 6 dead, >200 injured | 1990 Bohol Sea earthquake | [8] |
1990 June 14 | 15:41 | Panay | 7.1 | VIII | 8 dead, 41 injured | 1990 Panay earthquake | [5] |
1990 July 16 | 16:26 | Luzon | 7.8 | IX | 2,412 dead, 3,000 injured | 1990 Luzon earthquake | [1] [5] |
1994 November 14 | 03:15 | Mindoro | 7.1 | VII | 81 dead, 225 injured | 1994 Mindoro earthquake | [1] [5] |
1999 December 12 | 02:03 | Zambales | 7.3 | VIII | 6 dead, 40 injured | 1999 Luzon earthquake | [1] [9] |
Date | Time‡ | Place | Magnitude | Intensity | Casualties | Notes | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2001 January 1 | 14:57 | Mindanao | 7.5 | VII | [1] | ||
2002 March 6 | 05:16 | Mindanao | 7.5 | IX | 15 dead, 100+ injured | 2002 Mindanao earthquake | [1] |
2003 November 19 | 01:14 | Samar | 6.5 | VII | 1 dead, 21 injured | [1] | |
2010 July 24 | Mindanao | 7.3, 7.6, 7.5 | III | 2010 Mindanao earthquakes triplet earthquake, deep focus events | [10] | ||
2012 February 6 | 11:49 | Negros | 6.7 | VII | 113 dead, 112 injured | 2012 Negros earthquake | [11] |
2012 August 31 | 20:47 | Samar | 7.6 | VII | 1 dead, 1 injured | 2012 Samar earthquake | [12] |
2013 October 15 | 08:12 | Bohol | 7.2 | IX | 222 dead, 976 injured | 2013 Bohol earthquake | [13] |
2017 February 10 | 22:03 | Surigao | 6.5 | VIII | 8 dead, 200 injured | 2017 Surigao earthquake | [14] |
2017 July 6 | 16:03 | Leyte | 6.5 | VIII | 4 dead, 100+ injured | 2017 Leyte earthquake | [15] |
2019 April 22 | 17:11 | Luzon | 6.1 | VII | 18 dead, 256 injured | 2019 Luzon earthquake | [16] |
2019 April 23 | 13:37 | Eastern Samar | 6.5 | VI | 48 injured | 2019 Eastern Samar earthquake | [17] |
2019 July 9 | 20:36 | Cotabato | 5.6 | VI | 1 dead, 73 injured | July 2019 Cotabato earthquake | [18] |
2019 July 27 | 07:37 | Batanes | 6.0 | VI | 9 dead, 60 injured | 2019 Batanes earthquake | [19] |
2019 October 16 | 19:37 | Cotabato | 6.4 | VIII | 7 dead, 215 injured | 2019 Cotabato earthquakes | [20] [21] |
2019 October 29 | 09:04 | Cotabato | 6.6 | VIII | 24 dead, 563 injured | ||
2019 October 31 | 09:11 | Cotabato | 6.5 | VIII | |||
2019 December 15 | 14:11 | Davao del Sur | 6.8 | VII | 13 dead, 210 injured | 2019 Davao del Sur earthquake | [22] |
2020 August 18 | 08:03 | Masbate | 6.6 | VIII | 2 dead, 170 injured | 2020 Masbate earthquake | [23] |
2021 August 12 | 01:46 | Davao Oriental | 7.1 | VII | 1 dead | 2021 Davao Oriental earthquake | [24] |
2022 July 27 | 08:43 | Luzon | 7.0 | VIII | 11 dead, 615 injured | 2022 Luzon earthquake | [25] |
2023 November 17 | 16:14 | Mindanao | 6.7 | VIII | 11 dead, 730 injured | November 2023 Mindanao earthquake | [26] |
2023 December 2 | 22:37 | Mindanao | 7.6 | VII | 3 dead, 79 injured | December 2023 Mindanao earthquake | [27] |
Ten deadliest recorded earthquakes in the Philippines since the 1600s | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Magnitude | Location | Date | Deaths | Missing | Injured | Damage | Source | ||
1 | 8.0 | Moro Gulf | August 16, 1976 | 4,791 | 2,288 | 9,928 | |||
2 | 7.8 | Luzon Island | July 16, 1990 | 1,621 | 1,000 | >3,000 | ₱ 10 billion | ||
3 | Unknown | Manila | June 3, 1863 | 1,000 | [2] | ||||
4 | 7.5 | Luzon Island | November 30, 1645 | >600 | >3,000 | Unknown | |||
5 | 8.1 | Mati, Davao Oriental | April 14, 1924 | ~500 | [28] [29] | ||||
