Impeachment of Sara Duterte

"Impeachment of Duterte" redirects here. For efforts to impeach her father, see Efforts to impeach Rodrigo Duterte.

Impeachment of Sara Duterte
The House of Representatives motions to impeach Duterte
Accused	Sara Duterte, 15th Vice President of the Philippines
Date	February 5, 2025 ⁠–⁠ present (1 month and 1 day)
Outcome	Impeached by the House of Representatives
Charges	Culpable violation of the Constitution [1] Betrayal of public trust [1] Graft and corruption [1] Other high crimes [1]
Cause	Controversy over the use of confidential and intelligence funds for both the Office of the Vice President and Department of Education Alleged assassination threat against President Bongbong Marcos, First Lady Liza Marcos, and House Speaker Martin Romualdez Involvement in extrajudicial killings of drug suspects
Impeachment vote by the House of Representatives (February 5, 2025)
Votes in favor	215 / 306 (70%) (Additional 25 verified as complainants)
Not voting	66 / 306 (22%)
Result	Impeachment successful, currently being processed
Decision by the Senate sitting as the impeachment court (to be scheduled)
Result	Pending

In December 2024, four impeachment complaints were formally filed against Sara Duterte, the vice president of the Philippines, serving under President Bongbong Marcos. The measure was approved by the House of Representatives on February 5, 2025, paving the way for a trial to proceed in the Senate. Duterte became the first vice president of the Philippines to be impeached, but she will continue to hold office pending a final verdict by the Senate.

Background

Relationship between Marcos and Duterte

See also: Sara Duterte § Rift with Marcos and the House

Bongbong Marcos and Sara Duterte were elected as president and vice president, respectively, in the 2022 Philippine election as part of the UniTeam alliance. ^[2]

Duterte was appointed as Marcos's first secretary of education after they both took office in mid-2022, ^[3] although she preferred to be secretary of defense. ^[4] Over the next two years, Duterte's relationship with Marcos' allies deteriorated, particularly with House Speaker Martin Romualdez and First lady Liza Araneta. ^[3] She resigned in May 2023 from Lakas–CMD where she served as chairperson. Lakas is part of the ruling coalition. ^{[5] [6]} In January 2024, President Marcos insisted that the UniTeam is still "vibrant", referring to his working relationship with his deputy. ^[7] Duterte tendered her resignation from her position as education secretary in June 2024. ^[8] When asked about her friendship with Marcos in September 2024, she said they were never friends and merely running mates in the 2022 elections. ^[9] Marcos responded by saying he was "deceived" about their supposed friendship. ^[10] In October 2024, she detailed her fallout with Marcos, who she says "does not know how to be president". ^{[11] [12]}

Assassination threat

President Bongbong Marcos commented on the assassination threats on November 25

Don’t worry, Ma’am, to my security because I already spoke with someone. I told him if I would get killed, you kill BBM, Liza Araneta and Martin Romualdez. No joke, no joke. I gave my orders. If I die — I said, ‘Don’t stop okay? Until you have killed them,’ and he said ‘yes.’

Sara Duterte (in mix of Filipino and English),November 23, 2024; Zoom press conference ^{[13] [14]}

During a midnight press conference on November 22, 2024, initiated by Zuleika T. Lopez, Duterte claimed to have spoken with a contract killer to target President Marcos, his wife Liza, and House Speaker Romualdez in the event of her assassination, which the administration deemed an "active threat" against the government. ^{[15] [16]} She made the statement in response to a vlogger's question over her security. ^[17] At the time, Duterte had been resisting the transfer of Lopez by House authorities to the Correctional Institution for Women. ^{[18] [19]} Duterte later clarified that her remarks were not serious threats but rather a reflection of her fear for her personal safety after hearing threats against her. ^{[20] [21]}

On November 29, Marcos confirmed that he had directed the House of Representatives to refrain from filing an impeachment motion against Sara Duterte. This is despite his rift with Duterte which he described as a "a storm in a teacup" and maintained that any potential effort to impeach his deputy would be a waste of time that it "does not make a difference to even one single Filipino life". ^[22]

Confidential funds controversy

Duterte (far right) refused to take an oath at a congressional hearing on her office's budget use in September 2024.

This section is an excerpt from Sara Duterte § Confidential funds controversy.[ edit ]

In 2022 and 2023, Duterte made use of confidential and intelligence funds for both the OVP and DepEd; the OVP under her predecessor did not make use of confidential funds. According to Duterte's chief of staff, due to the OVP's compartmentalized structure, she handled her confidential funds in direct coordination with her office's special disbursing officer Gina F. Acosta without any intermediary. ^{[23] [24] [25]}

In 2024, the lower chamber's Committee on Good Government started investigations against the vice president's alleged misuse of funds after the approval of the 2025 OVP budget was deferred. On September 25, a former DepEd undersecretary alleged that Duterte gave out cash gifts worth ₱50 thousand monthly; ^[26] later on, another former official also came forward, claiming that they received similar envelopes but had stopped by late 2023, around the same time the issue of confidential funds was raised. ^[27] By November 2024, acknowledgement receipts from her offices submitted to the COA were revealed. Several lawmakers have expressed their doubts on the authenticity of the receipts, highlighting irregularities such as uncommon and allegedly fictitious names as well as discrepancies in the dates and signatures. ^{[28] [29]} Duterte claimed that she has not seen the receipts. ^[30] On December 9, 2024, the Philippine Statistics Authority reported that the names of 60% of the 677 individuals that were named as recipients of confidential funds from DepEd had no records in the national civil registry. ^[31]

South China Sea

This section is an excerpt from Sara Duterte § Foreign issues.[ edit ]

