List of earthquakes in Thailand

Last updated

This is a list of earthquakes in Thailand:

Earthquakes

Date (UTC)Location Mag. MMI DeathsInjuriesComments
460--XII"Many"-Occurred on a Saturday night. An entire village was submerged and formed a lake. [1]
564--VIII--Four pagodas collapsed. [1]
1568 Chiang Mai -VII--An 86-meter-high pagoda was damaged. [1]
1575 Chiang Saen -VII--Temples and pagodas in four districts were destroyed. [1]
1839-03-23 Myanmar 8.0+V--Felt in Bangkok. [1] MMI XI in Myanmar. More than 400 fatalities.
1922-05-02 Shan (Myanmar)6.7---Ms 
1935-05-13 Sainyabuli (Laos)6.3---Ms 
1975-02-17 Tak (Myanmar border)6.0V–VI-"Several"Mw . [2] Some damage and some people injured in Bangkok. [3]
1978-05-25Chiang Mai4.8V--mb . [4] Some damage in Phrao.
1983-04-22 Kanchanaburi 5.8V–VII--Mw . Some damage in Bangkok, Kanchanaburi, and Nakhon Phanom. Reservoir induced earthquake. [3]
1988-11-06 Yunnan (Myanmar–China border)7.6 & 7.2V–VI--Ms . Some damage in Chiang Rai. Felt by people in tall buildings in Bangkok. [3] More than 700 killed in China. Two mainshocks separated by 13 minutes; MMI IX and X respectively.
1989-09-30Shan (Myanmar–Thailand border)5.8VI--Mw . Some damage in Chiang Mai. [3]
2006-12-12Chiang Mai4.6IV--mb . [5] Five buildings damaged.
2007-05-16 Bokeo (Laos)6.3VIII--Mw . [6] Some buildings in Chiang Rai and Chiang Saen sustained minor damage.
2011-03-24 Shan (Myanmar)6.8VI1-Mw . [7] One person in Mae Sai killed. MMI IX in Myanmar. At least 74 fatalities in total.
2014-05-05 Chiang Rai6.1VIII123Mw . [8] An elderly person died of a heart attack and 23 people were injured. Damage to buildings and roads.
2019-02-20 Lampang 4.6VI--Mw . [9] Damage to at least 15 buildings, including a pagoda.
2019-11-20 Sainyabuli (Laos)6.2VII--Mw . [10] Damage to some buildings and two people injured in Laos. Several buildings damaged in Bo Kluea and Chaloem Phra Kiat.
Note: Only damaging, injurious, or deadly events should be recorded.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lists of earthquakes</span>

Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. They range from events too weak to be detectable except by sensitive instrumentation, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history. Below, earthquakes are listed by period, region or country, year, magnitude, cost, fatalities and number of scientific studies.

The 2011 Tarlay earthquake occurred on 24 March in Shan State, Myanmar. The earthquake measured Mw 6.8 and had an epicenter northwest of the border between Myanmar, Thailand and Laos. It occurred in a region accommodating tectonic deformation brought by the collision between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. Strike-slip faulting along the Nan Ma Fault was identified as the cause. There were between 75 and 151 fatalities; including one death in Thailand. An additional 212 people were injured. Hundreds of buildings and some transport infrastructure were damaged in Myanmar and Thailand. In the aftermath of the disaster, the Burmese government provided aid and relief supplies to the affected region. Neighbouring countries China, India and Thailand provided monetary assistance. Several international humanitarian organizations also supported in the relief and recovery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sagaing Fault</span> Seismic fault in Myanmar

The Sagaing Fault is a major fault in Myanmar, a mainly continental right-lateral transform fault between the Indian Plate and Sunda Plate. It links the divergent boundary in the Andaman Sea with the zone of active continental collision along the Himalayan front. It passes through the populated cities of Mandalay, Yamethin, Pyinmana, the capital Naypyidaw, Toungoo and Pegu before dropping off into the Gulf of Martaban, running for a total length of over 1200 kilometers.

The 1912 Maymyo earthquake or Burma earthquake struck Burma on the morning of May 23, with an epicentre near Taunggyi and Pyin Oo Lwin in Shan State. The earthquake was initially calculated at 8.0 on the surface wave magnitude scale (Ms ) by Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter, and described by them as being one of the most remarkable seismic events in the early 1900s. Recent re-evaluation of the earthquake, however, have revised the magnitude to 7.6–7.9. It was preceded by two foreshocks on May 18 and 21 with respective intensities V and VII on the Rossi–Forel scale, while the mainshock was assigned IX. Shaking was felt throughout most of Burma, parts of Siam and Yunnan; an area covering approximately 375,000 square miles. It was one of the largest earthquakes in the country.

The 1930 Bago (Pegu) earthquake, also known as the Swa earthquake struck Myanmar on 5 May. The moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4 earthquake had a focal depth of 35 km (22 mi) and maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX. The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami was generated along the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging; additional earthquakes occurred in July and December, killing dozens. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault.

The 1988 Lancang–Gengma earthquakes, also known as the 11.6 earthquakes by the Chinese media were a pair of devastating seismic events that struck Lancang and Gengma counties, Yunnan, near the border with Shan State, Burma. The earthquake measured moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.0 and was followed 13 minutes later by a 6.9 Mw  shock. These earthquakes were assigned a maximum China seismic intensity of IX and X, respectively. Between 748 and 939 people were killed; more than 7,700 were injured. Both earthquakes resulted in US$270 million in damage and economic losses. Moderately large aftershocks continued to rock the region, causing additional casualties and damage.

The 1995 Menglian earthquake or 1995 Myanmar–China earthquake occurred on 12 July at 05:46:43 local time in the Myanmar–China border region. The earthquake had an epicenter on the Myanmar side of the border, located in the mountainous region of Shan State. It registered 7.3 on the Chinese surface wave magnitude scale (Ms ) and 6.8 on the moment magnitude scale (Mw ). With a maximum Mercalli intensity assigned at VIII, the quake killed eleven people and left another 136 injured. Over 100,000 homes in both countries were destroyed and 42,000 seriously damaged. Some damage to structures were also reported in Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai, Thailand. The low death toll from this earthquake was attributed to an early warning issued prior to it happening. Precursor events including foreshocks and some seismic anomalies led to an evacuation of the area before the mainshock struck. It is thought to be one of the few successfully predicted earthquakes in history.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Nutalaya & Sodsri 1983, p. 18–138.
  2. ↑ "M 5.9 - 87 km NNE of Hpa-An, Myanmar". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey . Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Lukkunaprasit 1989, p. 3.
  4. ↑ "M 4.8 - 54 km N of Chiang Mai, Thailand". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey . Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  5. ↑ "M 4.6 - 14 km NNW of Chiang Mai, Thailand". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey . Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  6. ↑ "M 6.3 - 40 km NE of Ban Houakhoua, Laos". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey . Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  7. ↑ "M 6.9 - 27 km NNW of Tachilek, Myanmar". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey . Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  8. ↑ "M 6.1 - 32 km SSW of Chiang Rai, Thailand". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey . Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  9. ↑ "M 4.6 - 26 km SW of Mae Chai, Thailand". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey . Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  10. ↑ "M 6.2 - 43 km WNW of Sainyabuli, Laos". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey . Retrieved 3 March 2022.

Sources

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