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Personal names in Bengali-speaking countries consist of one or several given names and a surname. The given is usually gender-specific. A name is usually cited in the "Western order" of "given name, surname", though the practise is neither adopted from the West nor universal. Personal names may depend generally on the person's religion and also have origins from other languages like Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit and Pali, but they are used and pronounced as according to the native Bengali language.
Many people in Bangladesh and West Bengal have two given names: a "good name" (Bengali : ভালো নাম, romanized: bhalo nam), which is used on all legal documents, and a "call name" or "nickname" (Bengali : ডাক নাম, romanized: dak nam), which is used by family members and close friends.
The two names may or may not be at all related; for example, a man named "Shumon" or "Sumon" or "Suman" (Bengali : সুমন) may be called by his dak nam (e.g. Bengali : বুবাই, romanized: Bubai) at home and by his bhalo nam (Bengali : সুমন, romanized: Shumon) elsewhere.
Many people also have a shortened version of their bhalo nam. For example, Dipu (Bengali : দিপু) for Dipok (Bengali : দীপক), and Faru (Bengali : ফারু) for Farhana (Bengali : ফারহানা), in addition to their full bhalo nam and their dak nam.
Furthermore, the “first name” may also be a part of a name as a whole. For example, “Abd al-Rahmaan” (pronounced Abd-ur-Rahman in Arabic nominative case) is a name in and of itself, but when cited in a Bangladeshi legal document, the first part “Abdur” is often cited as the “first name” and “Rahman” is cited as the “last name”.
Though middle names are very common in Bangladesh, not every individual has one; this applies to West Bengal as well. Recently, many people have begun to add their dak nam to the middle or end of their full official name, resulting in names like "Saifuddin Kanchon Choudhuri" (সাইফুদ্দীন কাঞ্চন চৌধুরী), where "Saifuddin" would be the man's bhalo nam, "Kanchon" would be his dak nam and "Choudhuri" would be his family name. "Saifuddin Kanchon Choudhuri" could also be written as "Saifuddin Choudhuri Kanchon" dak nam in the end, depending on the choice of the person, how he/she displays their name. In these situations, this man would be correctly addressed "Mr. Choudhuri", not "Mr. Kanchon".
Bengali Muslim families mostly use names of Arabic origin, followed by Farsi and Bengali. Among Muslims of Bangladesh, there are several different naming conventions. There is no fixed scheme for the structure of names. [1] Many people do not really use a family name, so members of a family can have different last names. The system of usage of different family names in the same family may also be followed by non-Muslims because of the dominating name style of not having same family names in a family by Muslims in Bangladesh. Bengali Hindu families use names of Sanskrit origin, followed by Bengali. They use many names which are listed below. Some of their names are somewhat shortened and altered, like Chatterjee, owing to British influence. Some family names may be common between all religions, such as চৌধুরী (Choudhuri / Chowdhury), সরকার (Sorkar / Sarker / Sarkar) and বিশ্বাস (Bishwas).
S.No. | Name (Bangla alphabet) | Bangla Romanisation | Common Transliteration |
---|---|---|---|
1 | সৈয়দ | Shóíyod | Syed |
2 | শেখ | Shekh | Sheikh |
3 | কোরেশী | Koreshee | Quraishi |
3 | খন্দকার | Khondokar | Khandakar |
4 | মীর | Meer | Mir |
5 | আখুন্দ | Akhund | Akhund |
6 | প্রধান | Prodhan | Prodhan |
7 | মীর্জা (modern spelling- মির্জা) | Mirza | Mirza |
8 | শাহ | Shah | Shah |
9 | মুন্সী/মুনশী (modern spelling- মুন্সি/মুনশি) | Munshi | Munshi |
10 | দেওয়ান | Dewan | Dewan |
11 | গাজী (modern spelling- গাজি) | Gazi | Gazi |
12 | কাজী (modern spelling- কাজি) | Kazi | Kazi |
13 | খাঁ (modern spelling খান) | Khą/Khan | Khan |
14 | চৌধুরী | Cóúdhuree | Chowdhury |
15 | সরকার | Shorkar | Sarkar |
