Demographics of Bangladesh | |
---|---|
Population | 169,356,251 (2021 est.) [1] [2] |
Growth rate | 1.01% (2024 est.) [3] |
Birth rate | 17.71 births/1,000 population (2020 est.) [3] |
Death rate | 5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.) [3] |
Life expectancy | 73.2 years (2023) [4] |
• male | 73.1 years |
• female | 75.4 years |
Fertility rate | 2.30 children born/woman (2022) [5] |
Infant mortality rate | 24.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.) [3] |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 27.21% (2019 est.) [6] |
15–64 years | 67.61% (2019 est.) [6] |
65 and over | 5.18% (2019 est.) [6] |
Sex ratio | |
Total | 0.97 male(s)/female (2017 est.) [7] |
At birth | 104 male(s)/ 100 female (2021) [8] |
Under 15 | 103 male(s)/ 100 female (2021) [8] |
65 and over | 97 male(s)/ 100 female (2021) [8] |
Nationality | |
Nationality | Bangladeshi |
Major ethnic | Bengalis (99%) |
Minor ethnic | Chakma, Tripuri, Marma, Mundas, Garos (Achiks), Oraons, Santhals, Mro, Meitei people (Manipuri people [9] [10] [11] ), Zomi, Bihari Khasi |
Language | |
Official | Bengali |
Spoken | Bengali and its dialects |
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Bangladesh is the eighth-most populated country in the world with almost 2.2% of the world's population. As per the final results of the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, the country's population is 169,828,911. [12]
Bangladesh (previously East Pakistan between 1947 and 1971 and East Bengal before 1947) is largely ethnically homogeneous, and its name derives from the Bengali ethno-linguistic group which comprises 99% of the population. The Chittagong Hill Tracts, Sylhet, Mymensingh, Barisal and North Bengal regions are home to diverse tribal peoples. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the region. The dialect spoken by those in Chittagong and Sylhet are particularly distinctive. About (91.04%) of Bangladeshis are Muslims, followed by Hindus (largest-minority) at (7.95%), Buddhists (0.61%) and Christians (0.30%) and others (0.12%) as per 2022 census.
Bangladesh has one of the highest population densities in the world. The total fertility rate (TFR) has been reduced by more than two thirds since Independence. The current TFR in Bangladesh is 1.930 per woman, [13] globally considered to be below the benchmark for replacement level fertility.
At this TFR, and without migration, Bangladesh's population is expected to soon reach a stage where it neither grows nor shrinks, once the top of its age pyramid fills in. [14]
The April 2023 total population was 169,532,362 which makes Bangladesh the eighth-most populous country in the world.
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
The latest decennial census was conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics in 2022. [12]
Census date | Census population (millions) | Adjusted population (millions) |
---|---|---|
1801 | 14.5 | |
1851 | 20.3 | |
1901 | 28.928 | |
1911 | 31.555 | |
1921 | 33.255 | |
1931 | 35.602 | |
1941 | 41.997 | |
1951 | 41.932 | |
1961 | 50.840 | |
1974 | 71.479 | 76.398 |
1981 | 87.120 | 89.912 |
1991 | 106.313 | 111.455 |
2001 | 124.355 | 130.523 |
2011 | 142.319 | 152.518 |
