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The Father of the Nation is an honorific title given to a person considered the driving force behind the establishment of a country, state, or nation. Pater Patriae (plural Patres Patriae), also seen as Parens Patriae, was a Roman honorific meaning the "Father of the Fatherland", bestowed by the Senate on heroes, and later on emperors. In monarchies, the monarch is often considered the "father/mother of the nation" or as a patriarch to guide his family. This concept is expressed in the divine right of kings espoused in some monarchies, while in others it is codified into constitutional law.
In Spain, the monarch is considered the personification and embodiment, the symbol of unity and permanence of the nation. In Thailand, the monarch is given the same recognition, and any person who expresses disrespect toward the reigning monarch faces severe criminal penalties.
Many dictators bestow titles upon themselves, which rarely survive the end of their regime. Gnassingbé Eyadéma of Togo's titles included "father of the nation", "older brother", and "Guide of the People". [1] Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire's included "Father of the nation", "the Guide", "the Messiah", "the Leopard", "the Sun-President", and "the Cock who Jumps on Anything That Moves". [2] In postcolonial Africa, "father of the nation" was a title used by many leaders both to refer to their role in the independence movement as a source of legitimacy, and to use paternalist symbolism as a source of continued popularity. [3] On Joseph Stalin's seventieth birthday in 1949, he was bestowed with the title "Father of Nations" for his establishment of "people's democracies" in countries occupied by the USSR after World War II. [4]
The title "Father of the Nation" is sometimes politically contested. The 1972 Constitution of Bangladesh declared Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to be "father of the nation". [5] A motion in the Parliament of Slovakia to proclaim controversial pre-war leader Andrej Hlinka "father of the nation" barely failed in September 2007. [6]
The following people are still often called the "Father" or "Mother" of their respective nations.
Name | Nation | Title (native) | Title (translation) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ahmad Shah Durrani | Afghanistan | Ahmad Shah Baba | Ahmad Shah the Father [7] [8] [9] | Founder of the Afghan Durrani Empire. |
Ismail Kemal | Albania | Babai Kombit | Father of the Nation | Led the Albanian national movement against the Ottoman Empire |
V. C. Bird | Antigua and Barbuda | Father of the Nation | First prime minister of Antigua and Barbuda. | |
José de San Martín | Argentina Peru | Padre de la Patria / Fundador de la República y Protector del Perú [10] | Father of the Fatherland / Founder of the Republic and Protector of Peru | Primary leader of the Argentine War of Independence and the Spanish American wars of independence in southern South America. |
María Remedios del Valle | Argentina | Madre de la Patria | Mother of the Homeland | Important officer in the Argentine Army during the War of Independence, referred to as the "Mother of the Homeland" since her lifetime. In 1829, the Chamber of Representatives of the province of Buenos Aires named her "Mother of the Homeland" and granted her the position of sergeant major. [11] [12] |
Hayk (Հայկ) | Armenia | Nahapet (Նահապետ) | Head of the Family Patriarch | Legendary founder of the Armenian nation. |
Sir Henry Parkes, GCMG | Australia | Father of Federation | Gave the Tenterfield Oration, which is believed to be pivotal in the process of the Federation of Australia. | |
Sir Lynden Pindling | The Bahamas | Father of the Nation | Leader at independence in 1973. [13] | |
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | Bangladesh | Jatir Janak (জাতির জনক) Bangabandhu (বঙ্গবন্ধু) | Father of the Nation Friend of Bengal | Founder of Bangladesh, leader during the Bangladesh Liberation War. |
Errol Barrow | Barbados | Father of Independence | The third and final premier of Barbados, serving from 1961 to 1966, who lead Barbados to independence from the British Empire in 1966. He became the first prime minister and served three terms (1966–76, 1986–87) dying in office of illness during his third. | |
