Cavite City | |
---|---|
City of Cavite | |
Clockwise from top: New Cavite City Hall, Old Cavite City Hall, San Roque Parish Church, Heroes' Arch, and the Thirteen Martyrs Monument | |
Nicknames:
| |
Motto(s): Para Dios y Patria ("For God and Country") | |
Location within the Philippines | |
Coordinates: 14°29′N120°54′E / 14.48°N 120.9°E | |
Country | Philippines |
Region | Calabarzon |
Province | Cavite |
District | 1st district |
Settled | May 16, 1571 |
Founded | 1614 |
Cityhood | September 7, 1940 |
Barangays | 84 (see Barangays) |
Government | |
• Type | Sangguniang Panlungsod |
• Mayor | Denver Christopher R. Chua |
• Vice Mayor | Benzen Raleigh G. Rusit |
• Representative | Ramon Jolo Revilla |
• City Council | Members |
• Electorate | 71,003 voters (2022) |
Area | |
• Total | 10.89 km2 (4.20 sq mi) |
• Rank | 143rd out of 145 |
Elevation | 15 m (49 ft) |
Highest elevation | 169 m (554 ft) |
Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
Population (2020 census) [3] | |
• Total | 100,674 |
• Density | 9,200/km2 (24,000/sq mi) |
• Households | 27,473 |
Economy | |
• Income class | 4th city income class |
• Poverty incidence | 12.71 |
• Revenue | ₱ 806.3 million (2022) |
• Assets | ₱ 2,082 million (2022) |
• Expenditure | ₱ 659.6 million (2022) |
• Liabilities | ₱ 412.8 million (2022) |
Service provider | |
• Electricity | Manila Electric Company (Meralco) |
Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
ZIP code | 4100, 4101, 4125 |
PSGC | |
IDD : area code | +63 (0)46 |
Native languages | Chavacano Tagalog |
Major religions | |
Catholic diocese | Diocese of Imus |
Patron saint | |
Website | www |
Cavite City, officially the City of Cavite (Chavacano : Ciudad de Cavite and Filipino : Lungsod ng Kabite) is a component city in the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 100,674 people. [3]
The city was the capital of Cavite Province from its establishment in 1614 until the title was transferred to the newly created, more accessible city of Trece Martires in 1954. Cavite City was originally a small port town, Cavite Puerto, that prospered during the early Spanish colonial period, when it served as the main seaport of Manila. Cavite Puerto hosted the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade, along with other large sea-bound ships. Thereafter, San Roque and La Caridad, two formerly independent towns in Cavite province, [5] were annexed by the city. Today, Cavite City includes the communities of San Antonio (Cañacao and Sangley Point), [6] the southern districts of Santa Cruz and Dalahican, and the outlying islands of the province, such as the historic Corregidor Island.
The city has been known by at least two Tagalog names. The first, Tangway, was the name given to the area by Tagalog settlers. Tangway means "peninsula." The second is Kawit or "hook," referring to the hook-shaped landform along the coast of Bacoor Bay, [6] and from which the Chinese Keit and Spanish Cavite are derived. [7]
The early inhabitants of Cavite City were the Tagalogs ruled by the Kampilan and the bullhorn of a datu, the tribal form of government.[ citation needed ] According to folklore, the earliest settlers came from Borneo, led by Gat Hinigiw and his wife Dayang Kaliwanag, who bore seven children.[ citation needed ] Archaeological evidence in the coastal areas shows prehistoric settlements.[ citation needed ]
On May 16, 1571, the Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi declared the region a royal encomienda, or royal land grant.[ citation needed ] Spanish colonizers settled in the most populated area (present-day Kawit) and called it Cavite. The old Tangway at the tip of the Cavite Peninsula, across Bacoor Bay, was referred to as Cavite la Punta, meaning "Point of Cavite" or Cavite Point. Upon discovering that, because of its deep waters, Cavite la Punta was a suitable place for the repair and construction of Spanish galleons, the Spanish moved their settlement there and called it Cavite Nuevo (New Cavite) or just Cavite. The first settlement was renamed "Cavite Viejo" (and in the early 20th century, regained its former name, Kawit). In 1582, the Spanish founded Cavite City with 65 Spanish households. [8]
In 1590, the Spaniards fortified Cavite Nuevo/Cavite City with murallas (high thick curtain walls) on its western, northern, and eastern sides, while Bacoor Bay remained open to the south. Fort Guadalupe was built at the same time on the eastern tip, and the town became the Puerto de Cavite (Port of Cavite) or Cavite Puerto. The Fort of San Felipe Neri and the Porta Vaga Gate began construction in 1595 and were completed in 1602. Puerta Vaga (corrupted to Porta Vaga) was the port city's barbican, the only principal entrance from San Roque in the west. It was flanked by the western wall, protected by two bastions at its northern and southern ends. The wall and gate were also separated from the mainland by a moat, which made the town like an island. [9]
Cavite was legally founded in 1614 with Tomás Salazar as the earliest known gobernadorcillo recorded. [9] At the same time, the town became the capital of the new politico-military province of Cavite, established also in 1614. [10] Like some other provinces during the Spanish era, the province adopted the name of its capital town – e.g., Bulacan, Bulacan province; Tayabas, Tayabas (today, Quezon province); Tarlac, Tarlac province; and Manila, Manila province.
