November 2023 Mindanao earthquake

Last updated
November 2023 Mindanao earthquake
Earthquake Damage in Malapatan, Sarangani.jpg
A partially collapsed house in Malapatan, Sarangani
Philippines relief location map (Mindanao).svg
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Green pog.svg
General Santos City
UTC  time2023-11-17 08:14:10
ISC  event 635897768
USGS-ANSS ComCat
Local dateNovember 17, 2023 (2023-11-17)
Local time16:14
Magnitude6.7 Mww (USGS) 
6.8 Mw (PHIVOLCS) 
Depth52.0 km (32.3 mi)
Epicenter 34°56′46″N63°34′48″E / 34.946°N 63.580°E / 34.946; 63.580
Type Reverse
Areas affected Mindanao
Total damage21.9 million pesos (US$398,100) (as of 21/11/2023 [1] )
Max. intensity MMI VIII (Severe)

PEIS VIII (Very destructive) [2]
LandslidesYes
Casualties11 dead, 730 injured

At 16:14 PST (08:14 UTC) on November 17, 2023, the province of Sarangani on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines was struck by an earthquake measuring 6.7 Mww . It had a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. At least eleven people were killed and another 730 were treated for injuries.

Contents

Tectonic setting

The Cotabato Trench in southern Mindanao and the Philippine Mobile Belt. PhilippineMobileBelt007.jpg
The Cotabato Trench in southern Mindanao and the Philippine Mobile Belt.

Mindanao lies across the complex convergent boundary between the Sunda plate and the Philippine Sea plate. Part of the oblique convergence between these plates is taken up by subduction along the Cotabato Trench. The strike-slip component of the convergence is accommodated partly by the Philippine fault system and partly by the Cotabato Fault System, a network of mainly NW-SE trending sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip faults that form the boundary between the Cotabato Arc and the Central Mindanao Volcanic Belt. [3] In 1976, a magnitude 8.1 earthquake and tsunami along the same trench killed 8,000 people. [4]

Earthquake

The focal mechanism and depth corresponded to an earthquake of reverse-faulting at an intermediate depth. [5] On the PHIVOLCS earthquake intensity scale (PEIS), intensity VII (Destructive) was instrumentally recorded in Glan, Sarangani. [2] Intensity VI was reported in General Santos as well as in Polomolok and Koronadal, South Cotabato. [2] At least 120 aftershocks followed, six of which were felt. [6] The largest aftershock struck four days after the initial quake, measuring 5.2 mb according to the USGS [7] or 4.9 Mw according to PHIVOLCS. [8] The tremor was also felt in neighboring Indonesia, measuring intensity V on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale at Naha, IV at Ondong, and III at Bolaang Mongondow, Manado, Bitung, Tomohon and North Minahasa. [9]

Impact

At least 11 people were killed while 730 others were injured, [10] including 450 due to panic. [11] Of the dead, three were from General Santos, four in Glan, Sarangani, and one each from Jose Abad Santos, Davao Occidental and Malapatan, Sarangani. [12] [13] Among the dead were a couple killed by a collapsed wall, a woman killed by falling debris at a mall, and an old man killed by a rockfall. [14] The bodies of a mother and a child who were initially reported missing after a landslide [15] were both recovered the next day after the quake. [13] At least 85 people were injured in Glan alone. [16] Many students were injured while escaping in panic from a gymnasium in General Santos. Two people were believed to have died from panic-induced strokes while a third was killed by falling steel. Five people were injured in Koronadal. [17] Ground cracks and landslides occurred in some parts of Sarangani, including Glan. [18] [19]

At least 644 houses collapsed; 618 in Soccksargen and 26 more in the Davao Region. [20] Up to 4,248 others were damaged, [20] including 3,942 in Soccksargen, and 306 others in the Davao Region. [21] Sixteen roads and five bridges were also affected. [22] Power outages occurred across 21 areas, all of which were restored. [23] Authorities in Sarangani later estimated that more than 1,300 houses in the towns of Glan, Malapatan, Alabel, and Maasim suffered varying levels of damage. [24] Damage to roads in Sarangani amounted to P21.9 million. The municipal hall of Glan and a school were rendered unsafe for use after sustaining significant damage, while the town's port was also closed after its left wing collapsed, with a 30-meter section of the wharf believed to have sunk. Another jetty and a school covered court were tilted. [25] [26]