Duterte has been noted for not issuing explicit statements on the dispute between the Philippines and China in the South China Sea. She has declined to comment on the matter, instead deferring people to the Department of Foreign Affairs and the Department of National Defense when queried on such matters. ^{[32] [33]} For this, she received criticism by some officials, including by allies of Marcos in the House of Representatives ^{[34] [35]} and Philippine Coast Guard spokesperson for the West Philippine Sea Jay Tarriela. ^{[36] [37]} However, Marcos defended Duterte, stating that "[it is] not the role of the Vice President or the Secretary of Education to talk about China". ^[38]

Prior impeachment plans

The Makabayan bloc considered filing an impeachment case against Duterte back in August 2023 over alleged misuse of confidential funds of the Office of the Vice President for 2022, ^[39] which ACT Teachers representative France Castro from the Makabayan bloc described as an "impeachable offense". ^[40] Castro later judged the plan as "premature", citing the need to continue with the House investigation. ^[41]

In August 2024, Sara Duterte said she expects an impeachment case to be filed against her following her fallout with the president and information she heard from allies within the lower house. ^[42] In September 2024, Bagong Alyansang Makabayan described the impeachment of Duterte as necessary over her use of confidential funds in 2022 and 2023. ^[43] In the same month, the House of Representatives denied any plot to file an impeachment complaint. ^[44]

Complaints

December 2024 complaints

On December 2, 2024, the first formal impeachment case was lodged against Vice President Sara Duterte. ^[45] The complaint listed 24 articles which was categorized in four points: graft and corruption, bribery, betrayal of public trust, and other high crimes. ^[46] Aside from corruption, other cited reasons include her alleged role in the extrajudicial killings of the drug suspects and failure to make a stance against China's aggressive sovereignty claims in the South China Sea dispute. ^[45]

The second impeachment complaint against Duterte was filed on December 4, 2024, by 70 activists led by the Bagong Alyansang Makabayan. ^{[47] [48]} They cited a single reason which is betrayal of public trust over the illegal use and mishandling of confidential funds. Duterte is accused of committing "gross abuse of discretionary powers" over the ₱612.5 million confidential funds of the Office of the Vice President and the Department of Education. ^{[47] [49] [50]}

On December 5, 2024, House Secretary General Reginald Velasco disclosed that a third complaint by select members of the House of Representatives was being prepared. ^[51] The complaint was filed by a group of religious workers, lawyers and civil society workers in the House of Representatives against Duterte on December 19 for betrayal of public trust. ^[52]

Fourth impeachment complaint

On February 5, 2025, 215 members of the House of Representatives signed an impeachment complaint against Duterte on charges that include corruption, plotting to assassinate President Bongbong Marcos, involvement in extrajudicial killings and incitement to insurrection and public disorder. The impeachment complaint attained more than the minimum 102 signatures, or 1/3rds of the House of Representatives as required in the Constitution. With the signature threshold reached, the impeachment complaint constitutes as the formal Articles of Impeachment against Duterte and was transmitted to the Senate without a plenary vote. This marks the fourth complaint filed against Duterte. ^[53] On February 7, House Secretary General Reginald Velasco said that an additional 25 lawmakers had signed documents adding their names in support of the impeachment complaint, putting the total number of signees to 240. ^[54]

Among the signatories of the impeachment complaint was President Marcos' son, Ilocos Norte representative Sandro Marcos, and Speaker Romualdez. At least 101 lawmakers from Luzon and 40 from the Visayas also signed the complaint. In Duterte's home island of Mindanao, 41 of its 60 district representatives supported impeachment. However, in her native Davao Region, only Davao del Sur representative John Tracy Cagas signed the complaint out a total of 11 district representatives. Thirty-three of 61 party-list representatives also supported impeachment. ^[55]

Articles of Impeachment

These are the Articles of Impeachment against Vice President Sara Duterte:

The third article concerns the allegation that Duterte bribed high ranking Department of Education officials while the fifth article involves her linkage to extrajudicial killings which happened during her father and former president Rodrigo Duterte's war on drugs, including the Davao Death Squad. ^[56]

#	Case	Violation
1	Contracting an assassin and plotting to murder or assassinate the incumbent president, the first lady, and speaker of the House of Representatives, as publicly admitted by her in a live broadcast.	Betrayal of public trust Culpable violation of the constitution Other high crimes
2	Misuse and malversation of confidential funds appropriated to the Office of the Vice President (OVP) and the Department of Education (DepEd)	Betrayal of public trust Graft and corruption
3	In Violation of Republic Act No. 3019	Betrayal of public trust Bribery Graft and corruption
4	Amassing unexplained wealth and failing to disclose all her properties and interests in properties in her statement of assets and net worth (SALN), in Violation of Section 17, Article XI of the 1987 Philippine Constitution.	Culpable violation of the constitution Betrayal of public trust
5	High crime of murder and conspiracy to commit murder.	Other high crimes
6	By herself and/or in concert with others, committed acts of destabilization and sedition and insurrection.	Betrayal of public trust Other high crimes
7	Totality of Respondent's conduct as Vice-President, including her commission of the foregoing acts	Betrayal of public trust Culpable violation of the constitution Graft and corruption

Signatories

House of Representatives vote (by district only)

  Voted in favor of impeachment

  Additional votes in favor of impeachment (February 6, 2025; for verification)

  Did not vote in favor of impeachment

  District is vacant

A total of 215 lawmakers signed the impeachment complaint against vice president Sara Duterte on February 5, 2025. Sandro Marcos (Ilocos Norte–1st), who is also the son of president Bongbong Marcos was the first to affix his signature; House Speaker Martin Romualdez was the last. It was noted that 41 out of 60 lawmakers from Mindanao voted to impeach Sara Duterte. In the Duterte family's home region of Davao, only John Tracy Cagas (Davao del Sur) was in favor of the vice president's impeachment. ^[57]

On the following day, 25 more legislators who were previously not physically present affixed their signatures. ^[58]

Members of the House of Representatives who signed the impeachment complaint against Vice President Sara Duterte