San Roque was founded as a separate town in 1614. In 1663, during the Spanish evacuation of Ternate, Indonesia, the 200 families of mixed Mexican-Filipino-Spanish and Papuan-Indonesian-Portuguese descent who had ruled over the Christianized Sultanate of Ternate, including their Christian-convert Sultan, [11] were relocated to the cities of Ternate (Cavite province), Ermita, Manila, and San Roque (Cavite province). [12]
In subsequent years, Latin-American soldiers from Mexico were deployed at Cavite: 70 soldiers in 1636; 89 in 1654; 225 in 1670; and 211 in 1672. [13]
San Roque was later placed under the civil administration of Cavite until it was granted the right to be a separate and independent municipality in 1720. La Caridad, formerly known as La Estanzuela of San Roque, separated and was legally founded as a town in 1868. The Spanish Governor General Jose de la Gardana granted the petition of the people led by Don Justo Miranda to make Barrio La Estanzuela an independent town.
By the end of the 1700s, Cavite was the main port of Manila and was a province of 5,724 native families and 859 Spanish Filipino families. [14] : 539 [15] : 31, 54, 113
As the town grew, it developed a cosmopolitan reputation, and attracted various religious orders to set up churches, convents, and hospitals within the confines of the fortified city center. The Franciscan Hospital de San Jose (Saint Joseph Hospital) was built for sailors and soldiers in 1591. The San Diego de Alcala Convent was built in 1608, followed by the Convents of Porta Vaga (La Ermita), Our Lady of Loreto (Jesuit), San Juan de Dios (St. John of God), Santo Domingo (Dominicans), Santa Monica (Recollects), and San Pedro, the port's parish church. The fortified town enclosed eight churches, the Jesuit college of San Ildefonso, public buildings and residences, all meant to serve the needs of its population of natives, soldiers and workers at the port, transients, and passengers aboard galleons. [9]
During this period, the city was called "Tierra de Maria Santisima" (Land of Most Holy Mary) because of the popularity of the Marian devotion.[ citation needed ] Plazas and parks abounded: Plaza de Armas (across from San Felipe Fort), Plaza de San Pedro (across from the church), Plaza Soledad (across from Porta Vaga), and Plaza del Reparo (bayside).