2022 | 165.159 | 169.829 |
[16] | Total population (millions) | Population aged 0–14 (%) | Population aged 15–64 (%) | Population aged 65+ (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 37.895 | 41.2 | 54.8 | 3.9 |
1955 | 43.444 | 42.4 | 54.1 | 3.5 |
1960 | 50.102 | 43.6 | 53.1 | 3.3 |
1965 | 57.792 | 44.7 | 52.0 | 3.3 |
1970 | 66.881 | 44.7 | 51.8 | 3.4 |
1975 | 70.582 | 45.8 | 50.7 | 3.5 |
1980 | 80.624 | 45.0 | 51.4 | 3.6 |
1985 | 92.284 | 43.9 | 52.5 | 3.6 |
1990 | 105.256 | 42.5 | 53.8 | 3.7 |
1995 | 117.487 | 40.3 | 55.9 | 3.8 |
2000 | 127.658 | 37.0 | 59.2 | 3.9 |
2005 | 139.036 | 34.4 | 61.3 | 4.3 |
2010 | 147.575 | 32.0 | 63.2 | 4.8 |
2015 | 156.256 | 29.3 | 65.6 | 5.1 |
2020 | 164.689 | 26.8 | 68.0 | 5.2 |
Population by sex and age group (Census 15.III.2011):
Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 72 109 796 | 71 933 901 | 144 043 697 | 100 |
0–4 | 7 638 523 | 7 423 447 | 15 061 970 | 10.46 |
5–9 | 9 322 514 | 8 850 715 | 18 173 229 | 12.62 |
10–14 | 8 614 889 | 8 031 726 | 16 646 615 | 11.56 |
15–19 | 6 509 492 | 6 352 398 | 12 861 890 | 8.93 |
20–24 | 5 777 370 | 7 522 419 | 13 299 789 | 9.23 |
25–29 | 6 225 252 | 7 254 256 | 13 479 508 | 9.36 |
30–34 | 5 079 106 | 5 420 659 | 10 499 765 | 7.29 |
35–39 | 4 697 349 | 4 859 079 | 9 556 428 | 6.63 |
40–44 | 4 280 923 | 3 980 739 | 8 261 662 | 5.74 |
45–49 | 3 363 273 | 3 016 800 | 6 380 073 | 4.43 |
50–54 | 2 952 596 | 2 599 675 | 5 552 271 | 3.85 |
55–59 | 1 923 534 | 1 577 463 | 3 500 997 | 2.43 |
60–64 | 2 081 306 | 1 852 708 | 3 934 014 | 2.73 |
65–69 | 1 149 569 | 963 921 | 2 113 490 | 1.47 |
70–74 | 1 206 398 | 1 025 314 | 2 231 712 | 1.55 |
75–79 | 488 338 | 386 389 | 874 727 | 0.61 |
80–84 | 443 239 | 436 840 | 880 079 | 0.61 |
85–89 | 138 268 | 124 343 | 262 611 | 0.18 |
90–94 | 116 916 | 133 273 | 250 189 | 0.17 |
95+ | 100 941 | 121 737 | 222 678 | 0.15 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
0–14 | 25 575 926 | 24 305 888 | 49 881 814 | 34.63 |
15–64 | 42 890 201 | 44 436 196 | 87 326 397 | 60.62 |
65+ | 3 643 669 | 3 191 817 | 6 835 486 | 4.75 |
Population census by sex and age group (2022 census):
Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 84 077 203 | 85 653 120 | 169 828 909 | 100 |
0–4 | 7 940 000 | 7 630 000 | 9.44 | |
5–9 | 7 920 000 | 7 400 000 | 9.28 | |
10–14 | 8 510 000 | 7 820 000 | 9.89 | |
15–19 | 8 060 000 | 8 490 000 | 10.03 | |
20–24 | 6 710 000 | 8 270 000 | 9.08 | |
25–29 | 6 460 000 | 7 910 000 | 8.71 | |
30–34 | 5 650 000 | 6 460 000 | 7.34 | |
35–39 | 6 040 000 | 6 680 000 | 7.7 | |
40–44 | 5 120 000 | 4 920 000 | 6.08 | |
45–49 | 4 130 000 | 4 130 000 | 5.01 | |
50–54 | 4 000 000 | 3 780 000 | 4.72 | |
55–59 | 2 950 000 | 2 770 000 | 3.48 | |
60–64 | 3 010 000 | 2 590 000 | 3.39 | |
65–69 | 2 150 000 | 1 770 000 | 2.38 | |
70–74 | 1 570 000 | 1 260 000 | 1.71 | |
75–79 | 670 000 | 550 000 | 0.74 | |
80+ | 820 000 | 920 000 | 1.06 | |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Per cent |
0–14 | 24 535 272 | 23 929 621 | 48 464 893 | 28.81 |
15–64 | 54 843 936 | 55 713 243 | 110 557 179 | 65.72 |
65+ | 4 810 792 | 4 387 136 | 9 197 928 | 5.47 |
The following table lists various recent estimates of the population.
