Antipolo, officially the City of Antipolo (Filipino: Lungsod ng Antipolo), is a component city and capital of the province of Rizal, Philippines.[5] According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 887,399 people.[3] It is the most populous city in Rizal Province and in Calabarzon region, and the seventh most-populous city in the Philippines. It is also the most populated city under the component city status.[6]
Its higher elevation than that of Metro Manila affords it a scenic view of the metropolitan area, especially at night. Its locally grown mangoes and cashews are popular among tourists, as well as suman – a local delicacy made out of glutinous rice. The Hinulugang Taktak National Park, which was once a popular summer get-away is being restored to become again one of the city's primary attractions because it was devastated by a typhoon.[7]
Etymology
Artocarpus camansi, a close relative of the tipulo tree
The city was named after the breadfruit tree (Artocarpus blancoi) which in Tagalog is antipulo or tipulo, which was in abundance in the area. It is highly similar to the kamansi plant or Artocarpus camansi.
History
Spanish colonial era
Franciscanmissionaries arrived in Antipolo in 1578, and built a small church on what is now Boso-Boso Church. They were soon replaced in 1591 by the Jesuits, who organized the village into a parish. By 1601, The Christian population of Antipolo had grown to about 3,000 as the indigenous Dumagat population dwindled and moved deeper into the interiors.
An uprising of Manila's Chinese residents reached Antipolo in 1602. It led to the razing of the church.
On March 25, 1626, the image now known as the Virgin of Antipolo was brought from Acapulco, New Spain (now Mexico) by Governor-GeneralJuan Niño de Tabora, who relinquished the image to the Jesuits for Antipolo's church.
In 1650, the village was organized into a town and became part of Tondo Province. When the province was divided in 1853, Antipolo became a part of the District of San Mateo de los Montes, which later became the District of Morong.
Later in the 1700s, discharged soldiers and deserters (from Mexico, Spain and Peru) were providing Indios military training for the weapons that had been disseminated all over the territory during the British Occupation of Manila as they disperesed across the provinces surrounding Manila, uncluding Antipolo, Rizal.[8]
The Recollects took over Antipolo in 1864. It was during these years that the Virgin of Antipolo gained a following of devotees. Devotees from Manila and nearby towns and provinces flocked to Antipolo on foot, carryinghammocks, trekking along mountain trails and springs.
American invasion era
During the First Republic, the town served as the capital of Morong, until it was occupied by the Americans on June 4, 1899; the Revolutionary Government then transferred Morong's capital to Tanay. Soon after, the Americans established a civil government in 1901, Valentin Sumulong became the first municipal president. On June 11, 1901, Antipolo was incorporated into the newly established Province of Rizal, which included towns of Morong District and Manila Province. In 1903, the nearby towns of Bosoboso and Teresa were merged with Antipolo.[9] The town's territory was expanded again in 1913 to add the sitios of Mayamot and Bulao; just to lose Teresa six years later to become an independent municipality. The Manila Railroad Company (currently Philippine National Railways) inaugurated a railway service to Antipolo on December 24, 1908.
Long before the LRT Line 2 finally opened its services in Santolan in the Pasig-Marikina border in 2004, steam train services had once served those places in the past, even before World War II.
In Marikina, there is a street named "Daangbakal", also called by the names of "Shoe Avenue Extension", "Munding Avenue" and "Bagong Silang". There is also a similar "Daangbakal" in the San Mateo-Montalban (Rodriguez) area, and on the maps one can notice that the two roads should have been connected with each other. In fact, as the name suggests in Tagalog, these streets were once a single railway line. The two sides of the "Daangbakal" roads were once connected by a bridge in the San Mateo-Marikina border. However, as the railroad tracks have been largely ignored after the Japanese occupation and was transformed into separate highways, the railway connection was abandoned.
The old railroad tracks, called the Marikina Line, were connected from Tutuban station in Manila, passing through Tramo (Barangay Rosario, Pasig) coming all the way to the town of Marikina up to Montalban. On the northern end of the "Daangbakal" road in Montalban is a basketball court. That basketball court which stands today, surrounded by the Montalban Catholic Church and Cemetery, was once the railway station terminus of that particular line.
The present-day Santo Niño Elementary School in Marikina was said to be a train depot. And also it was said that a railroad station once stood in the Marikina City Sports Park.