No.	Representative [59]	Party		District	Bloc
1	Sandro Marcos		PFP	Ilocos Norte–1st	Majority
2	Aurelio Gonzales Jr.		Lakas	Pampanga–3rd	Majority
3	Manuel Jose Dalipe		Lakas	Zamboanga City–2nd	Majority
4	Jurdin Jesus Romualdo		Lakas	Camiguin–Lone	Majority
5	David C. Suarez		Lakas	Quezon–2nd	Majority
6	Jay Khonghun		Lakas	Zambales–1st	Majority
7	Anna Suarez		ALONA	Party-list	Majority
8	Paolo Ortega		Lakas	La Union–1st	Majority
9	Rodge Gutierrez		1-Rider	Party-list	Minority
10	Yasser Balindong		Lakas	Lanao del Sur–2nd	Majority
11	Lex Anthony Colada		AAMBIS-Owa	Party-list	Minority
12	Stephen Paduano		Abang Lingkod	Party-list	Minority
13	Jude Acidre		Tingog	Party-list	Majority
14	Danilo Fernandez		NUP	Santa Rosa–Lone	Majority
15	Zia Alonto Adiong		Lakas	Lanao del Sur–1st	Majority
16	Yedda Romualdez		Tingog	Party-list	Majority
17	Pammy Zamora		Lakas	Taguig–2nd	Majority
18	Janette Garin		Lakas	Iloilo–1st	Majority
19	Marvin Rillo		Lakas	Quezon City–4th	Majority
20	Raul Tupas		Lakas	Iloilo–5th	Majority
21	Ernix Dionisio		Lakas	Manila–1st	Majority
22	Irwin Tieng		Lakas	Manila–5th	Majority
23	Fidel Nograles		Lakas	Rizal–4th	Majority
24	Rolando Valeriano		NUP	Manila–2nd	Majority
25	Wowo Fortes		NPC	Sorsogon–2nd	Majority
26	Emeng Pascual		Lakas	Nueva Ecija–4th	Majority
27	Presley de Jesus		PHILRECA	Party-list	Minority
28	Ace Barbers		Nacionalista	Surigao del Norte–2nd	Majority
29	Sergio Dagooc		APEC	Party-list	Minority
30	Amben Amante		Lakas	Laguna–3rd	Majority
31	Rommel T. Angara		LDP	Aurora–Lone	Majority
32	Wilter Palma		Lakas	Zamboanga Sibugay–1st	Majority
33	Solomon Chungalao		NPC	Ifugao–Lone	Majority
34	Miguel Luis Villafuerte		NUP	Camarines Sur–5th	Majority
35	Ando Oaminal		Lakas	Misamis Occidental–2nd	Majority
36	Mike Dy III		Lakas	Isabela–5th	Majority
37	Michael Morden		API	Party-list	Majority
38	Allen Jesse Mangaoang		Nacionalista	Kalinga–Lone	Majority
39	Alfredo Marañon III		NUP	Negros Occidental–2nd	Majority
40	Peter Miguel		Lakas	South Cotabato–2nd	Majority
41	Carlito Marquez		NPC	Aklan–1st	Majority
42	Dante Garcia		Lakas	La Union–2nd	Majority
43	Gerardo Espina Jr.		Lakas	Biliran–Lone	Majority
44	Lorenz Defensor		NUP	Iloilo–3rd	Majority
45	Gerardo Valmayor Jr.		NPC	Negros Occidental–1st	Majority
46	Nicanor Briones		AGAP	Party-list	Majority
47	Ann Matibag		Lakas	Laguna–1st	Majority
48	Irene Gay Saulog		Kalinga	Party-list	Majority
49	Ray T. Reyes		Anakalusugan	Party-list	Majority
50	Tawi Billones		Liberal	Capiz–1st	Majority
51	Jun Gato		NPC	Batanes–Lone	Majority
52	Danny Domingo		NUP	Bulacan–1st	Majority
53	Neptali Gonzales II		NUP	Mandaluyong–Lone	Majority
54	Fernando Cabredo		NUP	Albay–3rd	Majority
55	Mohamad Paglas		Lakas	Maguindanao del Sur–Lone	Majority
56	Teodorico Haresco Jr.		Nacionalista	Aklan–2nd	Majority
57	Jonathan Clement Abalos		4Ps	Party-list	Minority
58	Rodolfo Ordanes		Senior Citizens	Party-list	Majority
59	Salvador Pleyto		Lakas	Bulacan–6th	Majority
60	Ambrosio Cruz		Lakas	Bulacan–5th	Majority
61	Milagros Aquino-Magsaysay		United Senior Citizens	Party-list	Majority
62	Gabriel Bordado		Liberal	Camarines Sur–3rd	Minority
63	Marivic Co-Pilar		NUP	Quezon City–6th	Majority
64	Mitch Cajayon-Uy		Lakas	Caloocan–2nd	Majority
65	Harris Ongchuan		NUP	Northern Samar–2nd	Minority
66	Paul Daza		NUP	Northern Samar–1st	Minority
67	Ed Lumayag		PFP	South Cotabato–1st	Majority
68	Leo Rodriguez		PFP	Catanduanes–Lone	Majority
69	Carmelo Lazatin II		Lakas	Pampanga–1st	Majority
70	Joseph Tan		Lakas	Isabela–4th	Majority
71	Kristine Singson-Meehan		NPC	Ilocos Sur–2nd	Majority
72	Ed Christopher Go		Lakas	Isabela–2nd	Majority
73	Joel Chua		Lakas	Manila–3rd	Majority
74	Marjorie Ann Teodoro		NUP	Marikina–1st	Majority
75	Manuel Sagarbarria		NPC	Negros Oriental–2nd	Majority
76	Zaldy Villa		Lakas	Siquijor–Lone	Majority
77	Ysabel Zamora		Lakas	San Juan–Lone	Majority
78	Inno Dy		Lakas	Isabela–6th	Majority
79	Franz Pumaren		NUP	Quezon City–3rd	Majority
80	Juliet Marie Ferrer		NUP	Negros Occidental–4th	Majority
81	Luis Raymund Villafuerte		NUP	Camarines Sur–2nd	Majority
