English name

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English names are personal names used in, or originating in, England. In England, as elsewhere in the English-speaking world, a complete name usually consists of one or more given names, commonly referred to as first names, and a (most commonly patrilineal, rarely matrilineal) family name or surname, also referred to as a last name. The given names after the first are often referred to as middle names. [1]

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Given names

Few given names used in England have English derivations. Many names are of Hebrew (Daniel, David, Elizabeth, Susan) or Greek (Nicholas, Dorothy, George, and Helen) origin. Some are Germanic names, sometimes adopted via the transmission of French (Robert, Richard, Gertrude, Charlotte) or originate from Indo-European (Adrian, Amelia, Patrick) or Celtic.

A small fraction of given names has an actual English derivation (see Anglo-Saxon names), such as Alfred, Ashley, Edgar, Edmund, Edward, Edwin, Harold and Oswald. A distinctive feature of Anglophone names is the surnames of important families used as given names, originally to indicate political support or patronage. Many examples have now become normal names chosen because parents like them, and any political sense lost. Most are male names like Cecil, Gerald[ citation needed ], Howard, Percy, Montague, Stanley or Gordon, though some of those some have female versions like Cecilia or Geraldine. Other languages have few equivalents, although the saint's surname Xavier is often used by Roman Catholics.

During the majority of the 19th century, the most popular given names were Mary for girls and either John or William for boys. Throughout the Early Modern period, the diversity of given names was comparatively small; the three most frequent male given names accounted for close to 50% of the male population throughout this period. For example, of the boys born in London in the year 1510, 24.4% were named John, 13.3% were named Thomas and 11.7% were named William. [2] A trend towards more diversity in given names began in the mid-19th century, and by 1900, only 22.9% of the newborn boys, and 16.2% of the newborn girls in the UK shared the top three given names for each gender. The trend continued during the 20th century, and by 1994, these figures had fallen to 11% and 8.6%, respectively. This trend is a result of a combination of greater individualism in the choice of names, and the increasing ethnic heterogeneity of the UK population, which led to a wider range of frequent given names from non-European traditions. Oliver and Olivia were the most popular baby names in England and Wales [3] in 2018.