Konstanty Kalinowski | Belarus | Stvaralnik bielaruskaha narodu (Стваральнік беларускага народу) | Creator of the Belarusian Nation | Used among other titles. Military and political leader during the January Uprising. [14] [15] Usage opposed by those who view Kalinowski's nationality as Polish, rather than Belarusian. [16] |
George Cadle Price | Belize | Father of the Nation | Former Chief Minister, Premier and two-term Prime Minister before retiring in 1997. [17] [18] | |
Ugyen Wangchuck | Bhutan | First king of modern Bhutan. | ||
Simón Bolívar | Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Panama Peru Venezuela | Libertador | Liberator | Primary leader of the Spanish American wars of independence in northern South America. |
Seretse Khama | Botswana | Father of Independence | Leader of the independence movement and first President of Botswana. Creator of democracy in Botswana | |
Dom Pedro I, Maria Leopoldina of Austria and José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva | Brazil | Pai da Nação e Patriarca da Independência | Father of the Nation and Patriarch of Independence | Founder and the first Emperor of Brazil (1822) during the independence of Brazil. Maria Leopoldina was the first Empress of Brazil. Bonifácio was the advisor of Pedro I. |
Omar Ali Saifuddien III | Brunei | Architect of Modern Brunei. Builder of the Modern Nation and Father of Independence | 28th Sultan of Brunei and First Minister of Defence (1914–1986). | |
Asparuh | Bulgaria | Kanasubigi (Кан) | Founder and first ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire. | |
Norodom Sihanouk | Cambodia | សម្តេចឪ (Sâmdéch Âu) | King Father | Secured independence from France. |
John A. Macdonald and the other Fathers of Confederation | Canada | Father of Confederation Pères de la Confédération | Father of Confederation | The 36 Canadian politicians who negotiated Canadian Confederation |
Bernardo O'Higgins | Chile | Padre de la patria | Father of the fatherland | Principal leader of the Chilean War of Independence. |
Sun Yat-sen | Republic of China | 國父 (Guófù) | Father of the Nation | Sun played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty during the Xinhai Revolution. The Nationalist government decreed the title in 1940. [19] Sun is more widely known in the People's Republic of China as the "Forerunner of the Revolution". [20] |
José María Castro Madriz | Costa Rica | Fundador de la República | Founder of the Republic | First President of the Republic of Costa Rica. [21] |
Ante Starčević | Croatia | Otac domovine | Father of the Homeland | His diverse activities and works laid the foundations for the modern Croatian state. [22] |
Carlos Manuel de Céspedes | Cuba | Padre de la Patria | Father of the Fatherland [23] | Leader of the first Cuban independence movement which fought the Ten Years' War. |
Archbishop Makarios III | Cyprus | Εθνάρχης | Leader of the Nation | First and longest President of Cyprus, leader of Greek Cypriot nationalist movement during Cypriot intercommunal violence |
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor | Czech Republic | Otec vlasti | Father of the Homeland | King of Bohemia. Title coined by the rector of the Charles University of Prague at the emperor's funeral. [24] |
František Palacký | Otec národa | Father of the Nation | Politician and historian, influential in Czech National Revival movement. [24] Whereas vlast "homeland" included all inhabitants, národ "nation" comprised only Czech people. [25] | |
Tomáš Masaryk | Tatíček / Prezident Osvoboditel | Father of the Fatherland / President Liberator | First President of Czechoslovakia, helped negotiate establishment of Czechoslovakia with the Allies of World War I. [24] [26] | |
Juan Pablo Duarte | Dominican Republic | Padre de la patria | Father of the Fatherland | Defeated Haiti during Dominican War of Independence. |
Ilia Chavchavadze | Georgia | უგვირგვინო მეფე / ერის მამა | The Crownless King / Father of the Nation | |
Members of the Parlamentarischer Rat | Germany | Väter und Mütter des Grundgesetzes | Fathers and mothers of the Basic Law | Drafted the Basic Law, the constitution of (then West) Germany |
Kwame Nkrumah | Ghana | Osagyefo | Father of the nation | First president and prime minister of Ghana during decolonization, the first country in Sub-Saharan Africa to achieve full independence. |
Alexander the Great | Greece | Πατέρας των Ελλήνων | Father of the Greeks | Founder of the Macedonian Empire responsible for spreading Greek culture during the Hellenistic period. |
Cheddi Jagan | Guyana | Father of the Nation | President of Guyana from 1992 to 1997. | |
