2021 Davao del Sur earthquake

Last updated
2021 Davao del Sur Earthquake
Philippines relief location map (Mindanao).svg
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Philippines relief location map (square).svg
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UTC  time2021-02-07 04:22:56
ISC  event 619810844
USGS-ANSS ComCat
Local dateFebruary 7, 2021 (2021-02-07)
Local time12:22 PST
Duration1-2 minutes
Magnitude6.0 Mw
Depth16.0 km (9.9 mi)
Epicenter 6°46′08″N125°06′04″E / 6.769°N 125.101°E / 6.769; 125.101
FaultMakilala-Malungon Fault
Type Strike-slip
Areas affectedPhilippines
Total damage25 buildings damaged
Max. intensity VIII (Severe)
PEIS – VII (Destructive) [1]
Landslides7 landslides in Makilala, Cotabato
AftershocksSome, Strongest is 4.8 Mw
Casualties14 injured

On February 7, 2021, at 12:22 PM PST, an earthquake measuring Mw  6.0 struck Davao del Sur and Cotabato. The event registered a Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI) of VIII (Severe) with VII on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS). [2] [3] [4]

Contents

Tectonic setting

The Philippines islands were formed in evolutionary processes involving subductions, collisions, and strike-slip faulting. earthquakes are frequent there as a result of collision processes between the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) and the Sunda Plate (SP). The slip convergence between PSP and the SP boundary is obliquely accommodated by the Philippine fault system, which is a major left-lateral strike-slip fault system. The Philippine fault has been slipping at a rate of 33 ± 11 mm/yr in the northern and central Leyte sections. The southern part of the Philippine fault is mainly located in eastern Mindanao and constitutes a complex fault system with discrete strands and splays. Mindanao island is located on the complex collision boundary between the SP and the PSP. Some parts of the convergence between these plates are consumed by the Philippine fault and subduction at the Cotabato trench. Some other parts of the convergence are accommodated by the fault system in Mindanao, and a series of strike-slip faults have developed.

Earthquake

Macroseismic Intensity Shakemap of the Feb 07 2021 Davao del Sur Earthquake 6.0 Magsaysay Dav del Sur Shakemap.jpg
Macroseismic Intensity Shakemap of the Feb 07 2021 Davao del Sur Earthquake

It was first recorded as magnitude 6.3 by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, which later downgraded it to Mw  6.1 at a shallow depth of 10 km. There was a foreshock which preceded the main quake, recorded Mw  4.8 at 7:28 AM PST by Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology with a PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale of IV (Moderately Strong). [2] The foreshock lasted 10–15 seconds which made people feel dizzy and nauseated.

Later, on 12:22 PM PST; a Mw  6.1 struck 9 km West of Magsaysay, Davao del Sur. Same epicenter of the foreshock. It perceived an Intensity VII (Very Strong) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale and PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale. Damage and aftershocks were expected after the earthquake. [4]

The Shakemap of USGS showed that it was also VII (Very strong). [3]

Earthquake report PHIVOLCS [5]
Intensity

Scale

Location
VII M'Lang, Makilala and Kabacan, Cotabato
VI Isulan, Sultan Kudarat
V Magsaysay, Digos City, Hagonoy, Santa Cruz, Sulop, Bansalan and Matanao, Davao Del Sur; Pres. Roxas, Arakan, Carmen, Kidapawan City,

Matalam and Tulunan, Cotabato; Koronadal City, Banga, Tupi and Tampakan, South Cotabato; Malungon, Sarangani; Columbio, Sultan Kudarat

IV Davao City and Padada, Davao Del Sur; Antipas, Banisilan, Midsayap, Cotabato; Alabel, Kiamba, Malapatan, Sarangani; General Santos City;

Norala, Polomolok, South Cotabato; Bagumbayan, Esperanza, Lutayan, Palimbang, Pres. Quirino, Sen. Ninoy Aquino, Tacurong City, Sultan Kudarat; Don Carlos, Bukidnon

III Maco and Nabunturan, Davao De Oro; Tagum City, Davao Del Norte; Malalag, Davao Del Sur; Cotabato City; Aleosan, Cotabato; T'Boli, South

Cotabato; Kadingilan and Kitaotao, Bukidnon; Datu Odin Sinduat, Maguindanao; Balingasag, Medina, Cagayan De Oro City, Gingoog, Salay and Tagaloan, Misamis Oriental; Kalamansig, Lambayong and Lebak, Sultan Kudarat