Translations

Translations of male English given names
EnglishFrenchGermanGreekItalianPortugueseSpanish
AaronAaronAaronAarónAronneArãoAarón
AbelAbelAbelÁvel-AbelAbel
AbrahamAbrahamAbrahamAvraámAbramoAbraãoAbraham
AdamAdamAdamAdám-AdãoAdán
AdolphAdolpheAdolf-AdolfoAdolfoAdolfo
AdrianAdrienAdrianAdrianósAdrianoAdrianoAdrián
AlbertAlbertAlbertAlvértosAlbertoAlbertoAlberto
AlexanderAlexandreAlexanderAléxandrosAlessandroAlexandreAlejandro
AlexAlexisAlexisAléxisAlessi-Alej
AlexiosAlexiosAlexiosAléxiosAlessioAleixoAlejo
AlfredAlfredAlfred-AlfredoAlfredoAlfredo
AlphonseAlphonseAlfons-AlfonsoAfonsoAlfonso
AmadeusAmédéeAmadeusAmedaíosAmedeoAmadeuAmadeo
AmosAmosAmos-AmosAmósAmós
AnastasiusAnastase-AnastásiosAnastasioAnastácioAnastásio
AndrewAndréAndreasAndréasAndreaAndréAndrés
Angel AngeEngelÁngelosAngeloAnjoÁngel
AnthonyAntoineAntonAntóniosAntonioAntônioAntonio
ArcadiusArcadiusArkadiusArkádiosArcadioArcádioArcadio
Archangel ArchangeErzengelArchángelosArcangeloArcanjoArcángel
ArnoldArnaudArnold-ArnoldoArnaldoArnoldo
ArnulfArnoulArnolf-ArnolfoArnulfoArnulfo
ArthurArthurArthur-ArturoArturArturo
AsherAserAscher-AserAserAser
BartholomewBarthélemyBartholomäusVartholomaíosBartolomeoBartolomeuBartolomé
BasilBasilicBasilikumVasilikósBasilicoManjericãoAlbahaca
BenjaminBenjaminBenjaminVeniamínBeniaminoBenjamimBenjamin
BillyBasile-VasíleiosBasilioBasílioBasílio
CalebCalebKaleb-CalebCalebeCaleb
CarlomanCarlomanKarlmann-CarlomannoCarlomanoCarlomán
CharlesCharlesKarlKárolosCarloCarlosCarlos
ChristianChristianChristianChristianósCristianoCristianoCristián
ChristopherChristopheChristophChristóforosCristoforoCristóvãoCristóball
ConradConradKonrad-CorradoConradoConrado
ConstantineConstantinKonstantinKonstantínosCostantinoConstantinoConstantino
CorneliusCornéliusCorneliusKorníliosCornelioCornélioCornelio
DamianDamienDamianDamianósDamianoDamiãoDamián
DanielDanielDanielDaniílDanieleDanielDaniel
DavidDavidDavidDavídDavideDaviDavid
DennisDenisDennisDionýsiosDionisioDionísioDionisio
EdmundEdmondEdmund-EdmundoEdmundoEdmundo
EdgarEdgarEdgar-EdgardoEdgarEdgar
EdwardÉdouardEduardEdouárdosEdoardoEduardoEduardo
EliÉliEli-EliEliEli
ElijahÉlieEliasIlíasEliaElíasElías
EmmanuelEmmanuelEmanuelEmmanouílEmanueleManuelManuel
EphraimÉphraïmEphraimEfraímEfraimEfraimEfraín
EricÉricErichErríkosEricoÉricoErico
Ethan-Etan----
EugeneEugèneEugenEvgéniosEugenioEugênioEugenio
EustaceEustacheEustachiusEfstáchyosEustachioEustácioEustaquio
EvansEvangelos-EvángelosEvangelo--
EzekielÉzéchielEzechiel-EzechieleEzequielEzequiel
EzraEsdrasEsra-ÉsdraEsdrasEsdras
FelixFélixFelix-FeliceFélixFélix
FrancisFrançoisFranzFrangiskosFrancescoFranciscoFrancisco
FrederickFrédéricFriedrichFrideríkosFedericoFredericoFederico
GabrielGabrielGabrielGavriílGabrieleGabrielGabriel
GavinGabinGabinus-GavinoGavinoGabino
GeorgeGeorgesGeorgGeórgiosGiorgioJorgeJorge
GeraldGéraldGerhold-GiraldoGeraldoGeraldo
GerardGérardGerhard-GerardoGerardoGerardo
GilesGillesÄgidiusAigidiósEgidioEgídioEgidio
GregoryGrégoireGregorGrigóriosGregorioGregórioGregorio
GuyGuyGuido-GuidoGuidoGuido
HaroldHaroudHarald-AroldoHaroldoHaroldo
Hector--ÉktorEttoreHeitorHector
HenryHenriHeinrichEnríkosEnricoHenriqueEnrique
HerbertHerbertHeribert-ErbertoHerbertoHerberto
HezekiahÉzéchiasHiskija-EzechiaEzequiasEzequías
HiramHiramHiram-HiramHirãoHiram
Homer--ÓmirosOmeroHomero-
HonoriusHonoréHonorius-OnorioHonórioHonorio
HoraceHoraceHoraz--HorácioHoracio
HowardHouardHoward-HovardHowardHoward