A landslide blocked a road between Glan and Malapatan, while the sea receded near the coast of Alabel. One building collapsed in Tampakan, two malls were damaged in Koronadal, and nine houses, as well as some schools were damaged in Jose Abad Santos. [27] Sixteen schools as well as some police stations were affected, while 54 fishing boats were damaged. [28] In Davao City, part of a crane and its load broke off from a high-rise condominium that was under construction and fell on top of a house in the Matina district. [29]

Response

Sarangani governor Rogelio Pacquiao suspended face-to-face classes at all levels in the province on 20–21 November to allow inspections on school buildings and imposed work-from-home arrangements in government offices. [28] The mayor of Glan pledged financial assistance of P10,000 to homeowners who suffered partial damage and a larger, undecided amount for those with totally damaged homes. [24] The town was placed under a state of calamity on 21 November. [30]

The Department of Social Welfare and Development vowed to give financial aid to the affected families with the Disaster Response Management Group's ₱1.34 billion food and non-food assistance fund. [31] [32] The agency reported 140,579 family food packs that were ready for distribution at local offices in Northern Mindanao, Davao, and Soccsksargen. [33] The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council's response cluster was immediately dispatched to inspect and respond to impacted areas moments after the earthquake. [34]

President Bongbong Marcos, who was on a six-day visit to the United States for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in San Francisco when the earthquake struck, said that he would proceed with his overseas trip unless a necessity arose that only he could respond to, but ordered an immediate response from all available government agencies. [35] [36] He later visited General Santos on 23 November to inspect the damage and distribute aid, during which he was accompanied by athlete and former senator Manny Pacquiao, who comes from the region. [26] On 19 November, Vice President Sara Duterte attended a wake for victims of the earthquake in Glan and visited injured patients at the Sarangani Provincial Hospital. [37]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sarangani</span> Province in Soccsksargen, Philippines

Sarangani, officially the Province of Sarangani, is a province in the Philippines located in the Soccsksargen region. Its capital is Alabel while Glan is the most populous municipality in the province. With a 230-kilometer (140 mi) coastline along the Sarangani Bay and Celebes Sea, the province is at the southernmost tip of Mindanao island, and borders South Cotabato and Davao del Sur to the north, Davao Occidental to the east, and the Celebes Sea to the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soccsksargen</span> Region in Mindanao, Philippines

Soccsksargen, formerly known as Central Mindanao, is an administrative region of the Philippines, designated as Region XII. Located in south-central Mindanao, its name is an acronym that stands for the region's four provinces and one highly urbanized city. The regional center is in Koronadal, located in the province of Cotabato del Sur, and the center of commerce and industry is General Santos, which is the most populous city in the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earthquake swarm</span> Series of localized seismic events within a short time period

In seismology, an earthquake swarm is a sequence of seismic events occurring in a local area within a relatively short period. The time span used to define a swarm varies, but may be days, months, or years. Such an energy release is different from the situation when a major earthquake is followed by a series of aftershocks: in earthquake swarms, no single earthquake in the sequence is obviously the main shock. In particular, a cluster of aftershocks occurring after a mainshock is not a swarm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kanlaon</span> Active volcano in the Philippines

Kanlaon, also known as Mount Kanlaon and Kanlaon Volcano, is an active andesitic stratovolcano and the highest mountain on the island of Negros in the Philippines, as well as the highest peak in the Visayas, with an elevation of 2,465 m (8,087 ft) above sea level. Mount Kanlaon ranks as the 42nd-highest peak of an island in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2002 Mindanao earthquake</span> M-7.5 earthquake in Philippines

The 2002 Mindanao earthquake struck the Philippines at 05:16 Philippine Standard Time on March 6. The world's sixth most powerful earthquake of the year, it registered a magnitude of 7.5 and was a megathrust earthquake. It originated near the Cotabato Trench, a zone of deformation situated between the Philippine Sea plate and the Sunda plate, and occurred very near to the Philippines' strongest earthquake for the 20th century, the 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake.

The 2012 Negros earthquake occurred on February 6 at 11:49 PST, with a body wave magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum intensity of VII (Destructive) off the coast of Negros Oriental, Philippines. The epicenter of the thrust fault earthquake was approximately 72 kilometres (45 mi) north of Negros Oriental's provincial capital, Dumaguete.