The Port of Cavite (Puerto de Cavite) was linked to the history of world trade. Spanish galleons passed back and forth every July between Acapulco (Mexico) and Cavite. Galleons and other heavy ocean-going ships were not able to enter the Port of Manila along the Pasig River because of a sand bar that only allows light vessels to reach the river-port. For this reason, the Port of Cavite was regarded as the Port of Manila, [16] the main seaport of the capital city. [17]
At the height of the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade, the Port of Cavite was the arrival and departure port of the Spanish galleons that brought many foreign travelers (mostly Spaniards and Latinos) to its shores. [18] [19] The Port of Cavite was fondly called Ciudad de Oro Macizo meaning the "City of Solid Gold". The Chinese emperor once sent some of his men to the place they called Keit (Cavite) to search for gold. [7] Marilola Perez, in her 2015 Thesis "Cavite Chabacano Philippine Creole Spanish: Description and Typology", describes a large number of Mexicans settling in Cavite and spreading to Luzon, integrating into the local population and leading peasant revolts. [20] Mexicans weren't the only Latin Americans in Cavite, as there were also a fair number of other Latin Americans. One of these was the Puerto Rican Alonso Ramirez, who became a sailor in Cavite, and published an influential early Latin American novel entitled "Infortunios de Alonso Ramirez" [21]
Between 1609 and 1616 the galleons Espiritu Santo and San Miguel were constructed in the shipyard of the port, called the Astillero de Rivera (Rivera Shipyard of Cavite), sometimes spelled as Ribera. [17]
The narrow San Roque isthmus or causeway (now M. Valentino Street) connected Cavite Puerto to San Roque, its only border town. Maps from the 17th century show that this narrow isthmus was once as wide as the town itself. [22] Problems with rising water and the encroaching waves that plagued Cavite Puerto likely eroded the land into a narrow isthmus. [23]
Spain turned the port over to the Americans after the Treaty of Paris of 1898. At the start of the American era, Cavite Puerto became the seat of the U.S. Naval Forces in the Philippines. It was redesigned to make way for modern ships and armaments. The historical structures, like Fort Guadalupe, were demolished, along with most of Fort San Felipe. [9]
Local government administration was reorganized under the Presidentes municipales with the direct supervision of American army officers (the first being Colonel Meade). The first Filipino Presidentes municipales were appointed: Don Zacaria Fortich for Cavite Puerto, Don Francisco Basa for San Roque, and Don Pedro Raqueño Bautista for Caridad.
In 1900, the Caviteños held their first election under the American regime. Each pueblo or town elected local officials: Presidente municipal, Vice-Presidente municipal and a Consejo (council) composed of Consejales (councilors). Don Gregorio Basa was elected as the Presidente Municipal of present-day Cavite City.
In 1901, the Philippine Commission approved a municipal code as the organic law of all local governments throughout the country. In its implementation in 1903, the three separate pueblos of Cavite Puerto, San Roque, and La Caridad were merged into one municipality, which was called the Municipality of Cavite. By virtue of a legislative act promulgated by the First Philippine Assembly, Cavite was again made the capital of the province. Subsequently, its territory was enlarged to include the district of San Antonio and the island of Corregidor. The Municipality of Cavite functioned as a civil government whose officials consisted of a Presidente Municipal, a Vice-Presidente Municipal and ten Consejales duly elected by the qualified voters of the municipality.
In 1909, Executive Order No. 124, of Governor-General W. Cameron Forbes, declared the Act No. 1748 annexing Corregidor and the islands of Caballo (Fort Hughes), La Monja, El Fraile (Fort Drum), Santa Amalia, Carabao (Fort Frank) and Limbones, as well as all waters and detached rocks surrounding them, to the Municipality of Cavite.
Under the Philippine Commonwealth, Assemblyman Manuel S. Roxas sponsored Commonwealth Act No. 547, elevating Cavite's status to a chartered city. On September 7, 1940, the executive function of the city was vested in a City Mayor appointed by the President of the Philippine Commonwealth. The legislative body of the City of Cavite was vested on a Municipal Board composed of three electives, two appointives, and two ex-officio councilors, with the City Mayor as the presiding officer.
On December 10, 1941, two days after an attack that had destroyed American air defenses at Clark Field and three days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese Imperial Forces destroyed Cavite Naval Base and bombed Cavite City.
Later, after Japan seized the Philippines, Japanese leaders appointed at least two City Mayors of Cavite City.
The island of Corregidor played an important role during the Japanese invasion of the Philippines. The island was the site of two costly sieges and pitched battles—the first in early 1942, and the second in January, 1945—between the Imperial Japanese Army and the U.S. Army, along with its smaller subsidiary force, the Philippine Army.
In 1945, during the fight to liberate the country from Japan, the US and Philippine Commonwealth militaries bombarded the Japanese forces stationed in the city, completely destroying the old historic port of Cavite. The old walls and the Porta Vaga Gate were damaged. Most of the structures were destroyed, but some of the church towers remained. The city was littered with bomb craters. [24]
After the war, the city's local administration resumed operations. The walls, gates, and ruins of the old city were later removed. Only the bell tower of the Church of Santa Monica of the Augustinian Recollects and the two bastions of Fort San Felipe remain from the old city.