82	Roberto Puno		NUP	Antipolo–1st	Majority
83	Bing Maniquiz		Lakas	Zambales–2nd	Majority
84	Marissa Magsino		OFW	Party-list	Minority
85	Geraldine Roman		Lakas	Bataan–1st	Majority
86	Crispin Diego Remulla		NUP	Cavite–7th	Majority
87	Roy Loyola		NPC	Cavite–5th	Majority
88	Antonino Calixto		Lakas	Pasay–Lone	Majority
89	Romeo Momo		Nacionalista	Surigao del Sur–1st	Majority
90	Celso Regencia		Lakas	Iligan–Lone	Majority
91	Lorna Silverio		NUP	Bulacan–3rd	Majority
92	Ching Bernos		Lakas	Abra–Lone	Majority
93	Benny Abante		NUP	Manila–6th	Majority
94	Eleanor Begtang		NPC	Apayao–Lone	Majority
95	Baby Alfonso		Lakas	Cagayan–2nd	Majority
96	Josefina Tallado		Lakas	Camarines Norte–1st	Majority
97	Augustina Dominique Pancho		NUP	Bulacan–2nd	Majority
98	Jose Teves Jr.		TGP	Party-list	Majority
99	Francisco Jose Matugas II		Lakas	Surigao del Norte–1st	Majority
100	James Ang Jr.		Uswag Ilonggo	Party-list	Majority
101	Jane Castro		Lakas	Capiz–2nd	Majority
102	Alan Ecleo		Lakas	Dinagat Islands–Lone	Majority
103	Antonio Ferrer		NUP	Cavite–6th	Majority
104	Maria Angela Garcia		NUP	Bataan–3rd	Majority
105	Loreto Acharon		NPC	General Santos–Lone	Majority
106	Steve Solon		Lakas	Sarangani	Majority
107	Keith Micah Tan		NPC	Quezon–4th	Majority
108	Reynante Arrogancia		NPC	Quezon–3rd	Minority
109	Ricardo Cruz Jr.		Nacionalista	Taguig–1st	Majority
110	Ralph Tulfo		PFP	Quezon City–2nd	Majority
111	Dean Asistio		Lakas	Caloocan–3rd	Majority
112	Dimszar Sali		NUP	Tawi-Tawi–Lone	Majority
113	Ronald Singson		NPC	Ilocos Sur–1st	Majority
114	Hori Horibata		NUP	Camarines Sur–1st	Majority
115	Julienne Baronda		Lakas	Iloilo City–Lone	Majority
116	Ivan Howard Guintu		PINUNO	Party-list	Majority
117	Arjo Atayde		Nacionalista	Quezon City–1st	Majority
118	Edgar Chatto		NUP	Bohol–1st	Majority
119	Vanvan Aumentado		Lakas	Bohol–2nd	Majority
120	Alexie Tutor		Lakas	Bohol–3rd	Majority
121	Mark Enverga		NPC	Quezon–1st	Majority
122	Pinpin Uy		Lakas	Zamboanga del Norte–1st	Majority
123	Alfel Bascug		NUP	Agusan del Sur–1st	Majority
124	Christian Unabia		Lakas	Misamis Oriental–1st	Majority
125	Lordan Suan		Lakas	Cagayan de Oro–1st	Majority
126	Yevgeny Emano		Nacionalista	Misamis Oriental–2nd	Majority
127	Joselito Sacdalan		NPC	Cotabato–1st	Majority
128	Albert Garcia		NUP	Bataan–2nd	Majority
129	Patrick Michael Vargas		Lakas	Quezon City–5th	Majority
130	Jose Aquino II		Lakas	Agusan del Norte–1st	Majority
131	France Castro		ACT Teachers	Party-list	Minority
132	Jam Agarao		PFP	Laguna–4th	Majority
133	Arlene Brosas		Gabriela	Party-list	Minority
134	Raoul Manuel		Kabataan	Party-list	Minority
135	Anna Veloso Tuazon		NUP	Leyte–3rd	Majority
136	Cha Hernandez		Lakas	Calamba–Lone	Majority
137	Jaime Cojuangco		NPC	Tarlac–1st	Majority
138	Victoria Yu		Lakas	Zamboanga del Sur–2nd	Majority
139	Munir Arbison Jr.		Lakas	Sulu–2nd	Majority
140	Angelica Natasha Co		BHW	Party-list	Majority
141	Perci Cendaña		Akbayan	Party-list	Minority
142	John Tracy Cagas		Nacionalista	Davao del Sur–Lone	Majority
143	Joseph Gilbert Violago		NUP	Nueva Ecija–2nd	Majority
144	Edwin Olivarez		Lakas	Parañaque–1st	Majority
145	Stella Quimbo		Lakas	Marikina–2nd	Majority
146	Gustavo Tambunting		NUP	Parañaque–2nd	Majority
147	Mercedes Lansang		NPC	Negros Occidental–6th	Majority
148	Mika Suansing		Lakas	Nueva Ecija–1st	Majority
149	Rachel del Mar		NPC	Cebu City–1st	Majority
150	Peter John Calderon		NPC	Cebu–7th	Majority
151	Jocelyn Limkaichong		NPC	Negros Oriental–1st	Majority
152	Janice Salimbangon		NUP	Cebu–4th	Majority
153	Rhea Gullas		Lakas	Cebu–1st	Majority
154	Daphne Lagon		Lakas	Cebu–6th	Majority
155	Dimple Mastura		Lakas	Maguindanao del Norte–Lone	Majority
156	Edsel Galeos		Lakas	Cebu–2nd	Majority
157	Johnny Pimentel		NUP	Surigao del Sur–2nd	Majority
158	Emmarie Dizon		Lakas	Mandaue–Lone	Majority
159	Eddiebong Plaza		NUP	Agusan del Sur–2nd	Majority
160	Christopherson Yap		Lakas	Southern Leyte–2nd	Majority
161	Jason Almonte		Nacionalista	Misamis Occidental–1st	Majority
162	Mario Vittorio Mariño		Nacionalista	Batangas–5th	Majority
163	Romeo Acop		NUP	Antipolo–2nd	Majority