The Marikina Line was completed in 1906, and continued its operation until 1936. It was said that the Japanese Imperial Army made use of this railway line during the Second World War. These railways were dismantled during the 1960s and were converted into ordinary roads.
Today, the citizens are dependent on tricycles, jeepneys, taxis, UV Express services, buses and AUVs, which contribute to the everyday unbearable traffic of Metropolitan Manila. Even now there is uncertainty concerning the Northrail project, which is to link Manila to the northern provinces of Luzon, owing to corruption within the project's construction.
Daangbakal Road, interchangeably Taktak Road. The Remains of the terminus of the former railway line is situated near the Hinulugang Taktak falls.
Aside from the Marikina Line, two other lines have existed before but are now removed permanently. These are the Cavite Line, which passed through Paco, Parañaque, Bacoor and up to Naic, Cavite. Completed in 1908, its operation continued until 1936. The other is the Antipolo Line, which passed through Santa Mesa, Mandaluyong, Pasig, Cainta, Taytay, up to Antipolo near the "Hinulugang Taktak" Falls. Its operation ceased in 1917. There is a street named "Daangbakal" in Antipolo; there, as with the "Daangbakal" roads on Marikina and San Mateo, a railway line once existed. The railroad tracks also passed through what is now the Ortigas Avenue Extension.
Japanese occupation era
During the start of the Second World War in the Philippines, Antipolo became a refugee destination for many citizens from Manila and its suburbs who sought to avoid the Japanese invaders vying to occupy the Philippine capital. Also, two guerrilla units operated in the town against the Japanese. They were the Hunters ROTC under Miguel Ver and Terry Adevoso and the Marking Filipino and American Troops, which were established and led by Marcos Villa Agustin, more popularly known under the name Brig. Gen. Agustin Marking. Many inhabitants were tortured and killed by the Japanese, including Mayor Pascual Oliveros and his son Reynaldo, Padre Eusebio Carreon, Padre Ariston Ocampo, Sis. Ma. Elizabeth Cagulanas, RVM, Sis. Ma. Consuelo Recio, RVM; Ambrosio Masangkay, Alfonso Oliveros and Atty. Francisco C. Gedang Sr.
The liberation of Antipolo from the Japanese forces was bloody and devastating. On February 17, 1945, Mambugan, Antipolo was heavily bombarded by American planes. Antipolo residents evacuated to Sitio Colaique and up to the towns of Angono, Santolan and Marikina. To protect the image from being destroyed, Procopio Angeles, then the sacristan mayor, and members of the community brought with them the Virgin of Antipolo. The bombings on March 6–7, 1945, destroyed the church, and after twelve days of battle, the combined American and Filipino soldiers under the United States Army, Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary and aided the local recognized guerrillas of the Hunters ROTC and Marking's Filipino-American Troops (MFAT) liberated the town on March 12, 1945. The general headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary was stationed in Antipolo from March 1945 to June 1946 was built today and operates during and after the war was fought the Japanese and they helping guerrillas and Allies. After the war, a temporary church was built and the Virgin of Antipolo was returned from the Quiapo Church on October 15, 1945.
Philippine independence
Religious devotees began to flock to the town, and on May 6, 1947, the first procession of the Virgin of Antipolo was held, starting at the hills of Pinagmisahan. In the following year, a national committee was formed to undertake a nationwide fund-raising campaign to rebuild the Cathedral of Antipolo.
In the 1960s the town proper, or poblacion, was widened and the Sumulong Highway was constructed. In the 1970s, the Marikina–Infanta Road, better known as the Marcos Highway, was constructed, traversing the mountains of Antipolo.
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Antipolo was created on June 25, 1983, with Rev. Protacio G. Gungon, D.D. as the first bishop of the diocese.
Provincial capital
On March 4, 2009, a new capitol building was inaugurated in the city to replace the old capitol in Pasig.[10]
On June 19, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11475, designating Antipolo City as the official capital of Rizal province, replacing Pasig that held the title since the province's creation in 1901 even after its incorporation to Metro Manila in 1975. It took effect on July 7, 2020.[11]
Cityhood
Sen. L. Sumulong Memorial Circle, also known as Circumferential Road
On February 13, 1998, Republic Act No. 8508 was enacted, Antipolo was converted from a municipality into a component city of Rizal Province on April 4, 1998.[12]
Highly urbanized city
On March 14, 2011, then-PresidentBenigno Aquino III declared the city as a highly-urbanized city by virtue of Proclamation No. 124, series of 2011.[13] However, the proclamation has yet to be ratified in a plebiscite.