II Alamada, Cotabato; Tantangan, South Cotabato; Baungon, Damulog, Kalilangan, Libona, Maramag, Talakag, Malaybalay City and Valencia

City, Bukidnon; Iligan City, El Salvador and Manticao, Misamis Oriental

I Bislig City, Surigao Del Sur

The earthquake lasted for a minute and was produced by the Makilala-Malungon Fault which PHIVOLCS stated that could possibly produce a Magnitude 7.2 earthquake, with a possible Intensity VIII.[ citation needed ] Eight minutes after the mainshock a Mw  3.5 aftershock followed which felt III. Aftershocks rocked for one month which the strongest was the February 17, 2021 - Mw 4.8 in Magsaysay Davao del Sur (Intensity IV) and Mw 3.6 (Intensity III), February 24, 2021 - Ms 4.1 in Magsaysay Davao del Sur (Intensity III), March 1, 2021 - Ms 4.8 in Columbio Sultan Kudarat (Intensity IV) and Ms 3.1 (Intensity III), and March 4, 2021 - Ms 4.1 in Magsaysay Davao del Sur (Intensity III). [2]

More than 40 aftershocks were recorded the day after the quake. [6]

The earthquake came from an area that produced a similar sequence of earthquakes in October 2019 and December 2019 [ citation needed ], within an active faulting zone known as the Cotabato fault system, which includes the NW-SE trending Makilala-Malungon, M'lang, North and South Columbio and Tangbulan faults, and the SW-NE trending Makilala and Balabag faults. These faults may work with subduction zones to accommodate different components of regional tectonic strain in the slip partitioning system caused by the relative motion between the PSP and SP. Characterizing the geometrical complexity of these source faults has great significance for understanding the seismotectonic implications of the large earthquakes occurring in Mindanao. [7]

Damage and casualties

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council teams and Engineers immediately conducted damage inspection to buildings and houses and casualties. Three people were injured during the quake. In Cotabato province, another three persons were injured in the town of Makilala. Two churches and 21 houses were damaged in M'lang and Kabacan. One hospital was damaged in Isulan, Sultan Kudarat. At least seven landslides were reported in Makilala, [8] and cracks as long as 5–10 meters found their way to the floors of houses, while some walls collapsed at Sitio B'yao, New Esperanza village of M'lang. [9] An hour later the number of injured rose to four. [10] One mall in Davao del Sur had visible outside cracks. [11]

See also

Related Research Articles

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The 1976 Moro Gulf earthquake and tsunami occurred on August 17, 1976, at 00:11 local time near the islands of Mindanao and Sulu, in the Philippines. It measured 8.0 on the moment magnitude scale occurring at a depth of 20 km (12 mi). The earthquake was accompanied by a destructive tsunami that resulted in a majority of the estimated 5,000 to 8,000 fatalities. It was the deadliest and strongest earthquake in the Philippines in 58 years since the 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake.

The 2012 Negros earthquake occurred on February 6 at 11:49 PST, with a body wave magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum intensity of VII (Destructive) off the coast of Negros Oriental, Philippines. The epicenter of the thrust fault earthquake was approximately 72 kilometres (45 mi) north of Negros Oriental's provincial capital, Dumaguete.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013 Bohol earthquake</span> Magnitude 7.2 earthquake in Bohol

The 2013 Bohol earthquake occurred on October 15 at 8:12:31 PST in Bohol, an island province located in Central Visayas, Philippines. The magnitude of the earthquake was recorded at Mw 7.2, with epicenter 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) S 24° W of Sagbayan, and its depth of focus was 12 kilometres (7.5 mi). It affected the whole Central Visayas region, particularly Bohol and Cebu. The earthquake was felt in the whole Visayas area and as far as Masbate island in the north and Cotabato provinces in southern Mindanao.

The 2017 Surigao earthquake occurred on February 10, 2017, at 10:03 PM (PST), with a surface wave magnitude of 6.7 off the coast of Surigao del Norte in the Philippines. According to the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale the earthquake was an Intensity VII (Destructive) earthquake at maximum. In the past Surigao province has been hit by a magnitude 7.2 tremor in both 1879 and 1893.