164	Maximo Dalog Jr.		Nacionalista	Mountain Province–Lone	Majority
165	Jonathan Keith Flores		Nacionalista	Bukidnon–2nd	Majority
166	Marcelino Libanan		4Ps	Party-list	Minority
167	Laarni Roque		Nacionalista	Bukidnon–4th	Majority
168	Mark Go		Nacionalista	Baguio–Lone	Majority
169	Tata Eudela		Lakas	Zamboanga Sibugay–2nd	Majority
170	Luz Mercado		Lakas	Southern Leyte–1st	Majority
171	Maria Fe Abunda		Lakas	Eastern Samar–Lone	Majority
172	Joseph Lara		Lakas	Cagayan–3rd	Majority
173	Maria Theresa Collantes		NPC	Batangas–3rd	Majority
174	Arnan Panaligan		Lakas	Oriental Mindoro–1st	Majority
175	Felimon Espares		Coop-NATCCO	Party-list	Minority
176	Lucille Nava		NUP	Guimaras–Lone	Majority
177	Glona Labadlabad		Lakas	Zamboanga del Norte–2nd	Majority
178	Odie Tarriela		PFP	Occidental Mindoro–Lone	Majority
179	Eleandro Jesus Madrona		Nacionalista	Romblon–Lone	Majority
180	Divina Grace Yu		Lakas	Zamboanga del Sur–1st	Majority
181	Jil Bongalon		Ako Bicol	Party-list	Majority
182	Gerville Luistro		Lakas	Batangas–2nd	Majority
183	Jose Manuel Alba		Lakas	Bukidnon–1st	Majority
184	Luisa Cuaresma		UNA	Nueva Vizcaya–Lone	Majority
185	Allan Ty		LPGMA	Party-list	Majority
186	Oscar Malapitan		Nacionalista	Caloocan–1st	Majority
187	Aminah Dimaporo		Lakas	Lanao del Norte–2nd	Majority
188	Jernie Jett Nisay		Pusong Pinoy	Party-list	Majority
189	Ian Amatong		Liberal	Zamboanga del Norte–3rd	Majority
190	Maria Rachel Arenas		Lakas	Pangasinan–3rd	Majority
191	Marlyn Primicias-Agabas		PFP	Pangasinan–6th	Majority
192	Linabelle Villarica		PFP	Bulacan–4th	Majority
193	Eric Buhain		Nacionalista	Batangas–1st	Majority
194	Christopher de Venecia		Lakas	Pangasinan–4th	Majority
195	Cynthia Chan		Lakas	Lapu-Lapu City–Lone	Majority
196	Arnulf Bryan Fuentebella		NPC	Camarines Sur–4th	Majority
197	Raymond Mendoza		TUCP	Party-list	Majority
198	Roman Romulo		NPC	Pasig–Lone	Majority
199	Mark Cojuangco		NPC	Pangasinan–2nd	Majority
200	Ferjenel Biron		Nacionalista	Iloilo–4th	Majority
201	Samier Tan		Lakas	Sulu–1st	Majority
202	Anna York Bondoc		Nacionalista	Pampanga–4th	Majority
203	Jaime Fresnedi		Liberal	Muntinlupa–Lone	Majority
204	Tirso Edwin Gardiola		CWS	Party-list	Majority
205	Lolita Javier		Nacionalista	Leyte–2nd	Majority
206	Michael Gorriceta		Nacionalista	Iloilo–2nd	Majority
207	Jorge Antonio Bustos		PATROL	Party-list	Majority
208	Duke Frasco		NUP	Cebu–5th	Majority
209	Aniela Tolentino		NUP	Cavite–8th	Majority
210	Jocelyn Tulfo		ACT-CIS	Party-list	Majority
211	Greg Gasataya		NPC	Bacolod–Lone	Majority
212	Ruth Hernandez		Lakas	Laguna–2nd	Majority
213	Maria Alana Samantha Santos		Lakas	Cotabato–3rd	Majority
214	Florida Robes		PFP	San Jose del Monte–Lone	Majority
215	Martin Romualdez		Lakas	Leyte–1st	Majority
216	Len Alonte [a]		Lakas	Biñan–Lone	Majority
217	Ramon Nolasco Jr. [a]		Lakas	Cagayan–1st	Majority
218	Tonypet Albano [a]		Lakas	Isabela–1st	Majority
219	Mohamad Khalid Dimaporo [a]		Lakas	Lanao del Norte–1st	Majority
220	Carl Cari [a]		Lakas	Leyte–5th	Majority
221	Richard Kho [a]		Lakas	Masbate–1st	Majority
222	Ara Kho [a]		Lakas	Masbate–2nd	Majority
223	Wilton Kho [a]		Lakas	Masbate–3rd	Majority
224	Dino Yulo [a]		Lakas	Negros Occidental–5th	Majority
225	Midy Cua [a]		Lakas	Quirino–Lone	Majority
226	Rihan Sakaluran [a]		Lakas	Sultan Kudarat–1st	Majority
227	Ramon Guico Jr. [a]		Lakas	Pangasinan–5th	Majority
228	Elizaldy Co [a]		Ako Bicol	Party-list	Majority
229	Arthur Celeste [a]		Nacionalista	Pangasinan–1st	Majority
230	Adrian Jay Advincula [a]		NUP	Cavite–3rd	Majority
231	Bong Rivera [a]		NPC	Tarlac–3rd	Majority
232	Christian Yap [a]		Sama Sama Tarlac	Tarlac–2nd	Majority
233	Alfonso Umali Jr. [a]		Liberal	Oriental Mindoro–2nd	Majority
234	Sonny Lagon [a]		Ako Bisaya	Party-list	Majority
235	Jose Gay Padiernos [a]		GP Party	Party-list	Majority
236	Richelle Singson-Michael [a]		Ako Ilocano Ako	Party-list	Majority
237	Ron Salo [a]		KABAYAN	Party-list	Majority
238	Caroline Tanchay [a]		SAGIP	Party-list	Majority
239	Robert Raymond Estrella [a]		Abono	Party-list	Majority
240	Edvic G. Yap [a]		ACT-CIS	Party-list	Majority