Jean-Jacques Dessalines | Haiti | Père de la patrie | Father of the Fatherland | Primary leader of the Haitian Revolution. |
Dionisio de Herrera | Honduras | First Head of State of Honduras within the Federal Republic of Central America | ||
Árpád | Hungary | Honalapító | Founder of the Homeland | Second Grand Prince of the Hungarians, leader of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian basin. |
Mahatma Gandhi | India | राष्ट्रपिता (Rashtrapita) Bapu (Father) | Father of the Nation [27] [28] | Leader of the Indian independence movement from British Raj. |
Sukarno Mohammad Hatta | Indonesia | Bapak Bangsa Sang Proklamator Dwitunggal | Father(s) of the Nation The Proclamators Duumvirate | Main leaders of the Indonesian National Revolution, wrote and signed the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, as well as served as the first President and Vice President of Indonesia, respectively. |
Cyrus the Great | Iran (Persia) | Shahanshah | King of Kings | The founder of the first Persian Empire |
David Ben-Gurion | Israel | Israel's founding father [29] | Father of the Nation | formally proclaimed the establishment of Israel and served as its first prime minister. |
Camillo Benso Giuseppe Garibaldi Giuseppe Mazzini Vittorio Emanuele II di Savoia | Italy | Padre della Patria | Father of the Fatherland | Authors of Italian unification [30] [31] [32] |
Emperor Jimmu | Japan | 神武天皇 (Jinmu Ten-noh) | Legendary first Emperor of Japan | |
Kerei Khan and Janibek Khan | Kazakhstan | Негізін қалаушылар (Negızın qalauşylar) | Founders | Founders and first rulers of the Kazakh Khanate, who led the Kazakh War of Independence against the Uzbek Khanate and established the first independent Kazakh state. [33] |
Members of the Alash | Kazakh intellectuals who took part in the national liberation movement and formed the Alash Orda provisional government during the Russian Revolution. | |||
Jomo Kenyatta | Kenya | Baba wa Taifa | Father of the Nation/Freedom Fighter | First President of Kenya from 1963 to his death in 1978 who helped create the Kenyan Constitution. |
Ibrahim Rugova | Kosovo | Ati i Kombit | Father of the Nation | First president of the First Republic of Kosovo. President of Serbian Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metochia under UN after the Kosovo War. |
Jonas Basanavičius | Lithuania | Tautos patriarchas | Patriarch of the Nation | Various cultural activities during the Lithuanian National Revival. [34] |
Tunku Abdul Rahman | Malaysia | Bapa Kemerdekaan Bapa Malaysia | Father of Independence Father of Malaysia | The first Prime Minister of Malaysia. A prince from the Kedah Sultanate, the Cambridge-educated Tunku led the negotiated independence of Federation of Malaya from the British Empire in 1957. Later formed Malaysia through the union of Peninsular Malaya, Singapore, North Borneo and Sarawak in 1963. |
Muhammad Fareed Didi | Maldives | Founder of modern Maldives and last sultan of Maldives. | ||
Giorgio Borġ Olivier | Malta | Missier Malta Indipendenti | Father of Independent Malta | First post-independence Prime Minister of Malta between 1950–1955 and 1962–1971. |
Dom Mintoff | Missier Malta Repubblika, Missier Malta Hielsa | Father of Republican Malta, Father of Free Malta | A Maltese statesman and leading politician. He twice served as Prime Minister of Malta (from 1955 to 1958, and from 1974 to 1984) as the Leader of the Labour Party, a position he held from 1949 to 1984. In 1974, with him as Prime Minister, Malta negotiated a series of constitutional reforms leading to the establishment of the Maltese Republic and the removal of the British monarch as head of state. In 1979, the last Royal Navy ships left Malta, marking the country's transformation into a fully independent nation. Mintoff is also credited with the establishment of the Maltese welfare state and the socialist-style nationalisation and collectivisation of various key industries. | |
Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam | Mauritius | Father of the Nation [35] | First post-independence Prime Minister, in 1968. | |
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla | Mexico | Padre de la patria mexicana [36] | Father of the Mexican Nation [37] | First revolutionary leader in the Mexican War of Independence. |