An earthquake off the coast of Samar occurred on August 31, 2012, at 20:47 local time in the Philippines. The populated islands of Visayas were struck by an earthquake of magnitude Mw 7.6. The earthquake occurred at a depth of 45 km. A tsunami warning was announced within the Pacific area and was lifted after two hours. The Philippine archipelago is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, where earthquakes and volcanic activity are common.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013 Bohol earthquake</span> Magnitude 7.2 earthquake in Bohol

The 2013 Bohol earthquake occurred on October 15 at 8:12:31 PST in Bohol, an island province located in Central Visayas, Philippines. The magnitude of the earthquake was recorded at Mw 7.2, with epicenter 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) S 24° W of Sagbayan, and its depth of focus was 12 kilometres (7.5 mi). It affected the whole Central Visayas region, particularly Bohol and Cebu. The earthquake was felt in the whole Visayas area and as far as Masbate island in the north and Cotabato provinces in southern Mindanao.

The 2017 Surigao earthquake occurred on February 10, 2017, at 10:03 PM (PST), with a surface-wave magnitude of 6.7 off the coast of Surigao del Norte in the Philippines. According to the PHIVOLCS earthquake intensity scale the earthquake was an Intensity VII (Destructive) earthquake at maximum. In the past Surigao province has been hit by a magnitude 7.2 tremor in both 1879 and 1893.

On April 22, 2019, at 5:11:09 p.m. (PST), an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.1Mw  struck the island of Luzon in the Philippines, leaving at least 18 dead, three missing and injuring at least 256 others. Despite the fact that the epicenter was in Zambales, most of the damage to infrastructure occurred in the neighboring province of Pampanga, which suffered damage to 29 buildings and structures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 Batanes earthquake</span> Natural disaster

The 2019 Batanes earthquake was a magnitude 6.0 earthquake which struck Batanes, Philippines on July 27, 2019. It was preceded by a 5.4 magnitude foreshock. Nine people were killed by the combined effects of the earthquakes.

The 2019 Cotabato earthquakes were an earthquake swarm which struck the province of Cotabato on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines in October 2019. Three of these earthquakes were above 6.0 on the moment magnitude scale with a Mercalli intensity of VIII. More than 40 people have been reported dead or missing and nearly 800 were injured as a result of these events.

At 14:11 PST on December 15, 2019, the province of Davao del Sur on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines was struck by an earthquake measuring 6.8 Mww. It had a maximum perceived intensity of VII on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. At least 13 people were killed and another 210 injured.

On 9 July 2019, at 8:36 PM (PST), an earthquake measuring Mw 5.6 jolted the province of North Cotabato, Davao del Sur, and other nearby provinces. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council reported one dead and three injured in Makilala after the earthquake, and a total of 164 families affected in Cotabato Province. Near the epicenter of the earthquake, the severity of strong ground motion was assigned VI (Strong) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. A total of 106 schools, 119 houses, and 14 other infrastructures were damaged by the earthquake.

On February 7, 2021, at 12:22 PM PST, an earthquake measuring Mww  6.0 struck Davao del Sur and Cotabato. The event registered a Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI) of VIII (Severe) with VII on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS).

On August 12, 2021, at 01:46:12 PST, a strong Mw  7.1 earthquake struck the island of Mindanao at a depth of 55.1 kilometers (34.2 mi). It had a maximum perceived Intensity V on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale. No damage or injuries were reported but a young man was killed by the earthquake.

The 1955 Lanao earthquake struck Lanao del Sur on April 1 at 02:17 local time. The earthquake measuring 7.4 on the moment magnitude scale and assigned a maximum intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale was one of the largest to hit Mindanao. It caused immense damage around the northern and central parts of Mindanao, as well as the southern reaches of Visayas. It killed at least 465 individuals and injured a further 898.

2023 in the Philippines details notable events that occurred in the Philippines in 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">December 2023 Mindanao earthquake</span> Magnitude 7.6 earthquake in the Philippines

On December 2, 2023, at 22:37 PST, a moment magnitude (Mww ) 7.6 earthquake occurred off the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. The shallow subduction earthquake killed at least three people and left 79 injured.

