Member State of the Arab League |
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Cabinet |
Omanportal |
The Basic Statute of the State [1] [2] (also referred to as Basic Law) is the cornerstone of the Omani legal system and it operates as a constitution for the country. The Basic Statute was issued in the year 1996 and thus far has been amended twice: once in 2011 as a response to protests occurring during the Arab Spring, [3] and once in 2021 to introduce procedures for the appointment of a crown prince and new rules for parliament. [4] [5]
The Basic Statute stipulates that the system of governance is Sultani hereditary in the male descendants of Sayyid Turki bin Said bin Sultan, that the Sultan is the Head of the State and the Supreme Commander of Armed Forces, that he is to preside over the Council of Ministers, and that he is responsible for promulgating laws and appointing judges.
The Basic Statute also stipulates that the Council of Ministers is the body responsible for implementing the general policies of the state, that Council of Oman, which is made up of the State Council, an appointed body, and the Shura Council, an elected body, is responsible for reviewing legislation and submitting it to the Sultan for royal assent, and that the judiciary is guaranteed independence.
Although Islam is Oman's state religion, the Basic Law guarantees the “freedom to practice religious rites in accordance with recognized customs...provided that it does not disrupt public order or conflict with accepted standards of behavior.”
The Basic Law forbids discrimination founded on “sex, ethnicity, color, language, religion, sect, domicile or social status.”
Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country located in West Asia. It is situated on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and spans the mouth of the Persian Gulf. It shares land borders with Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen, while sharing maritime borders with Iran and Pakistan. The capital and largest city is Muscat. Oman has a population of 5,492,196 and is ranked the 120th most populous country. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by United Arab Emirates on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.
The Politics of Oman take place in a framework of an absolute monarchy, where the Sultan of Oman is both head of state and head of government. The Sultan is hereditary, who appoints a cabinet to assist him. The sultan also serves as the supreme commander of the armed forces and prime minister.
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The Council of State is the upper house of the Council of Oman. It has 83 members all of whom are appointed by the Sultan. The other house is the Consultative Assembly.
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The Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs (MJLA) was the governmental body in the Sultanate of Oman that is responsible for drafting legislation and providing other government bodies with legal advice. It was a distinct body from the Ministry of Justice and the Public Prosecution, and they were both merged into the Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs in August 2020.
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The Foreign Ministry is the government body in the Sultanate of Oman responsible for organising and directing Oman's relations with other countries and with regional and international organisations.
The Ministry of Energy and Minerals (MEM) is the governmental body in the Sultanate of Oman responsible for developing and implementing the government policy for exploiting the oil and gas resources in Oman.
The Ministry of Awqaf and Religious Affairs (MARA) is the governmental body in the Sultanate of Oman responsible for overseeing all matters related to awqaf and religious affairs.
The Ministry of Finance (MOF) is the governmental body in the Sultanate of Oman responsible for all government financial matters.
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Haitham bin Tariq Al Said is Sultan and Prime Minister of Oman.
The succession to the Omani throne constitutes those individuals eligible to succeed to the throne of the Sultanate of Oman.