Genghis Khan | Mongolia | Монголчуудын эцэг | Father of the Mongols, Founding Father of Mongolia [38] | After unifying the many nomadic tribes of northeastern Asian steppe peoples, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire and became the first Great Khan and Emperor. He eventually led a conquest of the majority of Eurasia, and his unified homeland would become Mongolia. |
Mohammed V | Morocco | أب الوطن المغربي / ⵉⴱⴱⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ | Father of the Moroccan Nation [39] | King of Morocco during its independence in 1956, seen by most Moroccans as Father of the Nation. [40] |
Aung San | Myanmar | နိုင်ငံတော်၏ဖခင်၊ လွတ်လပ်ရေးဖခင်၊ တပ်မတော်၏ဖခင် | Father of Nation, [41] [42] Father of Independence, Father of Tatmadaw (Burmese Army) | He was the founder of Tatmadaw (Burmese Army) and he was the 5th Prime Minister of Burma in British Era from 1946 to 1947. He was instrumental in Myanmar's struggle for independence from British rule, but he was assassinated just six months before his goal was realized. |
Sam Nujoma | Namibia | Founding Father of the Namibian Nation | Primary leader of SWAPO during the South African Border War and first President of Namibia, 1990–2005; title conferred by Act of Parliament in 2005. [43] | |
Prithvi Narayan Shah | Nepal | श्री ५ बडामहाराजधिराज पृथ्वी नारायण शाह | Father of the Nation | King of Nepal during the Unification of Nepal. |
William the Silent | Netherlands | Vader des Vaderlands | Father of the Fatherland | Leader of the successful Dutch Revolt against the Spanish Empire, which led to the Dutch Republic, the first independent Dutch state. [44] |
Diriangén [45] | Nicaragua | Padre de la Patria Nicaragüense | Father of the Nicaraguan Fatherland | Native Nicaraguan tribal leader |
Nnamdi Azikiwe | Nigeria | Father of Nigerian Nationalism | First president of Nigeria when it became a republic on 1 October 1963, and was the last governor general of Nigeria. | |
Krste Misirkov | North Macedonia | Татко на нацијата | Father of the Nation | Prominent linguist, writer and activist. |
Einar Gerhardsen | Norway | Landsfaderen | Father of the Nation | First post–World War II prime minister of Norway. [46] |
Muhammad Ali Jinnah | Pakistan | Baba-e-Qaum [47] /Quaid-e-Azam [48] | Father of the Nation/Great Leader | Led the Pakistan Movement and served as first governor-general of Pakistan. |
Yasser Arafat | Palestine | The Father of Palestine [49] | Father of the Nation | Led the Palestinian liberation movement and served as president of the State of Palestine from 1994 to 2004. |
Sir Michael Somare | Papua New Guinea | Papa Blo Kantri [50] | Father of the Nation | Leader at independence in 1975; also known as "the chief" and "the old man". [51] |
Emilio Aguinaldo | Philippines | Kauna-unahang Pangulo ng Pilipinas | First President of the Philippines | Military Leader of the Philippine Revolution and the First President of the Philippines through the 1899 Malolos Congress, which oversaw the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution. His birthday, 22 March 1869, is celebrated as Emilio Aguinaldo Day. |
Andrés Bonifacio | Amá ng Himagsikan | Father of the Revolution | Political Leader of the Philippine Revolution, which saw armed resistance against the Spanish Empire. His birthday, 30 November 1863, is a national holiday. | |
José Rizal | Pambansáng Bayani | National Hero | Colloquially known as the "National Hero". Rizal's works and writings–which helped start the Philippine Revolution–are part of the national curriculum as mandated by Republic Act No. 1425. The anniversary of his 30 December 1896 execution by the Spanish colonial government is a national holiday. [52] | |
Ignacy Daszyński, Roman Dmowski, Wojciech Korfanty, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Józef Piłsudski, Wincenty Witos | Poland | Ojcowie Niepodległości, Ojcowie Polski Odrodzonej | Fathers of Independence, Fathers of Reborn Poland | After World War I six fathers of independence jointly took advantage of the favorable conditions and led to the birth of the Second Polish Republic. [53] |
Mieszko I | Twórca państwa polskiego | Founder of the Polish state | Mieszko I united slavic tribes of Poland, baptized the country and became the first historical ruler of Poland. | |
D. Afonso Henriques | Portugal | Fundador da Nação | Father of the Nation a.k.a. The Conqueror | Founder and first King of Portugal (1139), recognized by the Holy See in 1179. |
Peter I of Russia | Russia | Отец Отечества (Otets Otechestva) | Father of the Fatherland | Was granted the title in 1721 by the Governing Senate, along with "Emperor of Russia" and "The Great". [54] |