HubertHubertHubertOuvértosUbertoHubertoHuberto
HughHuguesHugo-UgoHugoHugo
IsaacIsaacIsaakIsaákIsaccoIsaacIsaac
IsaiahIsaïeJesajaIsaíasIsaiaIsaíasIsaías
IsraelIsraëlIsrael-IsraeleIsraelIsrael
JackJacquesHansGiánnisGianniJucaJuan
JacobJacobJakobIákovosGiacobbeJacóJacobo
JamesJacquesJakobIákovosGiacomoThiagoSantiago
JaredYaredJered-IaredJaredeJared
JeffreyGeoffroyGottfried-GoffredoGodofredoGodofredo
JeremiahJérémieJeremiasIeremíasGeremiaJeremiasJeremías
JeromeJérômeHieronymusIerónymosGerolamoJerônimoJerónimo
JesseJesséIsaiIessaíasIesseJesséJesé
JesusJésusJesusIisoúsGesùJesusJesús
JohnJeanJohannIoánnisGiovanniJoãoJuan
JonahJonasJonaIonásGionaJonasJonás
JonasJonasJonaIonásGionaJonasJonás
JonathanJonathanJonatanIonáthanGionatanJônatasJonatán
JosephJosephJosefIosífGiuseppeJoséJosé
JoshuaJosuéJosuaIisoúsGiosuèJosuéJosué
JosiahJosiasJoschija-GiosiaJosiasJosías
JudahJudaJuda-GiudaJudáJudá
JulianJulienJulianIoulianósGiulianoJulianoJulián
JuliusJulesJuliusIouliosGiulioJúlioJulio
Kenneth--KenéthCanizioKennethKenneth
KevinKevinKevinKévin-KevinKevin
LawrenceLaurentLorenzLavrentiosLorenzoLaurêncioLorenzo
LazarusLazareLazarusLázarosLazzaroLázaroLázaro
LeviLéviLevi-LeviLeviLeví
LothairLothaireLothar-LotarioLotárioLotario
LouisLouisLudwigLoízosLuigiLuísLuis
LukeLucLukasLoukásLucaLucasLucas
Marianos--MariánnosMarianoMarianoMariano
MarkMarcMarkusMárkosMarcoMarcosMarcos
MartinMartinMartin-MartinoMartinhoMartín
MatthewMatthieuMatthäusMatthaíosMatteoMateusMateo
MicahMichéeMichaMichaíasMicheaMiqueiasMiqueas
MichaelMichelMichaelMichaílMicheleMiguelMiguel
MosesMoïseMoseMoysísMosèMoisésMoisés
NathanNathanNatanNathanaílNatanNatãNatán
NicholasNicolasNikolausNikòlaosNiccolòNicolauNicolás
NoahNoéNoachNoeNoèNoéNoé
OctavianOctaveOktavianOktavianósOttavioOtávioOctavio
OrestesOresteOrestOréstisOresteOrestesOrestés
OrpheusOrphéeOrpheusOrféasOrfeoOrfeuOrfeo
OscarOscarOskar-OscarÓscarÓscar
OswaldOsvaldOswald-OsvaldoOsvaldoOsvaldo
OttoOttonOttoÓthonOttoneOtãoOtón
PatrickPatricePatrickPatríkiosPatrizioPatrícioPatricio
PaulPaulPaulPávlosPaoloPauloPablo
PeterPierrePeterPétrosPietroPedroPedro
PhaedonPhédon-FaídonFedone-Fedón
PhilipPhilippePhilippFílipposFilippoFilipeFelipe
PhineasPhinéePinchas-FineasFineiasFineas
PlutarchPlutarquePlutarchPloútarchosPlutarcoPlutarcoPlutarco
ProsperProsperProsper-ProsperoPrósperoPróspero
RalphRaoulRalph-RaulRaulRaúl
RaphaelRaphaëlRaphaelRafaílRaffaeleRafaelRafael
ReubenRubenRuben-RubenRubemRubén
RichardRichardRichardRichárdosRiccardoRicardoRicardo
RobertRobertRobertRovertosRobertoRobertoRoberto
RoderickRodrigueRoderichRodrícoRodrigoRodrigoRodrigo
RudolphRodolpheRudolfRodólfosRodolfoRodolfoRodolfo
SamsonSamsonSimsonSampsónSansoneSansãoSansón
SamuelSamuelSamuelSamouílSamueleSamuelSamuel
SaulSaülSaul-SaulSauloSaúl
SethSethSet-SetSeteSet
SimeonSiméonSimeonSymeónSimeoneSimeãoSimeón
SimonSimonSimonSymeónSimoneSimãoSimón
SolomonSalomonSalomoSolomónSalomoneSalomãoSalomón
SpyrusSpyridon-SpyrídonSpiridione-Spiridión
StanislausStanislasStanislaus-StanislaoEstanislauEstanislao
StephenStéphaneStephanStéfanosStefanoEstevãoEsteban
TammyAthanaseAthanasiusAthanásiosAtanasioAtanásioAtanasio
TheodoreThéodoreTheodorTheódorosTeodoroTeodoroTeodoro
ThomasThomasThomasThomásTommasoTomásTomás
TimothyTimothéeTimotheusTimótheosTimoteoTimóteoTimoteo
VangelVangélis-VangélisVangeli--
VictorVictorViktorVíktorasVittorioVítorVíctor
WalterGautierWalther-GualtieroGualtérioGualterio