References

  1. ↑ "Mindanao quake death toll rises to 11". ABC CBN News. Archived from the original on 2023-11-22. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  2. 1 2 3 "EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION NO. : 4". Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. 18 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  3. ↑ "Porphyry Copper Assessment of East and Southeast Asia— Philippines, Taiwan (Republic of China), Republic of Korea (South Korea), and Japan" (PDF). Global Mineral Resource Assessment. United States Geological Survey. 2010. p. 3032. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-04-29. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  4. ↑ "Cotabato Trench movement caused M6.8 Davao Occidental quake: Phivolcs". ABS-CBN . Archived from the original on 2023-11-21. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  5. ↑ National Earthquake Information Center (17 November 2023). "M 6.7 – 26 km WSW of Burias, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  6. ↑ "Mindanao earthquake spawns 120 aftershocks". ABS-CBN. 23 November 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  7. ↑ National Earthquake Information Center (20 November 2023). "M 5.2 – 16 km SW of Baliton, Philippines". Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  8. ↑ "EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION NO. : 2". United States Geological Survey. 20 November 2023. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  9. ↑ "Gempa Hari Ini di Mindanao dengan Magnitudo 6,8 Dirasakan hingga Skala V MMI di Naha, Banyak Bangunan Rusak". Kabar Priangan (in Indonesian). 17 November 2023. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  10. ↑ "Mindanao quake death toll rises to 11". ABS-CBN. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  11. ↑ "Philippines earthquake death toll rises". The National Herald. 18 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  12. ↑ "7 reported dead due to Mindanao quake – NDRRMC". CNN Philippines. 18 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  13. 1 2 Datu, Dennis (19 November 2023). "Quake toll rises as bodies of mother, child recovered in Sarangani". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on November 21, 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  14. ↑ "Philippines earthquake: authorities report deaths from falling debris". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 18 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  15. ↑ "Philippines says at least six killed in Friday's magnitude 6.7 quake". Reuters. 17 November 2023. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  16. ↑ Datu, Dennis (19 November 2023). "Mayor of quake-stricken Glan town appeals for help from national government". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  17. ↑ Edwin O. Fernandez; Drema Quitayen Bravo (18 November 2023). "UPDATE:PNP, OCD: 7 die, over 300 hurt in Mag 6.9-quake in South Mindanao". NDBC News. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  18. ↑ Bosano, Raphael (20 November 2023). "Phivolcs says verifying liquefaction in Glan town following 6.9-magnitude quake". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  19. ↑ Untalan, Sherylin (21 November 2023). "Glan, Sarangani placed under state of calamity after Mindanao earthquake". GMA Integrated News. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  20. 1 2 DSWD (23 November 2023). DSWD DROMIC Report #6 on the Mw 6.8 Earthquake Incident in Sarangani, Davao Occidental as of 23 November 2023, 6PM (Report). ReliefWeb . Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  21. ↑ "SitRep No. 3 for the Magnitude Mw 6.8 Earthquake in Sarangani (Davao Occidental)" (PDF). NDRRMC. 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  22. ↑ "SitRep No. 2 for the Magnitude Mw 6.8 Earthquake in Sarangani (Davao Occidental)" (PDF). NDRRMC. 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  23. ↑ "SitRep No. 1 for the Magnitude Mw 6.8 Earthquake in Sarangani (Davao Occidental)" (PDF). NDRRMC. 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  24. 1 2 "'Where will we live?' Sarangani quake victims cry for help to rebuild homes". ABS-CBN. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  25. ↑ "Quake road damage in Sarangani hits P21.9 million". ABS-CBN. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  26. 1 2 "Marcos checks on General Santos, urges vigilance for aftershocks". Rappler. 23 November 2023. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  27. ↑ Tejano, Ivy (18 November 2023). "PBBM orders SAP to aid quake-hit Davao region". Manila Bulletin . Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  28. 1 2 Reyes, Victor (19 November 2023). "Quake death toll now 8; 180 families affected in 2 regions". Malaya . Malaya Business Insight. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  29. ↑ Saron, Rhoda Grace (19 November 2023). "Vacate premises". Mindanao Times. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  30. ↑ "Glan, Sarangani placed under state of calamity after Mindanao earthquake". GMA. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 2023-11-21. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  31. ↑ "Victims of magnitude 6.8 quake in Mindanao to get cash aid – DSWD". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on 2023-11-18. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  32. ↑ Untalan, Sherylin (2023-11-18). "NDRRMC vows immediate assistance for Mindanao quake victims". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on 2023-11-18. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  33. ↑ Reganit, Jose Cielito (November 17, 2023). "DSWD Mindanao field offices on high alert following strong quake". Philippines News Agency. Archived from the original on 2023-11-17. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  34. ↑ "M6.8 Earthquake in Davao Occidental: Philippines Flash Update #1 (17 Nov 2023, 1930 HRS UTC +7) – Philippines". ReliefWeb. 2023-11-17. Archived from the original on 2023-11-18. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  35. ↑ Dantes, Charles (2023-11-18). "Marcos orders quick response to Mindanao quake". Manila Standard. Archived from the original on 2023-11-18. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  36. ↑ Gutierrez, Pia (November 18, 2023). "Marcos Jr. says no need to cut short US trip after Mindanao quake". ABS-CBN. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  37. ↑ Argosino, Faith (November 19, 2023). "VP Duterte visits quake-hit Sarangani; condoles with affected families". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2023-11-20. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
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