Republic Act No. 981, passed by the Congress of the Philippines in 1954, transferred the capital of the province from Cavite City to the newly established Trece Martires. Subsequently, the city charter was amended. By virtue of an amendment to the charter of Cavite City, the City Mayor, City Vice Mayor and eight councilors were elected by popular vote. The first election of city officials in this way was held in 1963.
The Philippines' gradual postwar recovery took a turn for the worse in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis being an early landmark event. [25] Economic analysts generally attribute the crisis to the ramp-up on loan-funded government spending to promote Ferdinand Marcos’ 1969 reelection campaign. [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] In 1972, one year before the expected end of his last constitutionally allowed term as president, Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines Martial Law. [31] This allowed Marcos to remain in power for fourteen more years, during which Cavite endured many social and economic obstacles. [31] It was around the time Martial Law was declared, in 1972, that Mayor Manuel S. Rojas was assassinated in the nearby town of Bacoor, Cavite. [32]
The excesses of the Marcos Family [31] prompted opposition from various Filipino citizens despite the risks of arrest and torture [33] Victims of human rights abuses during this period included Cavite City resident and University of the Philippines student leader Emmanuel Alvarez. Alvarez, a descendant of Katipunan General Pascual Alvarez, became one of the desaparecidos of Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos when he was accosted by two men believed to be military personnel while commuting from his home in Cavite City on January 6, 1976, and never seen again. [34] He has formally been honored as a hero of Philippine democracy, having had his name etched on the wall of remembrance of the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani. [34]
During the 1986 snap elections, Marcos won against Corazon Aquino in Region IV (which then included the provinces of MIMAROPA) according to the official COMELEC results, but this was disputed by NAMFREL. An exit poll conducted by American election observers found that voters from Cavite City preferred Aquino over Marcos. [35]
In the latter part of the 1960s and early 1970s, the land adjacent to the San Roque isthmus was reclaimed. The new land is now occupied by the San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite and some residential homes. The present Cavite City Hall is built where the north tower of the old western wall once stood, which was already partly reclaimed by 1945. [24]
Half of the old port city, including Fort San Felipe, is now occupied by Naval Base Cavite and is closed to the public. The old historic core of Cavite is now part of the San Roque district, and is referred to today as either Fort San Felipe or Porta Vaga. [6] The former location of the Porta Vaga Gate, the western wall, and its towers is now occupied by the Governor Samonte Park.
A portion of Danila Atienza Air Base was converted into a domestic airport in 2020 called Sangley Point Airport. [36] The airport is planned to be converted into an international airport under the national government's Public-Private Partnership (PPP) program. The original proponent status (OPS) contract was initially awarded to a consortium between MacroAsia Corporation and China Communications Construction Company Ltd., [37] until it was dropped by the provincial government in 2021. [38] After another round of bidding, the contract was awarded to the Yuchengco-led Sangley Point International Airport Consortium in 2022. [39]
Cavite City occupies most of the hook-shaped Cavite Peninsula that juts into Manila Bay. The peninsula is lined by Bacoor Bay to the southeast. The peninsula ends in two tips – Sangley Point and Cavite Point. Cañacao Bay is the body of water formed between the points. Cavite Point was the location of the old historic Port of Cavite. Both Bacoor and Cañacao Bays are inland bays within the larger Manila Bay. The city's only land border is with the Municipality of Noveleta to the south.
The city is the northernmost settlement in the Province of Cavite, which lies southwest from Manila with a direct distance of about 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) but about 35 kilometers (22 mi) overland/by road. Sangley Point, the former location of the United States Sangley Point Naval Base, is the northernmost point of the city, peninsula and province. The former American military naval base has since been converted into a Philippine military base.
The historic island of Corregidor, the adjacent islands and detached rocks of Caballo, Carabao, El Fraile and La Monja found at the mouth of Manila Bay are part of the city's territorial jurisdiction.
Cavite City has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification Aw), with a pronounced dry season from December to April, and a lengthy wet season from May to November that brings abundant rainfall into the city.