WilliamGuillaumeWilhelmGouliélmosGuglielmoGuilhermeGuillermo
ZacharyZacharieSacharjaZacharíasZaccariaZacariasZacarías
Translations of female English given names
EnglishFrenchGermanGreekHungarianItalianPortugueseSpanish
AlexandraAlexandraAlexandraAlexándraAlexandraAlessandraAlexandraAlejandra
Alice AliceAliceAlíkiAliceAliceAliceAlicia
AmyAimée-AmántaAmántaAmataAmadaAmada
AgnesAgnèsAgnesAgníÁgnesAgneseInêsInés
AnastasiaAnastasie-Anastasía-AnastasiaAnastáciaAnastásia
AngelaAngèleAngelaÁngelaAngélaÁngelaÂngelaÁngela
AngelicaAngéliqueAngelika-AngyalkaAngelicaAngélicaAngélica
Angie AngéliqueAngelikaAngelikí-ÁngelaÂngelaÁngela
AnnAnneAnnaÁnnaAnnaAnnaAnaAna
AnnabelAnnabelle----AnabelaAnabel
AntoniaAntoinette-Antonía-AntonellaAntônia-
BarbaraBarbeBarbaraVarváraBorbálaBarbaraBárbaraBárbara
BaselBâleBaselVasileíaBázelBasileaBasiliaBasilia
CatherineCatherineKatarinaEkateríniKatalinCaterinaCatarinaCatalina
CharlotteCharlotteCharlotte-SaroltaCarlottaCarlotaCarlota
ChristineChristineChristinaChristínaKrisztinaCristinaCristinaCristina
DaniellaDanielleDanielaDaniéla-DanielaDanielaDaniela
DorothyDorothéeDorotheaDorothéaDorottyaDoroteaDoroteiaDorotea
EleanorÉléonoreEleonoraEleonóraEleonóraEleonoraLeonorLeonor
ElizabethÉlisabethElisabethElisávetErzsébetElisabettaElisabete/IsabelElisabet/Isabella
EugeniaEugénie-Eugenía-EugeniaEugêniαEugenia
EmmanuellaEmmanuelle-Emmanouilía-EmanuelaManoelaManuela
EmeraldÉmeraudeSmaragdSmarágda-EsmeraldaEsmeraldaEsmeralda
Evangelie ÉvangélineEvangelinaEvangelía-Evangelina-Evangelina
EvaÉvaEvaÉvaÉvaEvaEvaEva
EveÉveEveÉvi / ParaskevíÉveEveEveEve
FelicityFélicitéFelicitas-FelicitásFelicitaFelicidadeFelicidad
FrancesFrançoiseFranziskaFrangiskaFranciskaFrancescaFranciscaFrancisca
FredericaFrédériqueFriedericaFrideríki-FedericaFredericaFederica
GabrielaGabrielleGabrielaGavriéla-GabrielaGabrielaGabriela
HelenHélèneHelenaEléniIlonaElenaHelenaElena
JoannaJeanneJohannaIoánna-GiovannaJoanaJuana
JosephaJosèpheJosepha-JozefaGiuseppaJosefaJosefa
JosephineJoséphineJosephineIosifínaJozefinaGiuseppinaJosefinaJosefina
LouiseLouiseLouisaLouízaLujzaLuisaLuísaLuisa
LucyLucieLuciaLoukíaLucaLuciaLúciaLucía
MagdaleneMadeleineMagdalenaMagdaliníMagdalénaMaddalenaMadalenaMagdalena
MargaretMargueriteMargaretaMargarítaMargarétaMargheritaMargaridaMargarita
MarianaMarianne-Mariánna-MarianaMarianaMariana
MarinaMarineMarinaMarína-MarinaMarinaMarina
MarthaMartheMartheMárthaMártaMartaMartaMarta
MarianthiMariantheMariantheMariánthi-MariantiMarianthiMarianthi
MaryMarieMariaMaríaMáriaMariaMariaMaría
NicoleNicole-NikoléttaNikolettNicoletta-Nicolasa
PaulaPaulePaulaPolínaPaulaPaοlaPaulaPaula
PaulinaPaulinePaulinaPavlínaPaulinaPaolinaPaulinaPaulina
PenelopePénélopePenelopePinelópiPénelopéPenelopePenélopePenélope
QueenReineKöniginVasílissa-ReginaRainhaReina
RaphaelaRaphaëlleRaffaelaRafailía-RaffaellaRafaelaRafaela
RebeccaRebeccaRebekkaRevékka-RebeccaRebecaRebeca
SimoniSimone-Simóni-Simone--
SophiaSophieSophiaSofíaZsófiaSofiaSofiaSofía
Sunday--Kyriakí-DomenicaDiomingaDominga
SusanSuzanneSusanneSouzánaZsuzsannaSusannaSusanaSusana
SylviaSylvieSylviaSýlviaSzilviaSilviaSílviaSilvia
TheresaThérèseTheresa-TeréziaTeresaTeresaTeresa
ValerieValérie-Valéria-ValeriaValeriaValeria
Vicky BasiliqueBasilikaVasilikíBazilikaBasilicaBasílicaBasílica
Victoria VictoireViktoriaViktoríaVictoriaVittoriaVitóriaVictoria
VickoVictoireViktoriaViktoríaVictoriaVittoriaVitóriaVictoria
Violet Violette-Violétta-ViolettaVioletaVioleta