Geography
Aerial view of western Antipolo
Antipolo is in the northern half of Rizal Province, close to its meridional center.[14] It is located on the slopes of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range. Much of the city sits on a plateau averaging 200 meters (660ft). It has the second-largest city area in the province, with an area of 156.68km2 (60.49sqmi). The northern and southern sections of the city are in the dense forest areas of the Sierra Madre.[15]
The Bitukang Manok of Pasig—also known as the Parian Creek—had once linked the Marikina River with the Antipolo River before the Manggahan Floodway was built in 1986.[16] The Parian Creek was actually connected to the Sapang Bato-Buli Creek (which serves as the boundary between Pasig's barangays Dela Paz-Manggahan-Rosario-Santa Lucia and the Municipality of Cainta), the Kasibulan Creek (situated at Vista Verde, Barangay San Isidro, Cainta), the Palanas Creek (leaving Antipolo through Barangay Muntindilao), the Bulaw Creek (on Barangay Mambungan, besides the Valley Golf and Country Club), and the "Hinulugang Taktak" Falls of Barangay Dela Paz (fed by the Taktak Creek passing close to the Antipolo town square), thus being the detached and long-abandoned Antipolo River.
The Antipoleños and several locals from the far-reached barrios of "Poblacion de San Mateo", "Montalban" (Rodriguez), "Monte de Tan-ay" (Tanay), "Santa Rosa-Oroquieta" (Teresa), and "Punta Ibayo" (Baras), had also navigated this freshwater creek once to go down to the vast "Kapatagan" (Rice plains) of lowland Pasig. Even the marianprocessions of the Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage passed this route back and forth eleven times.
The Sepoys turned against their British lieutenants and sided with the combined forces of the Spanish overseas officials (assigned by the Governor-General Simon de Anda y Salazar), Filipino rice farmers, fisherfolk, and Chinese traders.
Antipolo enjoys a slightly cooler weather compared to nearby Metro Manila due to its altitude of 156m above sea level. However, it can be as hot during the El Niño.
Barangays
Political map of Antipolo
Antipolo is politically subdivided into 16 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
The area where the boundaries of Barangays Dela Paz, San Isidro, San Jose and San Roque meet is the city proper referred to in Tagalog as bayan.
Antipolo's population in the 2015 census was enumerated at 776,386 inhabitants. It grew at an annual rate of 4.19 percent from the 2000 figure. The annual population growth rate has slowed somewhat in recent years, but it remains above the annual national average of 2.04 percent.[18] The 2007 figure was three times the population of the city in 1990. Antipolo is the most populated city in the Philippines under a component city status.
Residents of the city mainly speak Tagalog. Very minor communities of the indigenous Dumagat people can be found in Barangay Calawis and the sitios Old Boso-Boso, San Isidro, San Jose and Kaysakat in Barangay San Jose.[23][24]
Religion
A close-up shot of the Antipolo Cathedral, declared as an international shrine
The city is popular for being a pilgrimage site.[26] It prides itself as the "Pilgrimage Capital of the Philippines".[27] The Marian image of the Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage or the Virgin of Antipolo, which was brought in from Mexico in 1626, and enshrined in the Antipolo Cathedral has a continuous following among Filipino Catholics since the Spanish colonial era.[28] A popular custom of pilgrimages to the Virgin of Antipolo is the trek going to its shrine on the eves of Good Friday and May 1, from various locations in Rizal Province and Metro Manila. The most notable of these pilgrimages would begin the trek from the Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene (Quiapo Church), in Quiapo, Manila following the procession of the image.[29] There is also an existing custom to have new cars blessed at the church in the belief that this will ensure the safety of the car and its passengers, and also preferred by outgoing OFWs to ensure their success iabroad.[30]
Economy
Poverty incidence of Antipolo
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Antipolo is classified as a First Class City as of last local government income classification of the Department of Finance in 2008.[39]
In 2007, the city registered a total revenue of ₱993.1 million, an increase of 5.6 percent from the previous fiscal year; in 2010 this amount has grown to ₱1.56 billion.[13] Its proximity to Metro Manila has continuously spurred the growth of the real estate industry and by 2007, revenue from real property taxes has ballooned by 32.1 percent from 2006 to ₱146.2 million as there are also about 456 residential subdivisions in the city.[40]
During the mid-2010s, Antipolo has experienced rapid growth mainly attributed to the local government's streamlining of business applications, improved public services, and transparency.