Climate data for Cavite City (Danilo Atienza Air Base) 1991–2020, extremes 1974–2023 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 34.8 (94.6) | 35.2 (95.4) | 36.6 (97.9) | 37.8 (100.0) | 38.5 (101.3) | 38.4 (101.1) | 36.4 (97.5) | 36.5 (97.7) | 35.6 (96.1) | 35.8 (96.4) | 36.4 (97.5) | 34.0 (93.2) | 38.5 (101.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.3 (86.5) | 31.1 (88.0) | 32.5 (90.5) | 34.3 (93.7) | 34.1 (93.4) | 33.1 (91.6) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.4 (88.5) | 31.6 (88.9) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.5 (88.7) | 30.5 (86.9) | 32.0 (89.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.8 (82.0) | 29.0 (84.2) | 30.5 (86.9) | 30.7 (87.3) | 29.9 (85.8) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 29.0 (84.2) | 28.7 (83.7) | 27.7 (81.9) | 28.9 (84.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.5 (76.1) | 25.5 (77.9) | 26.8 (80.2) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.7 (80.1) | 26.1 (79.0) | 25.9 (78.6) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26.1 (79.0) | 25.8 (78.4) | 25.0 (77.0) | 25.8 (78.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) | 18.0 (64.4) | 19.1 (66.4) | 21.5 (70.7) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.2 (70.2) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 21.0 (69.8) | 21.5 (70.7) | 20.0 (68.0) | 18.0 (64.4) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 19.9 (0.78) | 20.4 (0.80) | 19.1 (0.75) | 17.7 (0.70) | 149.9 (5.90) | 260.4 (10.25) | 456.5 (17.97) | 514.3 (20.25) | 385.5 (15.18) | 196.9 (7.75) | 109.1 (4.30) | 91.6 (3.61) | 2,241.3 (88.24) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 13 | 18 | 19 | 17 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 114 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 79 | 77 | 75 | 73 | 76 | 80 | 83 | 84 | 84 | 81 | 80 | 80 | 79 |
Source: PAGASA [40] [41] |
The city proper is divided into five districts: Dalahican, Santa Cruz, Caridad, San Antonio, and San Roque. These districts are further subdivided into eight zones and a total of 84 barangays.
Cavite City is politically subdivided into 84 barangays. [42] Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1903 | 16,337 | — |
1918 | 22,169 | +2.06% |
1939 | 38,254 | +2.63% |
1948 | 35,052 | −0.97% |
1960 | 54,891 | +3.81% |
1970 | 75,739 | +3.27% |
1975 | 82,456 | +1.72% |
1980 | 87,666 | +1.23% |
1990 | 91,641 | +0.44% |
1995 | 92,641 | +0.20% |
2000 | 99,367 | +1.51% |
2007 | 104,581 | +0.71% |
2010 | 101,120 | −1.22% |
2015 | 102,806 | +0.32% |
2020 | 100,674 | −0.41% |
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [43] [44] [45] [46] |
According to the 2020 census, the city has a population of 100,674 people, [3] with a density of 9,200 inhabitants per square kilometer or 24,000 inhabitants per square mile.
According to 2000 census data, Christianity is the most prevalent religion in Cavite City, and a majority of Caviteños practice Roman Catholicism. Other Christian religious groups in the city include the Aglipayan Church, Iglesia ni Cristo (I.N.C), Jehovah's Witnesses, United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP), Jesus Is Lord Church (JIL), The United Methodist Church, Presbyterian Churches, Baptists and Bible Fundamental churches, Seventh-day Adventist Church, Members Church of God International or Ang Dating Daan, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, and other UPC churches. A Muslim minority is also present in the city. [47]
The Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga (Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga) is viewed as the patroness of Cavite City. She is revered by Catholics as the Celestial Guardian and Protector of the Province of Cavite since her arrival. The image of Our Lady of Porta Vaga is designated as a National Cultural Treasure [48] by the National Museum. It is the oldest existing Marian painting in the Philippines.
The image of the virgin is painted on a canvas. Mary, clothed in black and white like a lady in mourning, kneels as she contemplates the passion of her son. Before her are the crown of thorns and the nails used during the Crucifixion. An inscription was found on the back of the painting – A doze de Abril 1692 años Juan Oliba puso esta Stma. Ymagen Haqui, which means, "The sacred image was placed here by Juan Oliba on April 12, 1692". This particular icon was used to bless the galleons sailing between Cavite and Acapulco (Mexico) during formal sending off ceremonies, and was also called the Patroness of the Galleons.
The image was originally enshrined at the Ermita de Porta Vaga, a small church adjacent to the Porta Vaga Gate, which was destroyed during World War II. The image is presently enshrined at the San Roque Parish Church, one of the three parishes in the city.