El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed | Western Sahara | Father of the Nation | Leader of the Polisario Front, First President of the SADR. Fought against Spanish colonial army & against the invasion of the Moroccan and Mauritanian armies in the Western Sahara conflict. | |
Sir John Compton | Saint Lucia | Father of the Nation | Prime Minister at independence in 1979. Also known as "Daddy Compton". [55] | |
Saint Marinus | San Marino | Founder of a chapel and monastery in central Italy, in 301 (traditional date: 3 September). From this initial community the state of San Marino later grew. [56] | ||
Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabia | والد الأمة (Waalid Al Ummah)/ المؤسس (Al-Moa'sis) | Father of the Nation/ The Founder | Unified the tribes of the Arabian Peninsula and established the modern Saudi state. He descended from the noble House of Saud, the dynasty which had ruled most of Arabia in the 18th century. His son King Salman is the current head of state of Saudi Arabia. Five other older sons – Saud, Faisal, Khalid, Fahd and Abdullah – served as former heads of state. |
Donald Dewar | Scotland | Father of the Nation | First First Minister of Scotland following the reconvening of the Scottish Parliament in 1999. [57] | |
Dobrica Ćosić | Serbia | Отац нације [58] [59] | Father of the Nation | Yugoslav and Serbian politician, writer, and political theorist. |
Karađorđe and Miloš the Great | Отац нације [60] [61] | Father of the Nation | Leaders of the First and Second Serbian Uprising during the Serbian Revolution. | |
Saint Sava | Отац отаџбине [62] | Father of the Fatherland | Founder of the Serbian Orthodox Church. | |
Lee Kuan Yew | Singapore | Father of Singapore | First Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore, governing for over 30 years. Leading figure throughout Singapore's time as a part of Malaysia and its later independence. | |
Primož Trubar | Slovenia | Oče naroda | Father of the Nation | A consolidator of Slovene and the author of the first Slovene printed book. |
Mohammed Abdullah Hassan | Somalia | Father of the fatherland | The emir of Dervish and Diiriye Guure. [63] | |
Nelson Mandela | South Africa | Tata wethu | Father of the Nation | Primary leader of internal resistance to apartheid as chairman of the African National Congress, and President of post-apartheid South Africa. [64] |
Catholic Monarchs (Ferdinand and Isabella) | Spain | Reyes Católicos de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón | Catholic Monarchs of the Kingdoms of Castille and Aragon | The unifiers of Spain. They unified the territories of Castille, Aragon and Al-Andalus, all the territories of the Iberian Peninsula, except Portugal. During their reign America was discovered and started the Spanish Empire. |
Don Stephen Senanayake | Sri Lanka | ජාතියේ පියා (Jathiyay Piya) | Father of the Nation | First Prime Minister, from 1947 to 1952. [65] |
Johan Ferrier | Suriname | Vader des Vaderlands | Father of the Nation | First president after the independence of the country in 1975 (the term Vader des Vaderlands has its roots in the Netherlands). |
Gustav I of Sweden | Sweden | Landsfader | Father of the Nation | Broke Sweden from Danish rule under Christian II. |
Per Albin Hansson [ citation needed ] | Landsfader | Father of the Nation | Prime Minister 1932–1946 and founder of The People's Home. | |
Julius Nyerere | Tanzania | Baba wa Taifa | Father of the Nation | First President of Tanzania. [66] |
Henry Alcazar, Victor Bryan, Tubal Uriah Butler, Rudranath Capildeo, Simbhoonath Capildeo, Arthur Andrew Cipriani, Albert Gomes, Solomon Hochoy, A. P. T. James, Audrey Jeffers, Ranjit Kumar, Emmanuel Mzumbo Lazare, Chanka Maharaj, Bhadase Sagan Maraj, Quintin O'Connor, Michael Pocock, Adrian Cola Rienzi (Krishna Deonarine), Alfred Richards, Harold Robinson, Timothy Roodal, Lionel Seukeran, Ashford Sinanan, Mitra Sinanan, Sarran Teelucksingh, Louis de Verteuil, Gerald Wight, Eric Williams, Hugh Wooding [67] | Trinidad and Tobago | Moulders of the Nation [67] | They helped shape the country's future as an independent nation and laid the foundation of democracy. [67] | |