Surnames

According to Christopher Daniell, in 1140 marked what might be the first recorded use of a modern surname, inherited by multiple generations. These were not always regularly formed: for example, the sons of a certain French named Robert used a modern inheritable surname, FitzGerald , in honour of an earlier relative, named Gerald. [4]

While it is normal for a child to be given one of their parents' surnames, traditionally the father's (or increasingly some combination of the two), there is nothing in UK law that explicitly requires this. Under English common law, a person may use any name as a legal name, though most people use their birth name (as registered on the Register of Births, Marriages and Deaths, regulated by the Registration of Births and Deaths Regulations 1987, which allows only characters that are used in English or Welsh), often using a spouse's surname (proved with a marriage certificate), or (if an adult) a name formally declared by deed poll. No regulations include any specific provisions regarding what names are acceptable. Nonetheless, the General Register Office and various organizations that help with creating and enrolling deed polls will reject anything that is unreasonable (racist, offensive, fraudulent, implying a title of nobility not held, unpronounceable, not in the Latin script, etc.).

Compound surnames

Double-barrelled names may be formed for a variety of reasons, including combining of spouses' surnames upon marriage or, more commonly in the past, adding another family's surname as a condition of inheritance. [5]

Compound surnames in English feature two or more words, often joined by a hyphen or hyphens: for example, Henry Hepburne-Scott. A few families have three or four words making up their surname, such as Charles Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 21st Baron Clinton and Alexander Charles Robert Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 9th Marquess of Londonderry. However, it is not unusual for compound surnames to be composed of separate words not linked by a hyphen, for example Iain Duncan Smith, a former leader of the Conservative Party, whose surname is "Duncan Smith".

See also

Related Research Articles

When a person assumes the family name of their spouse, in some countries that name replaces the person's previous surname, which in the case of the wife is called the maiden name, whereas a married name is a family name or surname adopted upon marriage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Surname</span> Hereditary portion of a personal name

A surname, family name, or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full name of a person, although several given names and surnames are possible in the full name. In modern times the "hereditary" requirement is a traditional, although common, interpretation, since in most countries a person has a right for a name change.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Korean name</span>

Korean names are names that place their origin in, or are used in, Korea. A Korean name in the modern era typically consists of a surname followed by a given name, with no middle names. A number of Korean terms for names exist. For full names, seongmyeong, seongham, or ireum (이름) are commonly used. When a Korean name is written in Hangul, there is no space between the surname and the given name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chinese name</span>

Chinese names are personal names used by individuals from Greater China and other parts of the Sinophone world. Sometimes the same set of Chinese characters could be chosen as a Chinese name, a Hong Kong name, a Japanese name, a Korean name, a Malaysian Chinese name, or a Vietnamese name, but they would be spelled differently due to their varying historical pronunciation of Chinese characters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stephen</span> Name list

Stephen or Steven is a common English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen, an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; he is widely regarded as the first martyr of the Christian Church.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Given name</span> Part of a personal name

A given name is the part of a personal name that identifies a person, potentially with a middle name as well, and differentiates that person from the other members of a group who have a common surname. The term given name refers to a name usually bestowed at or close to the time of birth, usually by the parents of the newborn. A Christian name is the first name which is given at baptism, in Christian custom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern Slavic naming customs</span>

Eastern Slavic naming customs are the traditional way of identifying a person's family name, given name, and patronymic name in East Slavic cultures in Russia and some countries formerly part of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.