Chabacano is a Spanish-influenced creole language formerly spoken by majority of the people living in the city. Chabacano emerged sometime after the arrival of the first Spaniards and Mexicans in the late 16th century. During this period, the people that lived near the military arsenal in Cavite City communicated with Spaniards and Mexicans and began to incorporate Spanish words into their dialect. Today, a majority of residents speak Tagalog.
Today, Chabacano is generally considered to be dying, with only a fraction of people, mostly elderly, able to speak the language. According to the Philippine professor Alfredo B. German, who wrote a thesis on the grammar of Chabacano, the present conditions do not encourage people to learn the dialect. There are many likely reasons for the diminishing of Chabacano, such as the influx of Tagalog-speaking migrants and intermarriage.
Philippine writer and poet Jesus Balmori expressed himself in Chabacano, and wrote several verses in it. Don Jaime de Veyra, writer and famous Philippine historian, wrote the following lines: "I am afraid that the inevitable absorption of the 'Tagalog invasion' on one side and the 'invasion of the English' on the other hand, will wipe out or extinguish this inherited Castilian language in existence with its last representatives in the following generation." Professor Gervacio Miranda, who also wrote a book in Chabacano, said in his preface: "My only objective to write this book is to possibly conserve in written form the Chabacano of Cavite for posterity," fearing the extinction of the dialect.
Poverty incidence of Cavite City
2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 2006 4.70 2009 5.50 2012 5.43 2015 6.94 2018 5.70 2021 12.71 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] |
The city is home to the Annual Cavite City Water Festival or Regada, held from the 17th to the 24th of June. It is a festive and religious celebration of the feast of St. John the Baptist. Regada started in 1996, and features the Paulan or Basayawan, which is a street party where celebrators dance under water sprinklers. [57] [58] Another celebration is the Feast for Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga, which is annually observed by local Catholics during every second Sunday of November. [59]
Other notable holidays include the observance of Julián Felipe's birthday (January 28). Felipe, who composed the Philippine National Anthem, was born and raised in Cavite City. [60] [61] The city's Charter Day, known locally as simply Cavite City Day, which commemorates the signing of the city charter in 1940, is held every September 7. [62] [63]
Food in Cavite City is influenced by its Spanish heritage combined with Filipino tradition. One popular native dish is bacalao (sauteed codfish), which is served during the Lenten season. A variation of bibingka locally known as bibingkang samala can also be found in the city. This delicacy is made of glutinous rice (malagkit), coconut milk and sugar. [64]
The only road connecting Cavite City to the rest of Luzon is the National Route 62, which begins at P. Burgos Avenue in Caridad district and continues towards Noveleta as the Manila–Cavite Road (not to be confused with Manila-Cavite Expressway). [65] A proposal to construct an expressway from Kawit to Cavite City via Bacoor Bay has been raised to the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). When realized, the expressway would serve as a link to Manila-Cavite Expressway (CAVITEx). [66] [67]
Cavite City has one airport, Danilo Atienza Air Base, [68] located at Sangley Point. The airport is operated by the Philippine Air Force. It was formerly a US Naval Base, called Naval Station Sangley Point, until it was turned over to the Philippine government in 1971. [69] There are proposals to convert the base into a civilian airport, as a solution to the overcrowding of Ninoy Aquino International Airport. [70] [71]
As of 2019, no active water-based public transportation services were based in Cavite City. [72] Metrostar Ferry, which began operations in 2007, used to serve trips from San Roque district to Pasay, Metro Manila. [73] [74] A new service from the Intramuros district of Manila to the nearby town of Noveleta to the south debuted in January 2018 and is currently the nearest water-based transport to the city.
Water services are currently provided by Maynilad. [75] [76] Electric services are currently provided by Meralco.
The flag of the city was created by Mayor Timoteo O. Encarnacion Jr., and was adopted by the Sangguniang Panlungsod through Resolution No. 95-081 dated September 6, 1995, in time for the 55th Cavite City Charter Day. The meaning and significance of the flag components are:
The current seal of the city was designed by Mayor Timoteo O. Encarnacion, Jr. It was adopted by the Sangguniang Panlungsod through Resolution No. 140-90, then approved by the Local Executive on September 7, 1990. On November 3, 1993, the National Historical Institute and the president, through the Department of the Interior and Local Government, issued a Certificate of Registration recognizing the new seal.