Non-signatories

House of Representatives members who are members of some of the incumbent senators were noted to have not signed the petition. However, some members of the lower house were overseas and had their e-signatures sent but were not included in the copy endorsed to the Senate. Joseph Stephen Paduano of Abang Lingkod said that Dino Yulo and others did sign the complaint but their signatures were not included in the endorsed copy. ^[60]

Members of the House of Representatives who did not sign the impeachment complaint against Vice President Sara Duterte

No.	Representative [59]	Party		District	Bloc
1	Cheeno Almario		Lakas	Davao Oriental–2nd	Majority
2	Jose Alvarez		NPC	Palawan–2nd	Majority
3	Pantaleon Alvarez		Reporma	Davao del Norte–1st	Minority
4	Eugenio Angelo Barba		Nacionalista	Ilocos Norte–2nd	Majority
5	Claudine Bautista-Lim		DUMPER PTDA	Party-list	Majority
6	Claude Bautista		NPC	Davao Occidental–Lone	Majority
7	Lianda Bolilia		Nacionalista	Batangas–4th	Majority
8	Bonifacio Bosita		1-Rider	Party-list	Minority
9	Luis Campos Jr.		NPC	Makati–2nd	Minority
10	Rudy Caoagdan		Nacionalista	Cotabato–2nd	Majority
11	Drixie Mae Cardema		Duterte Youth	Party-list	Majority
12	Dale Corvera		Lakas	Agusan del Norte–1st	Majority
13	Nelson Dayanghirang		Nacionalista	Davao Oriental–1st	Majority
14	Alfred delos Santos		Ang Probinsyano	Party-list	Majority
15	Jack Duavit		NPC	Rizal–1st	Majority
16	Alan Dujali		Lakas	Davao del Norte–2nd	Majority
17	Paolo Duterte		HTL	Davao City–1st	Majority
18	Ian Paul Dy		Lakas	Isabela–3rd	Majority
19	Dette Escudero		NPC	Sorsogon–1st	Majority
20	Rudys Caesar Fariñas		Probinsyano Ako	Party-list	Majority
21	Jose Arturo Garcia Jr.		NPC	Rizal–3rd	Majority
22	Pablo John Garcia		NUP	Cebu–3rd	Majority
23	Vincent Garcia		Lakas	Davao City–2nd	Majority
24	Anthony Rolando Golez Jr.		Malasakit@Bayanihan	Party-list	Majority
25	Richard Gomez		PFP	Leyte–4th	Majority
26	Ruwel Peter Gonzaga		PFP	Davao de Oro–2nd	Majority
27	Carlo Lisandro Gonzales		Marino	Party-list	Majority
28	Mujiv Hataman		Liberal (BUP)	Basilan–Lone	Minority
29	Bernadette Herrera		BH	Party-list	Minority
30	Virgilio Lacson		Manila Teachers	Party-list	Majority
31	Josephine Lacson-Noel		NPC	Malabon–Lone	Majority
32	Wilbert T. Lee		AGRI	Party-list	Minority
33	Antonio Legarda Jr.		NPC	Antique–Lone	Majority
34	Gloria Macapagal Arroyo		Lakas	Pampanga–2nd	Majority
35	Edward Maceda		NPC	Manila–4th	Majority
36	Rodante Marcoleta		SAGIP	Party-list	Majority
37	Eric Martinez		Independent	Valenzuela–2nd	Majority
38	Lani Mercado		Lakas	Cavite–2nd	Majority
39	Migs Nograles		PBA	Party-list	Majority
40	Khymer Adan Olaso		Nacionalista	Zamboanga City–1st	Majority
41	Rosemarie Panotes		Lakas	Camarines Norte–1st	Majority
42	Kid Peña		NPC	Makati–1st	Majority
43	Eduardo Rama Jr.		Lakas	Cebu City–2nd	Majority
44	Bryan Revilla		Agimat	Party-list	Majority
45	Jolo Revilla		Lakas	Cavite–1st	Majority
46	Rufus Rodriguez		CDP	Cagayan de Oro–2nd	Majority
47	Mikee Romero		1-PACMAN	Party-list	Majority
48	Joey Salceda		Lakas	Albay–2nd	Majority
49	Horacio Suansing Jr.		NUP	Sultan Kudarat–2nd	Majority
50	Reynaldo Tamayo		ANGAT	Party-list	Majority
51	Shernee Tan		Kusug Tausug	Party-list	Majority
52	Stephen James Tan		Nacionalista	Samar–1st	Minority
53	Reynolds Michael Tan		Lakas	Samar–2nd	Minority
54	Dino Tanjuatco		NPC	Rizal–2nd	Majority
55	Toby Tiangco		Navoteño	Navotas–Lone	Majority
56	Erwin Tulfo		ACT-CIS	Party-list	Majority
57	Isidro Ungab		HTL	Davao City–3rd	Majority
58	Lord Allan Velasco		NPC	Marinduque–Lone	Majority
59	Rosanna Vergara		PFP	Nueva Ecija–3rd	Majority
60	Sam Verzosa		Tutok To Win	Party-list	Majority
61	Eddie Villanueva		CIBAC	Party-list	Majority
62	Camille Villar		Nacionalista	Las Piñas–Lone	Majority
63	Brian Yamsuan		Bicol Saro	Party-list	Minority
64	Eric Yap		Lakas	Benguet–Lone	Majority
65	Maricar Zamora		Lakas	Davao de Oro–1st	Majority
66	Jose Maria Zubiri Jr.		PFP	Bukidnon–3rd	Majority