The 1992 Murindó earthquake occurred on October 18 at 15:11 UTC with an epicenter in the Department of Chocó, northern Colombia. The shallow magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck northwest of the town of Murindó, killing ten and injured more than a hundred. Thirty-three municipalities were severely damaged.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Davao–Cotabato Road</span> Road in the Philippines

The Davao–Cotabato Road is a 205.7-kilometer (127.8 mi), two-to-six lane major national primary road, connecting the provinces of Davao del Sur, Maguindanao del Sur, Cotabato, and Maguindanao del Norte. It runs from Davao City to Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao del Norte.

The 2019 Cotabato earthquakes were an earthquake swarm which struck the province of Cotabato on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines in October 2019. Three of these earthquakes were above 6.0 on the moment magnitude scale with a Mercalli intensity of VIII. More than 40 people have been reported dead or missing and nearly 800 were injured as a result of these events.

At 14:11 PST on December 15, 2019, the province of Davao del Sur on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines was struck by an earthquake measuring 6.8 Mw. It had a maximum perceived intensity of VII on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. At least 13 people were killed and another 210 injured.

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The 1879 Surigao earthquake occurred on June 30 at 18:38 02:55 local time on the northeastern tip of Mindanao. The earthquake with a moment magnitude (Mw ) of 7.4 struck with an epicenter just south of Lake Mainit. Extensive damage occurred but there were no reports of casualties.

The 1955 Lanao earthquake struck Lanao del Sur on April 1 at 02:17 local time. The earthquake measuring 7.4 on the moment magnitude scale and assigned a maximum intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale was one of the largest to hit Mindanao. It caused immense damage around Lake Lanao and the southern reaches of the Visayan islands. It killed at least 465 individuals and injured a further 898.

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On July 27, 2022, at 8:43:24 a.m. (PHT), an earthquake struck the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.0 Mw , with an epicenter in Abra province. Eleven people were reported dead and 615 were injured. At least 35,798 homes, schools and other buildings were damaged or destroyed, resulting in ₱1.88 billion (US$34 million) worth of damage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">November 2023 Mindanao earthquake</span> Magnitude 6.7 earthquake in the Philippines

At 16:14 PST on November 17, 2023, the province of Sarangani on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines was struck by an earthquake measuring 6.7 Mww. It had a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. At least eleven people were killed and another 730 were treated for injuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">December 2023 Mindanao earthquake</span> Magnitude 7.6 earthquake in the Philippines

On December 2, 2023, at 22:37 PST, a magnitude 7.4-7.6 earthquake occurred off the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. The shallow subduction earthquake killed at least three people and left 79 injured.

References

  1. ↑ "M 6.0 - 9 km W of Magsaysay, Philippines - Pager message".
  2. 1 2 3 "PHIVOLCS LATEST EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION". phivolcs.dost.gov.ph. August 2021. Archived from the original on 2019-04-11. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
  3. 1 2 "USGS ON FEB 07 2021 QUAKE MINDANAO". earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-02-07. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  4. 1 2 "Strong mag. 6.0 earthquake - 14 km west of Digos, Province of Davao del Sur, Philippines, on Sunday, 7 Feb 2021 12:22 pm (GMT +8) - 300 user experience reports". www.volcanodiscovery.com. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  5. ↑ "Earthquake Information – 07 Feb 2021 - 12:22:55 PM". PHIVOLCS. Archived from the original on February 8, 2021. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  6. ↑ "Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  7. ↑ Li, Bingquan; Li, Yongsheng; Jiang, Wenliang; Su, Zhe; Shen, Wenhao (2020-08-01). "Conjugate ruptures and seismotectonic implications of the 2019 Mindanao earthquake sequence inferred from Sentinel-1 InSAR data". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 90: 102127. Bibcode:2020IJAEO..9002127L. doi: 10.1016/j.jag.2020.102127 . ISSN   0303-2434.
  8. ↑ Ropero, Gillan (2021-02-07). "Magnitude 6.1 quake rocks Davao del Sur". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  9. ↑ Inquirer, Philippine Daily (2021-02-09). "14 hurt in Davao del Sur earthquake". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  10. ↑ "DXND Radyo Bida Kidapawan City". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  11. ↑ Sur, PHOTOS: EARTHQUAKE 6 1 Magnitude Quake Hits Davao Del; Cracks, Mall Sustain (2021-02-07). "EARTHQUAKE 6.1 Magnitude Quake Hits Davao Del Sur, Mall Sustain Cracks (Photos)". Philippine News. Retrieved 2021-08-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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