National personification

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Britannia arm-in-arm with Uncle Sam symbolizes the British-American alliance in World War I. The two animals, the Bald eagle and the Barbary lion, are also national personifications of the two countries. Britannia.jpg
Britannia arm-in-arm with Uncle Sam symbolizes the British-American alliance in World War I. The two animals, the Bald eagle and the Barbary lion, are also national personifications of the two countries.

A national personification is an anthropomorphic personification of a state or the people(s) it inhabits. It may appear in political cartoons and propaganda.

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Some personifications in the Western world often took the Latin name of the ancient Roman province. Examples of this type include Britannia, Germania, Hibernia, Hispania, Helvetia and Polonia.

Examples of personifications of the Goddess of Liberty include Marianne, the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World), and many examples of United States coinage. Another ancient model was Roma, a female deity who personified the city of Rome and his dominion over the territories of the Roman Empire. [1]

Examples of representations of the everyman or citizenry in addition to the nation itself are Deutscher Michel, John Bull and Uncle Sam. [2]

Personifications by country or territory

LocationImagePersonificationAnimal used for the same purpose
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania Mother Albania Tirana 2.JPG Mother Albania
Flag of the Americas.png Americas The Four Continents (America), Johann Joachim Kaendler and assistants, Meissen Porcelain Factory, c. 1760, hard-paste porcelain - Wadsworth Atheneum - Hartford, CT - DSC05373.jpg Personification of the Americas American alligator
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 20060128 - Mausoleo del General San Martin en la Catedral de Buenos Aires.jpg Allegory of the Republic, Gaucho
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia Mother Armenia Statue (55651114).jpeg Mother Armenia
Flag of Artsakh.svg  Artsakh Tat u pap on Artsakh.jpg Grandmother and Grandfather
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia LBM-Lindsay.jpg Little Boy from Manly Boxing kangaroo
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria Wien 01 Austriabrunnen 07.jpg Austria, Tyrolia (Tyrol) Double-headed eagle
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh Bharat Mata by Abanindranath Tagore.jpg Bangamata [3] Bengal tiger [4]
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium La-Belgique-couronnant-ses-enfants-illustres-Jamar-1854.tif La Belgique, Manneken Pis [5] [6] Brabantic Lion, Leo Belgicus
Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan Thunder Dragon
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil Rodrigues-republica-mab.jpg Efígie da República ; the Bandeirante (São Paulo State and Minas Gerais); the "Tropeiro" (Minas Gerais); the Candango (Brasília); the Gaúcho (Rio Grande do Sul);
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria Georgi-Danchov-Svobodna-Bulgaria.jpg Mother Bulgaria Double-headed eagle
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia Statue of Preah Thong Neang Neak.jpg Preah Thong and Neang Neak
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada RCMP 1935 postcard.jpg Mountie, [7] Johnny Canuck, [8] Le Vieux de '37 (Quebec), Canada Bereft (Vimy Memorial). Canada was often personified as a young woman in 19th and early 20th century editorial cartoons, called simply "Canada", "Miss Canada", or sometimes "Mother Canada". [9] Canadian beaver
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile Roto chileno.jpg El Roto, Huaso, Doña Juanita Condorito
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China and Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan Jade Emperor. Ming Dynasty.jpg Jade Emperor Chinese dragon,
Snow Lion (Tibet)
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia Juanvaldez.png Juan Valdez
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia Ferdo Quiqerez,Predzide krscanstva.jpg Mother Croatia
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechia Vaclav Maly -The National Museum in Prague 048.jpg Čechie, Czech Vašek, Honza, Svejk. Czech lion
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Holger danske.jpg Holger Danske, Mother Denmark
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic Conchoprimo.jpeg Conchoprimo