6 | 7.4 | Lanao del Sur | April 1, 1955 | >400 | Unknown | US$5 million | [30] | ||
7 | 7.6 | Casiguran, Aurora | August 2, 1968 | 271 | 261 | ||||
8 | 7.2 | Bohol and Cebu | October 15, 2013 | 222 | 8 | 796 | ₱ 4 billion (est.) | [31] | |
9 | 6.7 | Negros Oriental | February 6, 2012 | 113 | 112 | ₱ 383 million | |||
10 | 7.1 | Mindoro | November 15, 1994 | 78 | 430 | ₱ 5.15 million | [32] |
In seismology, an earthquake swarm is a sequence of seismic events occurring in a local area within a relatively short period. The time span used to define a swarm varies, but may be days, months, or years. Such an energy release is different from the situation when a major earthquake is followed by a series of aftershocks: in earthquake swarms, no single earthquake in the sequence is obviously the main shock. In particular, a cluster of aftershocks occurring after a mainshock is not a swarm.
The 1976 Moro Gulf earthquake and tsunami occurred on August 17, 1976, at 00:11 local time near the islands of Mindanao and Sulu, in the Philippines. It measured 8.0 on the moment magnitude scale occurring at a depth of 20 km (12 mi). The earthquake was accompanied by a destructive tsunami that resulted in a majority of the estimated 5,000 to 8,000 fatalities. It was the deadliest and strongest earthquake in the Philippines in 58 years since the 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake.
The 2012 Negros earthquake occurred on February 6 at 11:49 PST, with a body wave magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum intensity of VII (Destructive) off the coast of Negros Oriental, Philippines. The epicenter of the thrust fault earthquake was approximately 72 kilometres (45 mi) north of Negros Oriental's provincial capital, Dumaguete.
The 2013 Bohol earthquake occurred on October 15 at 8:12:31 PST in Bohol, an island province located in Central Visayas, Philippines. The magnitude of the earthquake was recorded at Mw 7.2, with epicenter 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) S 24° W of Sagbayan, and its depth of focus was 12 kilometres (7.5 mi). It affected the whole Central Visayas region, particularly Bohol and Cebu. The earthquake was felt in the whole Visayas area and as far as Masbate island in the north and Cotabato provinces in southern Mindanao.
The 2017 Surigao earthquake occurred on February 10, 2017, at 10:03 PM (PST), with a surface wave magnitude of 6.7 off the coast of Surigao del Norte in the Philippines. According to the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale the earthquake was an Intensity VII (Destructive) earthquake at maximum. In the past Surigao province has been hit by a magnitude 7.2 tremor in both 1879 and 1893.
On July 6, 2017, a 6.5 magnitude earthquake hit Leyte, causing at least 4 deaths and 100 injuries. The quake also caused power interruptions in the whole of Eastern Visayas and nearby Bohol.
On April 22, 2019, a 6.1 magnitude earthquake struck the island of Luzon in the Philippines, leaving at least 18 dead, three missing and injuring at least 256 others. Despite the fact that the epicenter was in Zambales, most of the damage to infrastructure occurred in the neighboring province of Pampanga, which suffered damage to 29 buildings and structures.