16 | মুহুরী | Muhuree | Muhuri |
17 | মল্ল | Mollo | Malla |
18 | পাটোয়ারী | Paŧowaree | Patwari |
19 | মোল্লা | Molla | Molla |
20 | ফকির | Fokir | Fakir |
22 | হাজারী | Hazaree | Hazari |
23 | শিকদার | Shikdar | Sikdar |
24 | তালুকদার | Talukdar | Taluqdar |
25 | মজুমদার | Mozumdar | Majumdar |
26 | হালদার | Haldar | Haldar |
27 | জোয়ার্দার | Jówardar/Jówaddar | Joardar |
28 | ইনামদার | Inamdar | Inamdar |
29 | মিয়া | Miya | Miah |
30 | সরদার | Shordar | Sardar |
31 | চাকলাদার | Cakladar | Chakladar |
32 | হাওলাদার | Haoladar | Howlader |
33 | ডিহিদার | Đihidar | Dihidar |
34 | ভূঁইয়া | Bhųiya | Bhuiyan |
35 | মুস্তাফী (modern spelling- মুস্তাফি) | Mustafi | Mustafi |
36 | মলঙ্গী | Molongee | Malangi |
37 | মাতুব্বর | Matubbor | Matubbar |
38 | গোমস্তা | Gómosta | Gomastha |
39 | পন্নী | Khan Ponni | Khan Panni |
40 | লোহানী (modern spelling- লোহানি) | Khan Lóhani | Khan Lohani |
41 | মুঘুল | Khan Mughul | Khan Mughal |
41 | কানুনগো | Kanungó | Kanungo |
42 | কারকুন | Karkun | Karkun |
43 | মল্লিক | Mollik | Mallik |
44 | মণ্ডল | Monđol | Mandal |
45 | বিশ্বাস | Bish'ash | Biswas |
46 | প্রামাণিক | Pramaꞥik | Pramanik |
48 | সাদিয়া | Sadiya | Sadia |
49 | মৃধা | Mridha | Mridha |
S. No. | Name (Bangla alphabet) | Bangla Romanisation | Common Transliteration |
---|---|---|---|
1 | ভট্টাচার্য্য (modern spelling- ভট্টাচার্য) | B́oŧŧacar̀j̄o | Bhattacharya (Bhottacharjo) |
2 | বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় (also ব্যানার্জী) | Bænar̀ɉy (Bondḑópad́ḑ́aj) | Banerjee (Bondopaddhay) |
3 | দেব | Deb / Dew | Deb (Deba) |
4 | বণিক | Boꞥik | Bonick (Bonik) |
5 | দে | De | Dey (De) |
6 | দত্ত | Dotto | Dutt (Dotto/Dutta ) |
7 | নস্কর | Noškor | Naskar (Noshkor) |
8 | ব্যাপারী | Bæpary | Bapary (Baepari) |
9 | বিশ্বাস | Biśṣ́aš | Bishwas (Bishshash) |
10 | ভৌমিক | B́óúmik | Bhowmick (Bhoumik) |
11 | বসু | Bošu | Bose (Boshu) |
12 | চক্রবর্তী | Cokrobor̀ty | Chakraborty (Chokrobort) |
13 | চট্টপাধ্যায় (also চ্যাটার্জী) | Cæŧar̀ɉy | Chatterjee (Chottopaddhay) |
14 | চৌধুরী | Cóúd́ury | Chowdhury (Choudhuri) |
15 | দাস | Daš | Das (Dash) |
16 | গায়েন | Gajen | Gain (Ga'en) |
17 | গুহ | Guho | Guha (Guho) |
18 | গঙ্গোপাধ্যায় (also গাঙ্গুলী) | Gaɲguly | Ganguly (Gonggopaddhay) |
19 | গুপ্ত | Gupto | Gupta (Gupto) |
20 | ঘোষ | Ǵós̊ | Ghosh |
21 | গোস্বামী | Góṣ̌amy | Goswami (Goshami) |
22 | প্রভুপাদ | Prob́upado | Prabhupada (Probhupado) |
23 | মজুমদার | Mozumdar | Mazumdar/Majumder (Mojumdar) |
24 | মিত্র | Mitro | Mitra (Mitro) |
25 | মুখোপাধ্যায় (also মুখার্জী) | Muḱar̀ɉy | Mukherjee (Mukhopaddhay) |
26 | নাথ | Nat́ | Nath |
27 | পুরকায়স্থ | Purkajost́o | Purkait (Puroka'ostho) |
28 | পাল | Pal | Paul/Pal (Pal) |
29 | রায় | Raj | Roy/Ray (Ra'i) |
30 | সাহা | Šaha | Saha (Shaha) |
31 | সরকার | Šorkar | Sarker/Sarkar (Shorkar) |
32 | সিংহ | Šiṅġho | Singha |
33 | সিংহ রায় | Šiṅġho Ray | Singha Roy/Sinha Roy (Singho Ray) |
34 | সেন | Šen | Sen (Shen) |
35 | ঠাকুর | Ŧ́akur | Tagore (Thakur) |
36 | চন্দ | Condo | Chanda (Chondo) |
37 | বাগচী | Bagcy | Bagchi |
38 | লস্কর | Loškor | Laskar (Loshkor) |
39 | ধর | Dhor | Dhar ( Dhor) |
40 | মৈত্র | Maitra | Maitra (Moitra) |
41 | কর | Kor | Kar (Kor) |
42 | ভাদুড়ী | Bhadury | Bhadury (Bhadury) |
43 | সান্যাল | Sanjal | Sanyal (Sannal':) |
44 | ঘোষাল | Gósál | Ghoshal (Ghoshal) |
45 | পাল চৌধুরী | Pal Cóúdúry | Pal Chowdhury (Pal Choudhury) |
46 | মাইতি | Máity | Maity (Maity) |
47 | দেবনাথ | Débnát | Debnath (Debnath) |
48 | ভট্টশালী | Bháttåsháli | Bhattashali (Bhattashali) |
49 | চট্টরাজ | Cóttóráj | Chattaraj (Chottoraj) |
50 | কানুনগো | Kánûngo | Kanungo (Kanungo) |
51 | লাহিড়ি | Láhîri | Lahiri (Lahiri) |
52 | দাশগুপ্ত | Dásgûpto | Dasgupta (Dashgupto) |
53 | সেনগুপ্ত | Séngûpto | Sengupta (Shengupto) |
54 | দত্তগুপ্ত | Dottogûpto | Duttagupta (Dottogupto) |
55 | দত্ত মজুমদার | Dottomazumdar | Dattamajumder (Dattamajumder) |
Bengali Buddhist Surname
Bengali Christian Surname