The shield stands for bravery and fortitude. The colors red, white, blue, yellow stand for the loyalty of the people to its government. The inclusion of the rays portrays the role of Cavite as one of the original provinces that rose up in arms against Spanish domination in 1896 in the Philippine Revolution. [6]
The white triangle inscribed within the shield with the letters KKK at the corners represents the part played by The city in the organization of the Katipunan. Don Ladislao Diwa of the city was one of the triumvirate who organized the patriotic group. Many Katipuneros came from the city.
Within the white triangle are symbols representing various events:
Cavite City has two sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:
Cavite, officially the Province of Cavite, is a Philippines province in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. On the southern shores of Manila Bay and southwest of Manila, it is one of the most industrialized and fastest-growing provinces in the Philippines. As of 2020, it has a population of 4,344,829, making it the most populated province in the country if the independent cities of Cebu are excluded from Cebu's population figure.
Bacoor, officially the City of Bacoor, is a component city in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 664,625 people, making it the 15th most populous city in the Philippines and the second largest city in the province of Cavite after Dasmariñas.
San Pedro, officially the City of San Pedro, is a component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 326,001 people.
Dasmariñas, officially the City of Dasmariñas, is a component city in the province of Cavite, Philippines. With a land area of 90.1 square kilometers (34.8 sq mi) and a population of 703,141 people according to the 2020 census, it is the largest city both in terms of area and population in Cavite and the wealthiest Local Government Unit in terms of city in the province.
Imus, officially the City of Imus, is a component city and de jure capital of the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 496,794 people.
Kawit, officially the Municipality of Kawit, is a urban municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 107,535. It is one of the notable places that had a major role in the country's history during the 1800s and 1900s.
Ternate, officially the Municipality of Ternate, is a municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 24,653 people.
Naic, officially the Municipality of Naic, is a municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 160,987 people. Naic has a land area of 76.24 square kilometers (29.44 sq mi).
Noveleta, officially the Municipality of Noveleta, is a municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 49,452 people.
The naval Battle of Puerto de Cavite took place on 10 June 1647 during the Eighty Years' War between a Spanish fleet and a Dutch fleet in Puerto de Cavite, an important Spanish port in Manila Bay, Philippines in which the Dutch were defeated.
The Manila–Cavite Expressway, signed as E3 of the Philippine expressway network and R-1 of Metro Manila's arterial road network, is a 14-kilometer-long (8.7 mi) controlled-access highway linking Manila to the southern province of Cavite in the Philippines. At its north end, it feeds into and from Roxas Boulevard in Parañaque, Metro Manila, also part of R-1. At the south end, it splits into two termini along the north coast in Kawit, Cavite. The first feeds into the intersection of Covelandia Road, Tirona Highway and Antero Soriano Highway. The second southern terminus is an exit-only to Tirona Highway in Barangay Marulas.
Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga also known as the Virgin of a Thousand Miracles is a Roman Catholic Marian title of Mary, mother of Jesus, based on the Marian apparitions reported in 1667 by a Spanish soldier during a night storm when he watched over the gates of Porta Vaga, later on the next day the icon was discovered in the seashore of Cañacao bay. The Virgin of Soledad is a venerated Marian icon associated to the Our Lady of Solitude. The province of Cavite and the city of Cavite consider her as its patroness.
The Cavite Peninsula is a peninsula extending northeast into Manila Bay from the coastal town of Noveleta in Cavite province in the Philippines. The northern tip of the peninsula is geographically the northernmost part of the province of Cavite.
Julián Reyes Felipe was a Filipino composer of the music of the Philippine national anthem, formerly known as "Marcha Nacional Filipina", now known as "Lupang Hinirang".
Naval Station Pascual Ledesma, also known as Cavite Naval Base or Cavite Navy Yard, is a military installation of the Philippine Navy in Cavite City. In the 1940s and '50s, it was called Philippine Navy Operating Base. The 9-hectare (22-acre) naval base is located at the easternmost end of Cavite Point in the San Roque district of the city. Via traffic lane, this naval establishment is next to the famous Samonte Park. It was the former extension of U.S. Naval Station Sangley Point which is now Naval Station Heracleo Alano. In 2009, it was named after Cmdre. Pascual Ledesma, a leader of the Philippine Revolution and the first Officer-In-Command of the Philippine Navy.