Supreme Court petitions

Lawyer Catalino Generillo Jr. on February 14 filed a petition for mandamus, before the Supreme Court arguing that the Senate has the "inescapable constitutional duty" to immediately start the trial. ^[61] On February 18, a group of Mindanao-based lawyers filed a certiorari and sought a temporary restraining order to prevent the start of the trail. ^[62] That same day, Sara Duterte also sent a petition to the Supreme Court asking for the nullification of the impeachment complaint. ^[63]

Impeachment court

The Senate received the House of Representative's complaint on February 5, 2025, which also coincided with the last day of Senate session. The Articles of Impeachment were received by Senate secretary Renato Bantug at 5:49 p.m. but it was not reported to the plenary before it adjourned at 7:00 pm. ^[64] The Senate is obliged to convene as an impeachment court to process the complaint but there is no schedule yet. ^[53]

Officers

The House of Representatives named 11 of its members who will serve as prosecutors. They will defend the lower house's motion to impeach Vice President Duterte before the Senate acting as the impeachment court. ^[65] There is no lead prosecutor yet. The House also received offers for legal assistance from third party lawyers. ^[66]

Senate president Chiz Escudero is expected to serve as the presiding officer of the trial. ^[53]

Prosecutors

Prosecutors [65]
Portrait	Representative	Party		District	Bloc
	Gerville Luistro		Lakas	Batangas–2nd	Majority
	Romeo Acop		NUP	Antipolo–2nd	Majority
	Rodge Gutierrez		1-Rider	Party-list	Minority
	Joel Chua		Lakas	Manila–3rd	Majority
	Raul Angelo Bongalon		Ako Bicol	Party-list	Majority
	Loreto Acharon		NPC	General Santos	Majority
	Marcelino Libanan		4Ps	Party-list	Minority
	Arnan Panaligan		Lakas	Oriental Mindoro–1st	Majority
	Ysabel Zamora		Lakas	San Juan	Majority
	Lorenz Defensor		NUP	Iloilo–3rd	Majority
	Jonathan Keith Flores		Nacionalista	Bukidnon–2nd	Majority

Duterte's counsel

According to Sara Duterte, her legal team had already begun preparations as early as November 2024 in anticipation of her impeachment. ^[61] In December 2024, her father, former President Rodrigo Duterte, offered to join the defense team. ^[67]

Scheduling of the trial

In case the verified complaint or resolution of impeachment is filed by at least one-third of all the Members of the House, the same shall constitute the Articles of Impeachment, and trial by the Senate shall forthwith proceed.

—  1987 Constitution of the Philippines; Article IX, Section 3(4)

The Senate is not inclined to convene as a trial court before it is set to resume session on June 2, 2025, but there is a possibility the Senate could still convene during the break. ^[64] However Senate president Chiz Escudero maintained that a trial cannot be "legally" started during this period since he believe that there has to be an ongoing session for the Senate to convene as an impeachment court. ^[68] Senate minority leader Koko Pimentel said that the course of the impeachment could be affected by the fact that the terms of 12 of the chamber's members are due to end on June 30, along with the results of the 2025 Philippine Senate election on May 12. ^[69]

Assuming that the Senate convene on June 2, there are six session days left until the 19th Congress ends on June 13 which made Escudero conclude that the impeachment trial would be heard by the 20th Congress. ^[70] Escudero projects the trial to begin in July 2025 after President Marcos makes his State of the Nation Address, ^[71] with a verdict due in October 2025. ^[72]

Proponents of the impeachment insist that the Constitution obligates that the "trial by the Senate shall proceed forthwith," or as soon as possible. They suggest that the President may call in a special session for this purpose. ^[73]

On February 27, 2025, Escudero proposed the following schedule to the Senate, House of Representatives, and the Office of the Vice President.

Proposed impeachment schedule, as proposed by Senate President Escudero ^[74]

Date	Event
June 2, 2025 (3pm)	Presentation of Articles of Impeachment to the Senate by House prosecutors Approval of the Rules of Procedure on Impeachment Trials
June 3, 2025 (9am)	Convening of the Impeachment Court Oath-taking of incumbent senator-judges
June 4, 2025	Issuance of summons
June 14, 2025 - June 24, 2025	Reception of pleadings
June 24, 2025 - June 25, 2025	Pre-trial proceedings
July 28, 2025 (10am)	Inaugural session of the 20th Congress
July 28, 2025 (4pm)	Joint Session of Congress for the President's State of the Nation Address.
July 29, 2025 (9am)	Oath-taking of the newly elected senator-judges before the Senate sitting as an Impeachment Court
July 29, 2025 (3pm)	Senate plenary session
July 30, 2025 (9am - 2pm)	Start of impeachment trial

The Senate and House of Representatives formed their own secretariats on February 27 and 28, respectively, to provide administrative support the impeachment trial. ^{[75] [76]}

Senate judges and potential outcome

If 16 out of the sitting 23 senators vote Duterte to be liable in one of the impeachable offenses, Duterte will be removed as vice president and be perpetually disqualified from holding any public office. ^[77]

It is unclear if Duterte can avoid disqualification by resigning before a conviction. Associate justice Antonio Carpio believes she could do so, while constitutional law professor and lawyer Antonio La Viña differs saying the trial may still proceed despite a potential resignation. While a resignation may prove to be moot and academic, the imposition of the disqualification from public office may still be done. Constitutional law expert Paolo Tamase has a similar opinion describing the issue "open question". Tamase cites the second impeachment of U.S. President Donald Trump in 2021 where the United States Senate still proceeded with the trial despite Trump already ending his first term. Tamase asserts that Article XI, Section 3(7) is based on the American constitution. ^[78]

The terms of 12 senators are set to expire on June 30, 2025. If the Senate convenes as a court in the next 20th Congress, these lawmakers will not take part unless if they win a fresh mandate in the 2025 election.