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt Nahdet Misr.jpg Mother of the World Sphinx
Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador SalvadorDelMundo.jpg Salvador del Mundo
Flag of Europe.svg  Europe Enlevement d'Europe by Noel-Nicolas Coypel (detail).jpg Europa or Europa regina
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland Suomineito (1906).jpg Finnish Maiden Finnish lion
Flag of France.svg  France Marianne - symbol of French Republic.jpg Marianne Gallic rooster
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia Mother of Georgia view.jpg Mother of a Georgian
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany Image Germania (painting).jpg Germania, Deutscher Michel, Bavaria (Bavaria), Berolina (Berlin), Brema (Bremen), Brunonia (Brunswick Land), Franconia (Franconia), Francofurtia (Frankfurt), Hammonia (Hamburg), Lubeca (Lübeck), Borussia (Prussia), Palatia (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saxonia (Saxony), Vimaria (Weimar), Württembergia (Württemberg) Reichsadler, Bundesadler, Berliner Bär (Berlin), Bavarian Lion (Bavaria), Marcher Eagle (Brandenburg), Prussian Eagle (Prussia)
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece Theodoros Vryzakis, Grateful Hellas (1858).jpg Hellas
Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti Ezili Dantor, Katrin
Flag of Hawaii (1896).svg  Hawaiian Kingdom Kamehameha I full 5110.png Kamehameha the Great Humpback whale
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary Hungaria noalak Aradon.jpg The Lady of Hungaria Turul
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland Arnason-front.jpg The Lady of the Mountains
Flag of India.svg  India Bharathamatha.JPG Bharat Mata Bengal tiger, Asiatic lion, Indian Elephant, Indian peafowl
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia Statue of Goddess or Queen at Monas.JPG Ibu Pertiwi Garuda Pancasila
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran, Flag of the Taliban.svg  Afghanistan and Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan Rostam killing the White Demon.jpg Rostam [10] [11] [12] Lion and sun
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 'The Harp of Erin', oil on canvas painting by Thomas Buchanan Read.JPG Ériu, Banba, Fódla, Kathleen Ni Houlihan, Hibernia, The Old Woman of Beare [13]
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel Srulik.jpg Srulik
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Bell'italia brescia.JPG Italia turrita, Roma (Roman Empire) Italian wolf, [14] [15] Lion of Saint Mark (Venice) [16]
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Amaterasu cave crop.jpg Amaterasu, Emperor Jimmu [17] Green Pheasant, Koi
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan Sun emperor.JPG Altin Adam
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya Wanjiku
Unification flag of Korea.svg Korea (Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea and Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea - despite mutual enmity, both states lay claim to the same historical heritage) Portrait of Dangun.jpg Dangun, Ungnyeo, Hwanung Korean Tiger, Chollima
Flag of Kyrgyzstan (2023).svg  Kyrgyzstan Manas.jpg Manas
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 1916 Zarins Tevuzemei Gruti Laiki.jpg Milda
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon Abu Abed
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania Union in lublin.JPG Lietuva
Flag of Benelux.svg Low Lands or Benelux (Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg) Leo Belgicus (Dutch-Belgic Lion of the Low Countries) Famiano Strada c1647.jpg Leo Belgicus
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia Hang Tuah, Muzium Negara - cropped.jpg Hang Tuah [18] [19] Malayan tiger [20]
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta Malta 1922 One Pound.jpg Melita
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico Alegoria de la Patria Mexicana 1.jpg Mexican Motherland, La China Poblana Golden eagle
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia Bust of Genghis Khan in Mongolia.jpg Genghis Khan
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro Vlah Church 2.jpg Fairy of Lovćen, Mother Montenegro
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco BarbaryLionB1898bw.jpg Barbary Lion