In the latest 2022 COA Annual Financial Report released in late-2023, Antipolo ranked as 14th richest city in the Philippines in terms of assets,[41] surpassing Metro Manila cities Pasay, Valenzuela, and Las Piñas; and regional cities Puerto Princesa and Baguio. Removing Highly Urbanized Cities (HUCs) in the list, Antipolo stands as the 2nd richest component city in the country, trailing Laoag City by only ₱2 billion pesos in difference.
A busy M.L. Quezon Street, in uptown Antipolo
Antipolo is an economically decentralized city with major economic centers located in key areas. The city's upland poblacion area also include Robinsons Antipolo, Walter Mart, a Shopwise, iMall, Victory Park and Shop, and a Vista Mall. Meanwhile, the downtown has SM Masinag, SM Center Antipolo Downtown (formerly SM Cherry Antipolo) and a Xentro Mall. The city is also dotted with Wilcon Depot centers and an AllHome. Both the upland and downtown areas have their own wet and dry marketplaces. The upcoming Antipolo City Government Center in Cabading is also expected to spur growth near the city's geographical center.
Facade of City HallThe newly-built City Hall Annex building, adjacent to the old City Hall
As a component city and the capital of the Province of Rizal, government officials in the provincial level are voted by the electorates of the city. The provincial government have political jurisdiction over local transactions of the city government.
Similar to other cities in the Philippines, the government structure of Antipolo is prescribed in the Local Government Code of 1991, and further codified in its city charter. It is headed by a city mayor, who serves as its chief executive and exercises overall supervision of its administrative agencies.
Its second-highest official, the city vice mayor, primarily serves as presiding officer of the Sangguniang Panlungsod and assumes the position of city mayor in the event of its vacancy. As presiding officer of the Sangguniang Panlungsod, the vice mayor does not vote except in cases to break a tie.
The city's Sangguniang Panlungsod or city council is composed of 16 elected members, two ex officio officers and an option to have at most three sectoral representatives. The 16 barangays Antipolo is divided into are grouped into two districts. Each of these districts elect at-large eight city councilors, while the two ex officio officers are the city's Liga ng mga Barangay president and Sangguniang Kabataan Federation president.
Apart from legislating city ordinances, it also reviews the ordinances enacted by its barangays and makes recommendations for modification if they are found to be inconsistent with existing laws and city ordinances. On the other hand, ordinances and certain resolutions of the Sangguniang Panlungsod are transmitted to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Rizal for compliance review.
Barangays are also headed by elected officials: Barangay Captain, Barangay Council, whose members are called Barangay Councilors. The barangays have SK federation which represents the barangay, headed by SK chairperson and whose members are called SK councilors.
Elective city officials serve a term of three years and may serve up to three consecutive terms.
The Department of Education maintains a school division in Antipolo, which supervises the 65 public schools (45 elementary schools, 20 high schools) in addition to 193 accredited private schools.
Other colleges include College of San Benildo - Rizal, ACLC, AMA University Computer College - East Rizal, World Citi Colleges, and ICCT Colleges.
The Antipolo Institute of Technology or AiTech, established by the city government in 2014, is the first CHED-recognized Higher Education Institution (HEI) among Local Colleges and Universities (LUCs). It is the first college in the Philippines offering Bachelor in Construction Engineering Technology and Management (BCETM).[44]
Public Secondary Schools
Antipolo National High School
Antipolo City Senior High School
Antipolo City National Science & Technology High School
Bagong Nayon II National High School
Dela Paz National High School
San Isidro National High School
Muntindilaw National High School
Mambugan National High School
Mayamot National High School
Cupang National High School
San Jose National High School
Calawis National High School
San Juan National High School
San Roque National High School
Marcelino M. Santos National High School
Dalig National High School
Maximo L. Gatlabayan Memorial National High School
A significant part of the N59/R-6Marikina–Infanta Highway runs through Antipolo in a general west-east direction, serving as a major thoroughfare in the city. Other major roads in Antipolo include N59Sumulong Highway connecting Marikina to downtown Antipolo, the latter area being defined by the circumferential L. Sumulong Memorial Circle road.