The Battle of Binakayan–Dalahican was a simultaneous battle during the Philippine Revolution that was fought on November 9–11, 1896 that led to a decisive Filipino victory. The twin battle took place at the shores of Binakayan, in the town of Cavite Viejo ; Dalahican and Dagatan in Noveleta; and, to minimal extent, in Imus and Bacoor towns in Cavite, Philippines that lasted for two days before the Spanish army retreated demoralized and in disarray. The result of the battle was the first significant Filipino victory in the country's history.
Fort San Felipe is a military fortress in Cavite City, Philippines. It was constructed by the Spanish military in 1609 in the first port town of Cavite, the historic core of the present and larger Cavite City, for its protection. Less than half of the original historic structure survives today. The remaining structure is made of granite blocks with 30-foot high walls and features a wide stairway leading to the top of the bastions and remaining walls. Naval memorabilia including antique cannons and cannonballs decorate the lawns of the fortification. Fort San Felipe is located within the 9-hectare (22-acre) Naval Base Cavite of the Philippine Navy and is not open to the public.
Máximo F. Inocencio was a Filipino architect and businessman involved in construction, shipping, trade and lumber. He figured in the 1872 Cavite mutiny and was a financial supporter of the Philippine Revolution, leading to his execution by the Spaniards in 1896. Consequently, he and the other Filipinos executed came to be known as the Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite.
The Diocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga, commonly known as San Roque Parish Church, is a Latin Rite Roman Catholic church in Cavite City on Luzon island, the Philippines. It is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Imus. The church enshrines Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga, an icon that appeared after an apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Naval Base Manila, Naval Air Base Manila was a major United States Navy base south of the City of Manila, on Luzon Island in the Philippines. Some of the bases dates back to 1898, the end of the Spanish–American War. Starting in 1938 civilian contractors were used to build new facilities in Manila to prepare for World War II. Work stopped on December 23, 1941, when Manila was declared not defendable against the Empire of Japan southward advance, which took over the city on January 2, 1942, after the US declared it an open city. US Navy construction and repair started in March 1945 with the taking of Manila in the costly Battle of Manila ending on March 2, 1945. Naval Base Manila supported the Pacific War and remained a major US Naval Advance Base until its closure in 1971.
The galleon activities also attracted a great number of Mexican men that arrived from the Mexican Pacific coast as ships' crewmembers (Grant 2009: 230). Mexicans were administrators, priests and soldiers (guachinangos or hombres de pueblo) (Bernal 1964: 188) many though, integrated into the peasant society, even becoming tulisanes 'bandits' who in the late 18th century "infested" Cavite and led peasant revolts (Medina 2002: 66). Meanwhile, in the Spanish garrisons, Spanish was used among administrators and priests. Nonetheless, there is not enough historical information on the social role of these men. In fact some of the few references point to a quick integration into the local society: "los hombres del pueblo, los soldados y marinos, anónimos, olvidados, absorbidos en su totalidad por la población Filipina." (Bernal 1964: 188). In addition to the Manila-Acapulco galleon, a complex commercial maritime system circulated European and Asian commodities including slaves. During the 17th century, Portuguese vessels traded with the ports of Manila and Cavite, even after the prohibition of 1644 (Seijas 2008: 21). Crucially, the commercial activities included the smuggling and trade of slaves: "from the Moluccas, and Malacca, and India… with the monsoon winds" carrying "clove spice, cinnamon, and pepper and black slaves, and Kafir [slaves]" (Antonio de Morga cf Seijas 2008: 21)." Though there is no data on the numbers of slaves in Cavite, the numbers in Manila suggest a significant fraction of the population had been brought in as slaves by the Portuguese vessels. By 1621, slaves in Manila numbered 1,970 out of a population of 6,110. This influx of slaves continued until late in the 17th century; according to contemporary cargo records in 1690, 200 slaves departed from Malacca to Manila (Seijas 2008: 21). Different ethnicities were favored for different labor; Africans were brought to work on the agricultural production, and skilled slaves from India served as caulkers and carpenters.
{{cite web}}
: |last=
has generic name (help){{cite web}}
: |last=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)