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands Beeld van de Nederlandse maagd, bovenop monument 1813 - 's-Gravenhage - 20363409 - RCE.jpg Dutch Maiden Dutch Republic Lion, Leo Hollandicus, Leo Belgicus
Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal Gurkha Soldier Monument, London - April 2008.jpg Gurkha, Sherpa Yeti [21]
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand Palmerston NZ Boer War Memorial closer.jpg Zealandia, [22] Southern man (South Island) [23] Kiwi
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua El Gueguense Original.jpg El Güegüense Motmot
Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia Mother Macedonia - personification of Macedonia.jpg Mother Macedonia [24] [25] Lioness
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Norges Grundlov 1814 Frihed Lighed Broderskab, 1914.jpg Mother Norway, Ola & Kari Nordmann, Nór
Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine Handara - panoramio.jpg Handala
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru Patria (foto de Eugenio Courret).jpg Peruvian Motherland Vicuña
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines
RizalParkIntramurosGolfClubjf8588 13.JPG
La Madre Filipinas, Juan dela Cruz Philippine Carabao
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland Polonia 2.jpg Polonia White eagle
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal Zepovinho.jpg Zé Povinho , Efígie da República, Guardian Angel of Portugal Rooster of Barcelos
Flag of Puerto Rico.svg  Puerto Rico Jibaro Monument.jpg Jíbaro Coquí
Flag of Texas (1839-1879).svg  Republic of Texas The Alamo Cenotaph Angel.jpg The Spirit of Sacrifice Longhorn
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania Revolutionary Romania by C D Rosenthal.jpg România Lynx
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia RossiiaLaveretsky.jpg Mother Russia, General Winter Russian bear
Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino Statua della Liberta.jpg Liberty, Saint Marinus
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia Jugoslavija na Jadranu.jpg Mother Serbia Serbian eagle
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore Singapore Mini Merlion.JPG Merlion
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia Wladyslaw Skoczylas - Janosik.jpg Jánošík
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia Leopold Layer - Kralj Matjaz.jpg Kralj Matjaž
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa Castle of Good Hope (11).jpg The Lady of Good Hope Springbok
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Madrid - Biblioteca Nacional de Espana, alegoria de Hispania 1.jpg Hispania, Breogán (Galicia) Hispanic Lion
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Matha (Mother Sri Lanka)
Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname Mama Sranan Sculpture.JPG Mama Sranan (Mother Suriname), a 1965 sculpture by Jozeph Klas in the center of Paramaribo, of a mother figure holding five children representing Suriname's ethnic groups in her arms. [26]
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden Moder svea berga.JPG Mother Svea (Moder Svea)
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland Bern Bundeshaus Skulpturengruppe.jpg Helvetia, Basilea (Basel), Berna (Bern), Geneva (Geneva), Tigurina Virgo (Zürich), Lucerna (Lucerne) Cow [27]
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand Phra Sayamadevathiraja.jpg Siam Devadhiraj White elephant
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine Fedir Stovbynenko - Kozak-bandyryst (1890).jpg Cossack Mamay Ruthenian Lion
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Britannia-Statue.jpg Britannia, John Bull, Dame Wales (Wales), Scota (Scotland) Bulldog, The Lion and the Unicorn (England and Scotland), Welsh dragon (Wales)
Flag of the United States.svg  United States ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg Columbia, Lady Liberty, Lady Justice, Uncle Sam (federal government), Billy Yank (The North, obsolete), Johnny Reb (The South, obsolete), Brother Jonathan (New England, obsolete) Bald Eagle, American Buffalo, Timber rattlesnake (American Revolution, obsolete)
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay El Altar de la Patria.png Efigie de la República
Flag of the Vermont Republic.svg Vermont Republic Green Mountain Rangers, 1776.jpg The Green Mountaineers
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam Phu dieu Quoc to Lac Long Quan tai Den Noi Binh Da.jpg Lạc Long Quân, Âu Cơ, The Four Immortals Vietnamese Dragon, Lạc Bird

