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Proclamation No. 1081 was the document which contained formal proclamation of martial law in the Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos, as announced to the public on September 23, 1972.
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At 7:15 p.m. on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced on television that he had placed the Philippines under martial law, stating he had done so in response to the "communist threat" posed by the newly founded Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), and the sectarian "rebellion" of the Muslim Independence Movement (MIM). Opposition figures of the time accused Marcos of exaggerating these threats and using them as an excuse to consolidate power and extend his tenure beyond the two presidential terms allowed by the 1935 constitution. Marcos signed Proclamation No. 1081 on September 21, 1972, marking the beginning of a fourteen-year period of one-man rule, which effectively lasted until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Proclamation No. 1081 was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, although Marcos retained essentially all of his powers as dictator until he was ousted in February 1986.
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Ferdinand Marcos developed a cult of personality as a way of remaining President of the Philippines for 20 years, in a way that political scientists have compared to other authoritarian and totalitarian leaders such as Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler, but also to more contemporary dictators such as Suharto in Indonesia, Saddam Hussein in Iraq, and the Kim dynasty of North Korea.
Journalism during the Marcos dictatorship in the Philippines—a fourteen year period between the declaration of Martial Law in September 1972 until the People Power Revolution in February 1986—was heavily restricted under the dictatorial rule of President Ferdinand Marcos in order to suppress political opposition and prevent criticism of his administration.
References
- ↑ "A Cartoon History of the Republic: A look back at the classic editorial cartoons of Philippines Free Press illustrator Esmeraldo Z. Izon". Spot.Ph. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
- ↑ "Breaking the News: Silencing the Media Under Martial Law". Martial Law Museum. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
- ↑ Taylor, Carson; Santos, Epifanio De los (1927). History of the Philippine press. Philippine Islands.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ Escobar, Miguel (September 25, 2017). "Look Back At The Philippine Free Press' Marcos-Era Editorial Cartoons". Esquire Philippines.
- ↑ "A History of the Philippine Political Protest". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved December 3, 2018.