Key
	Term expiring on June 30, 2025
	Term expiring on June 30, 2025 (term-limited)

	Senator	Party	Bloc	Article of Impeachment
				1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th
	Nancy Binay	UNA	Independent	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Alan Peter Cayetano	Independent	Independent	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Pia Cayetano	Nacionalista	Majority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Ronald dela Rosa	PDP	Majority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	JV Ejercito	NPC	Independent	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Francis Escudero	NPC	Majority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Win Gatchalian	NPC	Independent	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Bong Go	PDP	Majority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Risa Hontiveros	Akbayan	Minority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Lito Lapid	NPC	Majority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Loren Legarda	NPC	Independent	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Imee Marcos	Nacionalista	Majority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Robin Padilla	PDP	Majority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Koko Pimentel	Nacionalista	Minority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Grace Poe	Independent	Majority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Bong Revilla	Lakas	Majority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Francis Tolentino	PFP	Majority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Raffy Tulfo	Independent	Majority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Joel Villanueva	Independent	Independent	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Cynthia Villar	Nacionalista	Majority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Mark Villar	Nacionalista	Majority	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD
	Migz Zubiri	Independent	Independent	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD

Analysis

Antonio Soriano of the Citizens' Watch for Good Governance questioned the "shotgun" approach of the impeachment complaint. Soriano says that intent regarding Duterte's threat against the president has to be proven. He also believes that Duterte's action under the capacity of mayor of Davao City cannot be used for grounds for her impeachment and details of her alleged misused of confidential funds cannot be publicly disclosed. ^[79] Soriano even speculated that the motions might even benefit a potential electoral bid of Duterte in the upcoming 2028 elections. ^[79]

The impeachment procedure is seen gaining traction in the House of Representatives, but the same is not certain in the Senate, as a two-thirds supermajority of 16 out of 24 votes is needed to convict Duterte. ^{[79] [80]}

Ronald Llamas of the Galahad Consulting Agency, and political advisor of former president Benigno Aquino III believes the delaying the impeachment proceedings to after the 2025 mid-term elections would render Marcos a lame-duck president. Llamas said that Marcos's earlier pronouncement to discourage impeachment proceedings can either be taken "at face value" or as a "tactical move" ^[81] He previously said in August 2024 that formal impeachment proceedings were likely to begin before the 2025 election. ^[82]

Response

The Office of the President on December 3 distanced itself from the issue and reiterated its stance of discouraging any impeachment motion against Duterte, stating that it was the right of private citizens to make such moves. ^[83] Senate President Chiz Escudero had advised his colleagues not to make public pronouncements about the impeachment complaints. ^[81]

The Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) on December 4 announced plans to hold a rally to oppose the impeachment efforts concurring with President Marcos's stance in November 2024 that efforts to remove Duterte from office is unconstructive. ^[84] On January 13, 2025, more than 1.5 million INC members went to the "National Rally for Peace" at the Quirino Grandstand in Manila; 12 simultaneous rallies were also staged across the country. ^{[85] [86] [87]} Among the politicians who attended the rally at the Quirino Grandstand were Manila mayor Honey Lacuna, former Manila mayor Isko Moreno, partylist representative Rodante Marcoleta, and senators Francis Tolentino, Ronald dela Rosa, Bong Go and Robin Padilla. ^{[88] [89] [90] [91]} Bisaya Gyud Partylist first nominee Greco Belgica and Senatorial aspirants Jimmy Bondoc and Phillip Salvador, all of whom are Partido Demokratiko Pilipino (PDP) members, also attended the rally with PDP committee heads Astra Pimentel-Naik and Penny Belmonte. ^{[92] [93] [94]} Actress Vivian Velez, a PDP member who has expressed displeasure with Marcos's presidency, was among the rally's attendees, stating to SMNI's Newsblast that "I guess we will only have peace if president Marcos steps down". ^[95]

After the impeachment motion was passed in the House of Representatives, Sara Duterte said in an address that being rejected by a romantic partner was worse than the impeachment itself, while uttering "God save the Philippines". ^[96]

If Duterte is convicted, Marcos could select among the qualified members of the House of Representatives and Senate to fill the vacancy. ^[97] She would also be ineligible to run for any public position in future elections, including the presidency. ^[98]

Opinion polling

Support for Duterte's impeachment (December 12–18, 2024)
according to the Social Weather Stations (SWS) ^[99]

Region	Agree (for impeachment)	Disagree (against impeachment)	Undecided	Don't know enough	Net
Philippines (national)	41%	35%	19%	5%	+6
National Capital Region	45%	37%	14%	4%	+8
Balance Luzon	50%	25%	18%	7%	+25
— North Luzon	53%	21%	23%	3%	+32
— Central Luzon	44%	31%	18%	8%	+13
— South Luzon	52%	24%	16%	8%	+28
Visayas	40%	33%	24%	7%	+4
Mindanao	22%	56%	18%	4%	-34
Locale	Agree (for impeachment)	Disagree (against impeachment)	Undecided	Don't know enough	Net
Urban	41%	37%	17%	4%	+4
Rural	41%	33%	20%	6%	+8
Socio-economic class	Agree (for impeachment)	Disagree (against impeachment)	Undecided	Don't know enough	Net
Classes A, B, C	50%	34%	14%	2%	+16
Class D	41%	35%	19%	5%	+6
Class E	37%	36%	20%	7%	+1

• Sample size: 2,160, Margin of error: ±2

Notes

1. Verified as impeachment complainant on February 6, 2025. ^[58]

See also

• Trial of Joseph Estrada
• Efforts to impeach Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
• Efforts to impeach Rodrigo Duterte
• Impeachment of Renato Corona
• Impeachment of Merceditas Gutierrez

References

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External links

• Verified Complaint for Impeachment filed by the House of Representative (19th Congress) hosted on Wikimedia Commons