A double-barrelled name is a type of compound surname, typically featuring two words, often joined by a hyphen. Notable people with double-barrelled names include Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, and JuJu Smith-Schuster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Princess</span> Regal rank and the feminine equivalent of prince

Princess is a title used by a female member of a monarch's family or by a female ruler. The male equivalent is a prince. Most often, the term has been used for the consort of a prince, or for the daughter of a monarch. A crown princess can be the heir apparent to the throne or the spouse of the heir apparent.

French names typically consist of one or multiple given names, and a surname. One given name, usually the first, and the surname are used in a person's daily life, with the other given names used mainly in official documents. Middle names, in the English sense, do not exist. Initials are not used to represent second or further given names.

A legal name is the name that identifies a person for legal, administrative and other official purposes. A person's legal birth name generally is the name of the person that was given for the purpose of registration of the birth and which then appears on a birth certificate, but may change subsequently. Most jurisdictions require the use of a legal name for all legal and administrative purposes, and some jurisdictions permit or require a name change to be recorded at marriage. The legal name may need to be used on various government issued documents. The term is also used when an individual changes their name, typically after reaching a certain legal age. A person's legal name typically is the same as their personal name, comprising a given name and a surname. The order varies according to culture and country. There are also country-by-country differences on changes of legal names by marriage. Most countries require by law the registration of a name for newborn children, and some can refuse registration of "undesirable" names.

Liam is a short form of the Irish name Uilliam or the old Germanic name William.

Dutch names consist of one or more given names and a surname. The given name is usually gender-specific.

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Canadian naming conventions vary based on whether one is Indigenous, English Canadian, or French Canadian.

In Finland, a person must have a surname and at least one given name with up to four given names permitted. Surnames are inherited either patrilineally or matrilineally, while given names are usually chosen by a person's parents. Finnish names come from a variety of dissimilar traditions that were consolidated only in the early 20th century. The first national act on names came into force in 1921, and it made surnames mandatory. Between 1930 and 1985, the Western Finnish tradition whereby a married woman took her husband's surname was mandatory. Previously in Eastern Finland, this was not necessarily the case. On 1 January 2019, the reformed Act on Forenames and Surnames came into force.

A Turkish name consists of an ad or an isim and a soyadı or soyisim (surname). Turkish names exist in a "full name" format. While there is only one soyadı (surname) in the full name there may be more than one ad. Married women may carry both their maiden and husband's surnames. The soyadı is written as the last element of the full name, after all given names.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrew</span> Name list

Andrew is the English form of the given name, common in many countries. The word is derived from the Greek: Ἀνδρέας, Andreas, itself related to Ancient Greek: ἀνήρ/ἀνδρός aner/andros, "man", thus meaning "manly" and, as consequence, "brave", "strong", "courageous", and "warrior". In the King James Bible, the Greek "Ἀνδρέας" is translated as Andrew.

A name in Romanian tradition consists of a given name (prenume) and a family name (surname). In official documents, surnames usually appear before given names.

The United States has very few laws governing given names. This freedom has given rise to a wide variety of names and naming trends. Naming traditions play a role in the cohesion and communication within American cultures. Cultural diversity in the U.S. has led to great variations in names and naming traditions and names have been used to express creativity, personality, cultural identity, and values.

References

  1. ↑ "English Names". www.behindthename.com.
  2. ↑ Douglas A. Galbi. Long-Term Trends in Personal Given Name Frequencies in the UK, 2002
  3. ↑ "Baby names in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk.
  4. ↑ Christopher Daniell (2013). From Norman Conquest to Magna Carta: England 1066–1215. Routledge. p. 33. ISBN   9781136356971 . Retrieved 2017-10-26.
  5. ↑ Denison, David; Hogg, Richard (2008). A History of the English Language. Cambridge University Press. p. 334.
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