Many Bengali Christians use English and Portuguese surnames along with traditional surnames. Most Catholic Bengali Christians have Portuguese surname, such as: Gomes, Rozario, D'Costa, Gonsalvez, Cruze, Dias, D'Silva and D'Souza.
Muhammad (মোহাম্মদ), Mohammed, Mohamed, Mohammad, Mohammod, Muhammod is a common prefix used before the name of many Muslim males, and it is often not considered as the name used to refer to the person. In many cases, the "Muhammad" prefix is shortened to মোঃ ("Md.", or "MD."). Other common prefixes are not systematic. The prefix often serves as the first name and the given name appears as the middle name or last name. [2]
Arabic language names have historically been based on a long naming system. Many people from the Arabic-speaking and also non-Arab Muslim countries have not had given/middle/family names but rather a chain of names. This system remains in use throughout the Arabic and Muslim worlds.
The Bengali language movement was a political movement in former East Bengal in 1952 advocating the recognition of the Bengali language as a co-lingua franca of the then-Dominion of Pakistan to allow its use in government affairs, the continuation of its use as a medium of education, its use in media, currency and stamps, and to maintain its writing in the Bengali script.
Sylheti Nagri or Sylheti Nāgarī, known in classical manuscripts as Sylhet Nagri as well as by many other names, is an Indic script of the Brahmic family. The script was historically used in areas of Bengal and Assam that were east of the Padma, primarily in the eastern part of the Sylhet region, to document Muslim religious poetry known as puthis; having no presence in formal documentations. In the course of the 20th century, it has lost much ground to the standardised Eastern Nagari script. Printing presses for Sylheti Nagri existed as late as into the 1970s, and in the 2000s a Unicode font was created for the script.
The majority of Pakistani names are derived from Arabic, Persian, and Turkic names. In Pakistan, as in other Muslim countries, the use of family names is not as prominent as in Western countries and most Pakistanis have Arabic, Persian or Turkic names. Tribal, patronymic, nisba, or similar dynastic- or lineage-related, names are also widely used.
Abdul Gaffar Choudhury was a Bangladeshi-born British writer, journalist, columnist, political analyst and poet. He wrote the lyrics to "Amar Bhaier Rokte Rangano", a widely celebrated song commemorating the Bengali Language Movement. He was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1967, Ekushey Padak in 1983, and Independence Day Award in 2009.
Romanisation of Bengali is the representation of written Bengali language in the Latin script. Various romanisation systems for Bengali are used, most of which do not perfectly represent Bengali pronunciation. While different standards for romanisation have been proposed for Bengali, none has been adopted with the same degree of uniformity as Japanese or Sanskrit.
Dharmapasha (Bengali: ধর্মপাশা, romanized: Dhormopasha, also spelled as Dharampasha or Dharamapasha, is an upazila of Sunamganj District in the Division of Sylhet, Bangladesh.
The national language and official language of Bangladesh is Bangla according to the third article of the Constitution of Bangladesh. Almost 99% of Bangladeshis speak Bengali as their first language. Bengali Language Implementation Act, 1987 made it mandatory to use Bengali in all government affairs except in the cases of foreign relations. According to a 2022 census, Bengali is predominantly spoken by 99% of the country's population and it also serves as the national language of the nation. The indigenous people of northern and southeastern Bangladesh speak a variety of native languages. According to the Ethnologue, there are 36 indigenous living languages, which include 17 Tibeto-Burman, 10 Indo-Aryan, 7 Austroasiatic and 2 Dravidian languages in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has 44 indigenous languages according to Professor Shameem Reza.