Antipolo station, located along the Marikina-Infanta Highway in Masinag (Barangay Mayamot in western Antipolo), serves as the LRT Line 2's eastern terminus since 2021. It is currently the only LRT-2 station in Rizal. Proposals have been made for a future extension of Line 2 further east from this station.[45]
Rizal, officially the Province of Rizal, is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its capital is the city of Antipolo. It is about 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) east of Manila. The province is named after José Rizal, one of the main national heroes of the Philippines. It is bordered by Metro Manila to the west, Bulacan to the north, Quezon to the east and Laguna to the southeast. The province also lies on the northern shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the country. Rizal is a mountainous province perched on the western slopes of the southern portion of the Sierra Madre mountain range.
Rodriguez, officially the Municipality of Rodriguez and still commonly known by its former name Montalban, is a municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 443,954 people making it the most populous municipality in the country. Pending an affirmation through plebiscite, Republic Act No. 11812 repealed Batas Pambansa Blg. 275 and intend to formally revert to its original municipal name Montalban.
Pasig, officially the City of Pasig, is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 803,159 people.
Marikina, officially the City of Marikina, is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 456,159 people.
San Mateo, officially the Municipality of San Mateo, is a municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 273,306.
Cainta, officially the Municipality of Cainta, is a municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 376,933 people.
Teresa, officially the Municipality of Teresa, is a municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 64,072 people.
Taytay, officially the Municipality of Taytay, is a municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. It is also known as the Garments Capital of the Philippines.
Tanay, officially the Municipality of Tanay, is a municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 139,420 people.
Baras, officially the Municipality of Baras, is a municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 87,637 people.
Cardona, officially the Municipality of Cardona, is a municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 50,143 people.
Morong, officially the Municipality of Morong, is a municipality located in the province of Rizal, Philippines. As per the 2020 census, Morong has a population of 71,151 people.
Pililla, officially the Municipality of Pililla, is a municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 71,535 people. It is surrounded by farms, small mountains, plains, and trees. Pililla is known as the Green Field Municipality of Rizal.
Calauag, officially the Municipality of Calauag, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 71,809 people.
The Sapang Baho River is a river system that runs through Rizal Province and Marikina in the Philippines. The name, when literally translated, means "smelly creek". It is one of 21 tributaries of Laguna de Bay and is regularly monitored by the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) through one of its 15 river monitoring stations. Among its headwaters are the Hinulugang Taktak falls on the Taktak River in Antipolo city, once a famed tourist destination in the days before urbanization and pollution.
The Sumulong Highway is a highway in the Philippines connecting Marikina in Metro Manila with Antipolo and Cainta in the province of Rizal. Constructed in 1960, it is named after Don Juan Sumulong, an Antipolo native who served as the country's senator and founder of the Democrata Party.
Manila, also known as Tondo until 1859, was a province of the Philippines that encompassed the former pre-Hispanic polities of Tondo, Maynila, and Namayan. In 1898, it comprised the city of Manila and 23 other municipalities. In 1901, the province was dissolved, with the city of Manila absorbing six of its smaller neighboring municipalities. The remaining part was merged with the adjacent district of Morong to form the province of Rizal.
Ortigas Avenue is a 12.1 km (7.5 mi) highway connecting eastern Metro Manila and western Rizal in the Philippines. It is one of the busiest highways in Metro Manila, serving as the main thoroughfare of the metro's east–west corridor, catering mainly to traffic to and from Rizal.
The Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape is a protected area in the Province of Rizal in the Philippines, which forms the upper area of the drainage basin of the Marikina River.
Morong was an administrative division of the Philippines that existed as a politico-military district created out of parts of the provinces of Tondo and Laguna on February 23, 1853, by a decree of the Superior Gobierno, composing Morong, Pililla, Tanay, Baras, Binangonan, Jalajala, Angono and Cardona from Laguna; and Antipolo, Boso-Boso, Cainta and Taytay from Tondo. The offices were housed at a building now known as Comandancia. Its first military governor was Francisco Turrentigue.
↑ Philippine News Agency (November 14, 1959). "Liberals win 5 more seats". The Manila Times. The Manila Times Publishing Company, Inc. Reelectionist Isaias Tapales won the mayoralty race in this hometown of Sen. Lorenzo Sumulong with a plurality of 128 votes over his closest rival, Jose Oliveros.
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