The 2019 Eastern Samar Earthquake struck the islands of Visayas in the Philippines on April 23, 2019 at 1:37:51 PM(PHT).It had a moment magnitude of 6.5(Mww6.4 by USGS) and a local magnitude of 6.2 with a max intensity of VI based on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale(PEIS). The epicenter was in San Julian, Eastern Samar and the hypocenter was at a depth of 64 km(~39.76 mi). As of April 30, 2019 there were 172 aftershocks ranging from magnitudes of 1.6 to 4.6. The earthquake injured 48 people and damaged about 245 homes.
On December 12, 1999, a Mw7.3 earthquake struck the northern coast of Zambales in the Philippines. It was felt in various provinces on the island of Luzon including as far north as Ilocos Norte and as far south as Quezon. This is the second earthquake with a magnitude of 7 to hit the area in 10 years with a Mw7.7 earthquake having occurred in 1990 which killed more than 2,000 people.
The 2019 Batanes earthquake was a magnitude 6.0 earthquake which struck Batanes, Philippines on July 27, 2019. It was preceded by a 5.4 magnitude foreshock. Nine people were killed by the combined effects of the earthquakes.
The 2019 Cotabato earthquakes were an earthquake swarm which struck the province of Cotabato on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines in October 2019. Three of these earthquakes were above 6.0 on the moment magnitude scale with a Mercalli intensity of VIII. More than 40 people have been reported dead or missing and nearly 800 were injured as a result of these events.
At 14:11 PST on December 15, 2019, the province of Davao del Sur on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines was struck by an earthquake measuring 6.8 Mww. It had a maximum perceived intensity of VII on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. At least 13 people were killed and another 210 injured.
The 1990 Bohol earthquake occurred on February 8, 1990 at 15:15:32 which had a magnitude of 6.8 Mw . The earthquake had a moderate depth of 25.9 km (16 mi). Most of the damage was observed in the province of Bohol. A tsunami hit the southeastern coastline of Bohol and the island of Camiguin. There were 6 deaths, over 200 injuries and an estimated ₱157 million in total damage reported.
On 9 July 2019, at 8:36 PM (PST), an earthquake measuring Mw 5.6 jolted the province of North Cotabato, Davao del Sur, and other nearby provinces. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council reported one dead and three injured in Makilala after the earthquake, and a total of 164 families affected in Cotabato Province. Near the epicenter of the earthquake, the severity of strong ground motion was assigned VI (Strong) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. A total of 106 schools, 119 houses, and 14 other infrastructures were damaged by the earthquake.
On February 7, 2021, at 12:22 PM PST, an earthquake measuring Mww 6.0 struck Davao del Sur and Cotabato. The event registered a Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI) of VIII (Severe) with VII on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS).
On August 12, 2021, at 01:46:12 PST, a strong Mw 7.1 earthquake struck the island of Mindanao at a depth of 55.1 kilometers (34.2 mi). It had a maximum perceived Intensity V on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale. No damage or injuries were reported but a young man was killed by the earthquake.
The Ruby Tower was a six-story building in Manila, Philippines, completed c. 1965 that collapsed on August 2, 1968, during the Casiguran earthquake killing over 250 people.
On July 27, 2022, at 8:43:24 a.m. (PHT), an earthquake struck the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.0 Mw , with an epicenter in Abra province. Eleven people were reported dead and 615 were injured. At least 35,798 homes, schools and other buildings were damaged or destroyed, resulting in ₱1.88 billion (US$34 million) worth of damage.
At 16:14 PST on November 17, 2023, the province of Sarangani on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines was struck by an earthquake measuring 6.7 Mww. It had a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. At least eleven people were killed and another 730 were treated for injuries.
On December 2, 2023, at 22:37 PST, a magnitude 7.4-7.6 earthquake occurred off the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. The shallow subduction earthquake killed at least three people and left 79 injured.