Sadhu bhasha or Sanskritised Bengali was a historical literary register of the Bengali language most prominently used in the 19th to 20th centuries during the Bengali Renaissance. Sadhu-bhasha was used only in writing, unlike Cholito-bhasa, the colloquial form of the language, which was used in both writing and speaking. These two literary forms are examples of diglossia. Sadhu-bhasha was used in official documents and legal papers during the colonial period; however, it is mostly obsolete in the present day.
Fazlul Quader Chowdhury was a Bengali politician who served as the 5th speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan from East Pakistan. He belonged to Ayub Khan's Convention Muslim League. He was also the acting president of Pakistan from time to time when Ayub Khan left the country. His elder brother Fazlul Kabir Chowdhury was the leader of the opposition in East Pakistan assembly. Quader was preceded by Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan of Awami League.
Abdul Latif Chowdhury, widely known as Saheb Qiblah Fultali, was a late-twentieth century Bangladeshi Islamic scholar, mufassir, qāriʾ, poet and orator. As a prolific author, he completed several works in Arabic, Bengali and Urdu including Muntakhab as-Siyār and Anwar as-Sālikīn. His books are part of syllabic studies under the Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board. Fultali was the leading figure of the Islamic Arabic University movement and the demand for fazil and kamil qualifications to be recognised as bachelor's and master's degrees. He is the founder of several influential organisations and institutions in Bangladesh and the United Kingdom such as Anjumane Al Islah, Hazrat Shahjalal Darussunnah Yaqubia Kamil Madrasa and Madrasah-e-Darul Qirat Majidiah.
Ahmadiyya is a minority religion in Bangladesh. Although the first Bengalis to join the religion did covert during the lifetime of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the religion was first established as a community in the region of Bengal in 1913 by Syed Muhammad Abdul Wahed, during the Caliphate of Hakeem Noor-ud-Din. As the worldwide community is itself is an highly organised group under the Caliph, the national community works under the name Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Bangladesh or Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at Bangladesh. There are an estimated 100,000 Ahmadis in the country as of 2004.
The Muharram Rebellion was a Bengali uprising which took place in early December 1782 against the East India Company in colonial Sylhet, eastern Bengal. The rebellion was under the leadership of the Pirzada and his two brothers, Syed Muhammad Hadi and Syed Muhammad Mahdi. The main battle took place in the Mughal-built Sylhet Shahi Eidgah and its surrounding hills.
Abdul Matin Chowdhury, popularly known as Shaikh-e-Fulbari, was a Bengali religious scholar and political activist. A disciple of Hussain Ahmed Madani, he later gained his own following and was politically involved during the partition of India and independence of Bangladesh.
Gangadhwaj Govardhan was the 20th king of medieval Sylhet's Gour Kingdom.
Farhād Khān, also known as Nizam-e-Zamanah or Nizam-e-Zaman, was a Mughal military strategist who had many positions throughout his life. He was the most well-known Faujdar of Sylhet Sarkar, governing in the late 17th century during the reign of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. He was renowned for the construction of numerous bridges and places of worship in the region.
Dobhashi or Dobhashi Bengali is a neologism used to refer to a historical register of the Bengali language which borrowed extensively, in all aspects, from Arabic and Persian. It became the most customary form for composing puthi poetry predominantly using the traditional Bengali alphabet. However, Dobhashi literature has also been produced in the Sylhet Nagri script, as well as in the modified Arabic scripts of Chittagong and Nadia. The standardisation of the modern Bengali language during the colonial period, eventually led to its decline.
Zobeda Khanom Chowdhury, also known as Zobeda Rahim Chowdhury, was one among the leading woman who partook in the Bengali language movement from Sylhet and a pioneering women in Bangladeshi politics.
The Azim Choudhury Zamindar Bari is a historic estate and Bengali family based in the village of Dulai in Sujanagar, Pabna District.
The zamindars of Mahipur were a Bengali aristocratic family of feudal landowners. The zamindari estate encompassed the Chakla of Qazirhat under the Cooch Behar State since the Mughal period. Although their aristocratic status was lost with the East Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act of 1950, the Mahipur estate remains an important part of the history of Rangpur and belongs to one of the eighteen ancient zamindar families of Rangpur. The zamindari palace was lost as a result of flooding from the Teesta River, although the mosque, cemetery, polished reservoir and large draw-well can still be seen today.