Source | Year | Population (millions) |
US State Dept [19] | 2005 | 144 |
Population Reference Bureau [20] | 2020 | 170 |
World Bank [21] | 2020 | 165 |
CIA World FactBook [22] | 2021 | 164 |
World Population Reference [23] | 2010 | 164 |
According to the OECD/World Bank population in Bangladesh increased from 1990 to 2008 with 44 million and 38% growth in population compared to 34% growth in India and 54% growth in Pakistan. The annual population growth 2007–2008 was 1.4% compared to India 1.35%, Pakistan 2.2%, Dem. Rep. of Congo 2.9%, Tanzania 2.9%, Syria 3.5% or Yemen 4.0%. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics between 1990 and 2008 the world population growth was 27% and 1,423 million persons. [24]
Bangladesh had high rates of population growth in the 1960s and 1970s. Since then however it has seen significant reduction in its total fertility rate. Over a period of three decades it dropped from almost 7 to 0.74 in 2005–2018. [16]
Age range (years) | Sex ratio (males/females) (2015 est.) [25] |
---|---|
at birth | 1.04 |
0–14 | 1.03 |
15–24 | 0.89 |
25–54 | 0.90 |
55–64 | 1.01 |
65 and over | 0.97 |
total population | 0.95 |
The sprawling mega-city of Dhaka has a huge population, but the majority of the people nonetheless still live in villages in rural areas.
Based on United Nations Data 2020 figures for population (164,689,383) and land area (130,170 km2), Bangladesh has the highest population density among large countries, 1265 persons per square kilometre, and 10th overall, when small countries and city-states are included. [26]
Notable events in Bangladesh demography:
The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. Population estimates account for under numeration in population censuses. [27]
Mid-year population (thousands) | Live births (thousands) | Deaths (thousands) | Natural change (thousands) | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate (TFR) | Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) | Life expectancy (in years) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 39729 | 1848 | 1072 | 776 | 46.5 | 27.0 | 19.5 | 6.30 | 219.2 | 38.18 |
1951 | 40549 | 1907 | 1066 | 842 | 47.0 | 26.3 | 20.8 | 6.34 | 213.6 | 38.86 |
1952 | 41427 | 1960 | 1056 | 904 | 47.3 | 25.5 | 21.8 | 6.35 | 208.1 | 39.69 |
1953 | 42329 | 2016 | 1067 | 949 | 47.6 | 25.2 | 22.4 | 6.38 | 203.1 | 39.94 |
1954 | 43282 | 2079 | 1047 | 1032 | 48.0 | 24.2 | 23.8 | 6.44 | 197.6 | 41.16 |
1955 | 44316 | 2140 | 1044 | 1096 | 48.3 | 23.5 | 24.7 | 6.49 | 192.8 | 41.89 |
1956 | 45408 | 2198 | 1048 | 1150 | 48.4 | 23.1 | 25.3 | 6.53 | 188.4 | 42.42 |
1957 | 46561 | 2262 | 1037 | 1225 | 48.6 | 22.3 | 26.3 | 6.57 | 183.5 | 43.41 |
1958 | 47743 | 2329 | 1043 | 1286 | 48.7 | 21.8 | 26.9 | 6.62 | 179.5 | 43.93 |
1959 | 49005 | 2405 | 1045 | 1360 | 49.0 | 21.3 | 27.7 | 6.71 | 175.4 | 44.60 |
1960 | 50396 | 2493 | 1070 | 1423 | 49.5 | 21.2 | 28.2 | 6.78 | 173.4 | 44.74 |