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Manneken Pis</i> Brass sculpture and fountain in Brussels, Belgium

Manneken Pis is a landmark 55.5 cm (21.9 in) bronze fountain sculpture in central Brussels, Belgium, depicting a puer mingens; a naked little boy urinating into the fountain's basin. Though its existence is attested as early as the mid-15th century, Manneken Pis was redesigned by the Brabantine sculptor Jérôme Duquesnoy the Elder and put in place in 1619. Its stone niche in rocaille style dates from 1770. The statue has been repeatedly stolen or damaged throughout its history. Since 1965, a replica has been displayed, with the original stored in the Brussels City Museum.

National colours are frequently part of a country's set of national symbols. Many states and nations have formally adopted a set of colours as their official "national colours" while others have de facto national colours that have become well known through popular use. National colours often appear on a variety of different media, from the nation's flag to the colours used in sports. Before World War I, they also served as the colours of different military uniforms for each nation or region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phrygian cap</span> Soft conical cap with the top pulled forward

The Phrygian cap or liberty cap is a soft conical cap with the apex bent over, associated in antiquity with several peoples in Eastern Europe and Anatolia, including the Persians, the Medes and the Scythians, as well as in the Balkans, Dacia, Thrace and in Phrygia, where the name originated. The oldest depiction of the Phrygian cap is from Persepolis in Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marianne</span> National personification of France

Marianne has been the national personification of the French Republic since the French Revolution, as a personification of liberty, equality, fraternity and reason, as well as a portrayal of the Goddess of Liberty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liberty (personification)</span> Personifications of the concept of Liberty

The concept of liberty has frequently been represented by personifications, often loosely shown as a female classical goddess. Examples include Marianne, the national personification of the French Republic and its values of Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité, the female Liberty portrayed on United States coins for well over a century, and many others. These descend from images on ancient Roman coins of the Roman goddess Libertas and from various developments from the Renaissance onwards. The Dutch Maiden was among the first, re-introducing the cap of liberty on a liberty pole featured in many types of image, though not using the Phrygian cap style that became conventional. The 1886 Statue of Liberty by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi is a well-known example in art, a gift from France to the United States.

<i>Deutscher Michel</i> National personification of the German people

Der Deutsche Michel is a figure representing the national character of the German people, rather as John Bull represents the English. He originated in the first half of the 19th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liberty pole</span> Tall wooden pole surmounted by a Phrygian cap

A liberty pole is a wooden pole, or sometimes spear or lance, surmounted by a "cap of liberty", mostly of the Phrygian cap. The symbol originated in the immediate aftermath of the assassination of the Roman dictator Julius Caesar by a group of Rome's Senators in 44 BCE. Immediately after Caesar was killed the assassins, or Liberatores as they called themselves, went through the streets with their bloody weapons held up, one carrying a pileus carried on the tip of a spear. This symbolized that the Roman people had been freed from the rule of Caesar, which the assassins claimed had become a tyranny because it overstepped the authority of the Senate and thus betrayed the Republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mural crown</span> Heraldic crown resembling a wall

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Germania (personification)</span> National personification of Germany

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Columbia (personification)</span> Female national personification of the United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Personification</span> Representation of a thing or abstraction as a person

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<i>Italia turrita</i> National personification or allegory of Italy

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uncle Sam</span> Personification of the United States and its national government

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">National emblem of North Macedonia</span> National emblem of the Republic of North Macedonia

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References

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  2. Eric Hobsbawm, "Mass-Producing Traditions: Europe, 1870-1914," in Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger, eds., The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge, 1983), 263-307.
  3. Ahmed, Salahuddin (2004). Bangladesh: Past and Present. APH Publishing. p. 310. ISBN   8176484695 . Retrieved July 11, 2012.
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  21. Subba, Sanghamitra. "Love it or hate it, it's abominable".
  22. Phillips, Jock. "South African War memorial, Waimate".
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  24. A Manifesto from the Provisional Government of Macedonia, 1881, Our mother Macedonia became now as a widow, lonely and deserted by her sons. She does not fly the banner of the victorious Macedonian army
  25. Bulgarian graphic representation of Bulgaria, East Rumelia and North Macedonia
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Further reading