Eric Williams | Father of the Nation | First and three-term Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1956 to his death in 1981, first Premier of Trinidad and Tobago from 1961 to 1966, second Chief Minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1956 to 1961, founder of the People's National Movement (PNM) and was instrumental in writing the Trinidad and Tobago constitution and gaining the country independence and republicanism from British rule. [68] [69] | ||
Habib Bourguiba | Tunisia | المجاهد الاكبر(Al mujehed al akbar) | The Supreme Warrior | Father of the independence of Tunisia and first President of Tunisia. He led the Tunisian national movement against the French colonial empire. After Tunisian independence, he founded a modern state, built schools and hospitals and gave the Tunisian women rights that are still unique in the Arab World today. |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | Turkey | Atatürk | Father of the Turks (always used as a last name and not a title proper) | Founder of the Republic of Turkey and first President of Turkey. He led the Turkish national movement in the Turkish War of Independence, and enacted the reforms that made Turkey a democratic nation-state. Granted in accordance with the 1934 Surname Law establishing surnames in Turkey. [70] |
Bohdan Khmelnytsky | Ukraine | Father of the Nation | Leader of the Khmelnytsky Uprising against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and founder of the Cossack Hetmanate, the first independent Ukrainian state. | |
Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan | United Arab Emirates | والد الأمة (Waalid Al Ummah) | Father of the Nation | President of the UAE for its first 33 years (1971–2004). [71] [72] |
George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin and other Signers and Framers | United States | Founding Fathers [73] [74] | The Signers signed the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776. The Framers were delegates to the Constitutional Convention and took part in framing or drafting the proposed United States Constitution. | |
George Washington | Father of his country [75] [76] | George Washington is particularly highlighted out of the Founding Fathers of the United States as being the "father of his country" [75] [76] for his role as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, his resignation of command at the end of the war, the presidency of the Constitutional Convention and for his tenure (and voluntary retirement) as the first President of the United States. | ||
José Gervasio Artigas | Uruguay | Padre de la independencia uruguaya, Protector de los Pueblos Libres y Jefe de los orientales [77] | Father of Uruguayan independence, Defender of the Free and Chief of the eastern people [78] | Fought against the Spanish Royalists for independence in the Río de la Plata. |
Ho Chi Minh | Vietnam | Cha già dân tộc | Father of the people | Leader of the Viet Minh, who fought for independence from France in the First Indochina War and decisively defeated them at the bloody Battle of Dien Bien Phu, resulting in the establishment of an independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the north of the country in 1954. Vietnam would eventually be united under Communist Party of Vietnam rule after his death with the Fall of Saigon at the end of the Vietnam War in 1975. |
Kenneth Kaunda | Zambia | Tata | Father of the nation | First president of Zambia from 1964 to 1991. He founded the Zambian African National Congress (ANC), later becoming the head of the United National Independence Party (UNIP which led to attaining independence. |
Jawaharlal Nehru was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, statesman, secular humanist, social democrat, and author who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20th century. Nehru was a principal leader of the Indian nationalist movement in the 1930s and 1940s. Upon India's independence in 1947, he served as the country's first prime minister for 16 years. Nehru promoted parliamentary democracy, secularism, and science and technology during the 1950s, powerfully influencing India's arc as a modern nation. In international affairs, he steered India clear of the two blocs of the Cold War. A well-regarded author, his books written in prison, such as Letters from a Father to His Daughter (1929), An Autobiography (1936) and The Discovery of India (1946), have been read around the world.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule. He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā, first applied to him in South Africa in 1914, is now used throughout the world.
