2002 Mindanao earthquake

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2002 Mindanao earthquake
2002 Mindanao earthquake shakemap.jpg
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Cotabato Trench
UTC  time2002-03-05 21:16:09
ISC  event 2904823
USGS-ANSS ComCat
Local dateMarch 6, 2002 (2002-03-06)
Local time05:16 PST
Magnitude7.5 Mw
Depth31 km
Epicenter 6°01′59″N124°14′56″E / 6.033°N 124.249°E / 6.033; 124.249
Areas affected Philippines
Max. intensity
TsunamiYes
AftershocksAt least 359 (14 felt) (as of March 15, 2002) [1]
Casualties15 dead, 100+ injured

The 2002 Mindanao earthquake struck the Philippines at 05:16 Philippine Standard Time on March 6 (21:16 Coordinated Universal Time on March 5). The world's sixth most powerful earthquake of the year, it registered a magnitude of 7.5 and was a megathrust earthquake. It originated near the Cotabato Trench, a zone of deformation situated between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Sunda Plate, and occurred very near to the Philippines' strongest earthquake for the 20th century, the 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake.

Contents

The entire country is characterized by a high level of volcanic and seismic activity. The earthquake was responsible for 15 deaths and roughly 100 injuries. Up to 800 buildings were damaged as a result, many from a flood generated by landslides and falling debris. Like the 1918 event, a tsunami soon followed.

Geology

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2002
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The 2002 event (7.5 Mw) occurred near the two largest 20th century Philippine earthquakes: the 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake (8.3 Mw) and the 1976 Moro Gulf earthquake (8.0 Mw).

The epicenter of the earthquake was located near the Cotobato Trench; the magnitude of this megathrust earthquake was 7.5, the sixth strongest of the year. [2] It occurred in a zone of geologic deformation along the Sunda and Philippine Sea Plates, which converge at a rate of 6 centimeters (2 in) each year. [3] The Philippines sits on several microplates between two convergent plates, the Philippine Plate and the Eurasian Plate. Tectonic activity in the country includes both earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Because of subduction of the Eurasian Plate to the west, volcanic activity occurs along the Manila Trench and the Sulu Trench, often of powerful caliber. 13 percent of recorded eruptions in the Philippines have been deadly, as the country is responsible for the world's most deaths in volcanic eruptions. [4] Seismicity as well has been powerful: in the last 50 years, more than half of the country's major earthquakes have reached magnitude 7.0 or greater. The earliest known major shock was in 1976, killing some 8,000 people. The Mindanao event was the fourth of seven major events since 1975. [5]

Damage and casualties

Killing 15 and injuring roughly 100, the earthquake damaged as many as 800 buildings throughout the southern and central parts of Mindanao. It spawned landslides in South Cotabato which flowed through the crater lake on Mount Parker, creating a widespread flood which swept homes and affected at least nine districts of the province and killed three people. [6] At least two other people in the town of Lake Sebu were also killed when their house collapsed. Two persons were killed by collapsed buildings in Maitum, and one person each from Tacurong City and Davao City died of cardiac arrests. [6] The landslide and subsequent flooding also created local tsunamis reaching a maximum height of 3 meters (10 ft) at Kiamba, Maitum and Palimbang. [7] The earthquake was powerful enough to knock over concrete walls and fences. [8] The earthquake was responsible for the destruction of a major road. [9] In the town of Tupi, at least two churches were damaged. At least 100 workers in a tuna cannery in General Santos were injured due to a stampede triggered by the quake. The city, as well as Davao and Zamboanga suffered power outages. [10]

See also

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On February 7, 2021, at 12:22 PM PST, an earthquake measuring Mw  6.0 struck Davao del Sur and Cotabato. The event registered a Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI) of VIII (Severe) with VII on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS).

On August 12, 2021, at 01:46:12 PST, a strong Mw  7.1 earthquake struck the island of Mindanao at a depth of 56.7 kilometers (35.2 mi). It perceived Intensity V on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale. No damage or injuries were reported but a young man was killed by the earthquake.

The 1955 Lanao earthquake struck Lanao del Sur on April 1 at 02:17 local time. The earthquake measuring 7.4 on the moment magnitude scale and assigned a maximum intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale was one of the largest to hit Mindanao. It caused immense damage around Lake Lanao and the southern reaches of the Visayan islands. It killed at least 465 individuals and injured a further 898.

References

  1. ↑ "Philippines - Earthquake OCHA Situation Report No. 3". ReliefWeb . March 15, 2002.
  2. ↑ "Magnitude 7 and Greater Earthquakes in 2002". United States Geological Survey. December 1, 2003. Archived from the original on February 18, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  3. ↑ "Magnitude 7.5 Mindanao, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. November 13, 2003. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  4. ↑ "Tectonics and Volcanoes of the Philippines". Volcano World. Oregon State University. 2010. Archived from the original on July 18, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  5. ↑ "Historic World Earthquakes". United States Geological Survey. November 23, 2009. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  6. 1 2 "12 dead in Mindanao earthquake". Philippine Daily Inquirer . March 16, 2002. Archived from the original on April 17, 2002. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
  7. ↑ "Poster of the Mindanao, Philippines Earthquake of 05 March 2002 - Magnitude 7.5". United States Geological Survey. October 19, 2009. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2010.
  8. ↑ "Strong earthquake rocks southern Philippines, killing four people, injuring 15 and cutting power". Associated Press. March 6, 2002.
  9. ↑ "Members safe after earthquake". The Deseret News . March 16, 2002. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  10. ↑ "12 dead in Mindanao earthquake". Philippine Daily Inquirer . March 16, 2002. Archived from the original on April 7, 2002. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
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