Feroze Gandhi was an Indian freedom fighter, politician and journalist.
Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava, also known as JP and Lok Nayak, was an Indian independence activist, theorist, socialist and political leader. He is mainly remembered for leading the mid-1970s opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and calling her overthrow in a "total revolution". In 1999, Narayan was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social service. His other awards include the Magsaysay award for public service in 1965.
Francisco Solano López Carrillo was a Paraguayan military officer, politician and statesman who served as President of Paraguay between 1862 and 1870, of which he served mostly during the Paraguayan War (1864–1870). He succeeded his father Carlos Antonio López as the second president of Paraguay. Solano López is the only Paraguayan ruler to have been killed in action. He is one of only two Paraguayans to have received the rank of Marshal, along with José Félix Estigarribia.
Rajendra Prasad was an Indian politician, lawyer, journalist and scholar who served as the first president of India from 1950 to 1962. He joined the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement and became a major leader from the region of Bihar and Maharashtra. A supporter of Mahatma Gandhi, Prasad was imprisoned by British authorities during the Salt Satyagraha of 1930 and the Quit India movement of 1942. After the constituent assembly 1946 elections, Prasad served as 1st Minister of Food and Agriculture in the central government from 1947 to 1948. Upon independence in 1947, Prasad was elected as President of the Constituent Assembly of India, which prepared the Constitution of India and which served as its provisional Parliament.
Harilal Mohandas Gandhi was the eldest son of Mahatma Gandhi and Kasturba Gandhi. He had three younger brothers: Manilal Gandhi, Ramdas Gandhi and Devdas Gandhi.
Devdas Mohandas Gandhi was the fourth and youngest son of Mahatma Gandhi. He was born in the Colony of Natal and came to India with his parents as a grown man. He became active in his father's movement, spending many terms in jail. He also became a prominent journalist, serving as editor of Hindustan Times. He was also the first pracharak of the Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha (DBHPS), established by Mohandas Gandhi in Tamil Nadu in 1918. The purpose of the Sabha was to propagate Hindi in southern India.
Gandhi Jayanti is an event celebrated in India to mark the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi. It is celebrated annually on 2 October, and is one of the three national holidays in India. The United Nations celebrates the day as International Day of Non-Violence. Called the "Father of The Nation" by Subhas Chandra Bose, Gandhi espoused one of the most well known philosophies of nonviolent resistance.
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Zianon Stanislavavič Pazniak is a Belarusian nationalist politician, one of the founders of the Belarusian Popular Front and leader of the Conservative Christian Party – BPF. He was the Belarusian Popular Front nominee for President of Belarus in the 1994 election.
Abbas Tyabji was an Indian freedom fighter from Gujarat, and an associate of Mahatma Gandhi. He also served as the Chief Justice of Baroda State. His grandson is historian Irfan Habib.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948 at age 78 in the compound of Birla House, a large mansion in central New Delhi. His assassin was Nathuram Godse, from Pune, Maharashtra, a Hindutva activist, a member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindu paramilitary organization as well as a member of the Hindu Mahasabha.
Lage Raho Munna Bhai is a 2006 Indian Hindi-language satirical comedy drama film written, edited and directed by Rajkumar Hirani, who also co-wrote the screenplay with Abhijat Joshi, and produced by Vidhu Vinod Chopra under the production banner of Vinod Chopra Films. The film was released worldwide on 1 September 2006, and is the second installment of the Munna Bhai film series after its prequel, Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. (2003). Sanjay Dutt and Arshad Warsi reprised their roles as Munna Bhai, a gangster in the Mumbai underworld, and his sidekick, Circuit, respectively. Vidya Balan portrays the female lead, replacing Gracy Singh from the original, while several other actors from the prequel, notably Jimmy Sheirgill and Boman Irani, appear in new roles, and Dia Mirza also appears in a small role in the film. In this film, the eponymous lead character begins to see the soul of Mahatma Gandhi, which is portrayed by Dilip Prabhavalkar. Through his interactions with Gandhi, he begins to practice what he refers to as "Gandhigiri" to help ordinary people solve their problems.
"Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" is a bhajan widely popularised by Mahatma Gandhi and set to tune by Vishnu Digambar Paluskar in Raga Mishra Gara.
The 10 Rupees Postage stamp depicting Mahatma Gandhi, issued by India in 1948, is one of India's most famous stamps. On 15 August 1948, on the occasion of the first anniversary of India's Independence Day, Gandhi was honored as the first Indian to be depicted on stamps of India. A set of 100 of these stamps was overprinted with the word "Service" and provided only to the Governor General of India for his official use. The 10 Rupees "Service" overprinted stamp is one of India's rarest and most highly valued stamps.
The national symbols of Serbia are things which are emblematic, representative or otherwise characteristic of Serbia and the Serbian people or Serbian culture. Some are established, official symbols; the flag, the coat of arms and the national anthem, are all sanctioned in the Constitution of Serbia. Other symbols may not have official status, for one reason or another, but are likewise recognised and emblematic at a national or international level.
The Gandhi family is the family of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi; Mahatma meaning "high souled" or "venerable" in Sanskrit; the particular term 'Mahatma' was accorded Mohandas Gandhi for the first time while he was still in South Africa, and not commonly heard as titular for any other civil figure even of similarly rarefied stature or living or posthumous presence.
it has been well documented that Sir Lynden Pindling was the leader of the political movement that led to the attainment of majority rule on January 10, 1967, and that he is recognized as the ৭ of the Nation — the man who was the country's leader when The Bahamas obtained its independence from the United Kingdom on July 10, 1973.
Rt. Honourable George Cadle Price, "Father of the Nation" of Belize
Even Prime Minister Dean Barrow calls George Price the father of the nation[ permanent dead link ]
Cuba commemorates this Sunday the beginning of its wars of independence, the 10 of October of 1868, when the insigne patriotic Carlos Manuel de Cespedes, considered the Father of the Motherland, gave the freedom to his slaves to begin the fight by the liberation of the Nation.
Mahatma Gandhi was never accorded the 'Father of the Nation' title by Government of India and no rule or ordinance was ever passed in this regard. ... Article 18 (1) of the Constitution does not permit any titles except education and military ones. ... a bench comprising Chief Justice SA Bobde and justices BR Gavai and Surya Kant, had observed, 'Mahatma Gandhi is the Father of the Nation and people hold him in high esteem, beyond any formal recognition'.
Known as the "Father of the Nation", Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam has throughout his political career from 1940 to 1982 been closely associated with the significant emancipation of the people of Mauritius and has led the struggle for Independence.
Miguel Hidalgo, considerado el "padre de la patria" mexicana
Today the nation marks the 60th Death anniversary of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-e-Azam, meaning "Great Leader" and Baba-e-Qaum meaning Father of the Nation.[ permanent dead link ]
ОТАЦ ОТАЏБИНЕ – КАРАЂОРЂЕ ПЕТРОВИЋ
да се на престо српски поврати њен ослободилац и оснивалац: Отац Отаџбине, Милош Обреновић Велики,
Отац Отаџбине Св. Сава је надахнуо Немањи- ну државу идеалима хришћанског патриотизма и створио слободну цркву у слободној држави. Држа- ва је Отечество – земља мојих ота- ца. Држава не сме да буде импери- ја, јер где ...
This letter is sent by all the Dervishes, the Amir, and all the Dolbahanta to the Ruler of Berbera ... We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects ... (reply) In his last letter the Mullah pretends to speak in the name of the Dervishes, their Amir (himself), and the Dolbahanta tribes. This letter shows his object is to establish himself as the Ruler of the Dolbahanta
His Highness Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the late UAE President and Ruler of Abu Dhabi, a man affectionately known as 'The Father of The Nation' for his work as an architect of the UAE Federation.
He was frequently referred to as the father of the nation.
1764: Nace en Montevideo (Uruguay) José Gervasio Artigas, iniciador rioplatense del federalismo y padre de la independencia uruguaya. Falleció cerca de Asunción el 23 de septiembre de 1850.
José Gervasio Artigas, who doggedly led his guerrilla bands against the Spanish armies and raised the flag of a free Uruguay, is affectionately remembered by his fellow countrymen as "the father of Uruguayan independence.