1961 | 51883 | 2574 | 1064 | 1510 | 49.6 | 20.5 | 29.1 | 6.83 | 168.3 | 45.66 |
1962 | 53462 | 2650 | 1055 | 1595 | 49.6 | 19.7 | 29.8 | 6.87 | 164.3 | 46.70 |
1963 | 55094 | 2704 | 1084 | 1620 | 49.1 | 19.7 | 29.4 | 6.84 | 162.6 | 46.66 |
1964 | 56774 | 2760 | 1068 | 1692 | 48.6 | 18.8 | 29.8 | 6.84 | 158.7 | 47.74 |
1965 | 58500 | 2816 | 1130 | 1686 | 48.2 | 19.3 | 28.8 | 6.83 | 159.0 | 46.86 |
1966 | 60265 | 2881 | 1088 | 1792 | 47.8 | 18.1 | 29.7 | 6.82 | 154.7 | 48.58 |
1967 | 62104 | 2966 | 1107 | 1859 | 47.8 | 17.8 | 29.9 | 6.85 | 153.3 | 48.87 |
1968 | 63996 | 3046 | 1130 | 1916 | 47.6 | 17.6 | 29.9 | 6.85 | 152.5 | 49.09 |
1969 | 65867 | 3134 | 1159 | 1975 | 47.5 | 17.6 | 29.9 | 6.86 | 152.0 | 49.17 |
1970 | 67542 | 3209 | 1509 | 1701 | 47.4 | 22.3 | 25.1 | 6.88 | 165.3 | 42.59 |
1971 | 68376 | 3262 | 2811 | 451 | 47.6 | 41.0 | 6.6 | 6.87 | 199.4 | 26.00 |
1972 | 69347 | 3300 | 1189 | 2112 | 47.5 | 17.1 | 30.4 | 6.85 | 151.3 | 49.59 |
1973 | 71145 | 3349 | 1211 | 2137 | 47.0 | 17.0 | 30.0 | 6.82 | 151.1 | 49.83 |
1974 | 72948 | 3414 | 1275 | 2139 | 46.7 | 17.4 | 29.2 | 6.79 | 153.6 | 49.16 |
1975 | 74700 | 3461 | 1246 | 2215 | 46.2 | 16.6 | 29.5 | 6.74 | 149.3 | 50.29 |
1976 | 76380 | 3540 | 1260 | 2280 | 46.2 | 16.4 | 29.7 | 6.67 | 147.9 | 50.65 |
1977 | 78138 | 3610 | 1266 | 2344 | 46.1 | 16.1 | 29.9 | 6.59 | 146.1 | 51.20 |
1978 | 80008 | 3661 | 1289 | 2372 | 45.6 | 16.1 | 29.5 | 6.52 | 143.9 | 51.25 |
1979 | 81908 | 3735 | 1306 | 2429 | 45.5 | 15.9 | 29.6 | 6.42 | 141.3 | 51.46 |
1980 | 83930 | 3793 | 1313 | 2479 | 45.1 | 15.6 | 29.5 | 6.32 | 138.6 | 51.85 |
1981 | 86155 | 3859 | 1324 | 2535 | 44.7 | 15.4 | 29.4 | 6.24 | 135.7 | 52.17 |
1982 | 88555 | 3922 | 1332 | 2590 | 44.3 | 15.0 | 29.2 | 6.12 | 132.6 | 52.54 |
1983 | 91045 | 3899 | 1327 | 2572 | 42.8 | 14.6 | 28.2 | 5.89 | 129.2 | 53.01 |
1984 | 93534 | 3914 | 1318 | 2596 | 41.8 | 14.1 | 27.7 | 5.73 | 125.8 | 53.54 |
1985 | 95959 | 3913 | 1317 | 2597 | 40.7 | 13.7 | 27.0 | 5.54 | 122.6 | 53.90 |
1986 | 98272 | 3880 | 1301 | 2579 | 39.4 | 13.2 | 26.2 | 5.30 | 118.4 | 54.42 |
1987 | 100490 | 3858 | 1286 | 2572 | 38.3 | 12.8 | 25.6 | 5.07 | 114.7 | 54.93 |
1988 | 102689 | 3803 | 1290 | 2513 | 37.0 | 12.5 | 24.4 | 4.84 | 110.9 | 55.03 |
1989 | 104894 | 3801 | 1299 | 2501 | 36.2 | 12.4 | 23.8 | 4.68 | 106.9 | 55.09 |
1990 | 107148 | 3750 | 1257 | 2492 | 35.0 | 11.7 | 23.2 | 4.48 | 103.0 | 55.99 |
1991 | 109243 | 3660 | 1375 | 2285 | 33.4 | 12.6 | 20.9 | 4.24 | 103.6 | 54.15 |
1992 | 111272 | 3604 | 1178 | 2426 | 32.4 | 10.6 | 21.8 | 4.03 | 95.2 | 57.64 |
1993 | 113419 | 3579 | 1174 | 2404 | 31.5 | 10.3 | 21.2 | 3.85 | 91.3 | 57.93 |
1994 | 115615 | 3627 | 1153 | 2474 | 31.3 | 10.0 | 21.4 | 3.77 | 87.3 | 58.62 |
1995 | 117793 | 3593 | 1120 | 2472 | 30.5 | 9.5 | 21.0 | 3.61 | 83.4 | 59.47 |
1996 | 119877 | 3597 | 1138 | 2458 | 30.0 | 9.5 | 20.5 | 3.50 | 79.5 | 59.49 |
1997 | 122039 | 3692 | 1047 | 2646 | 30.2 | 8.6 | 21.6 | 3.49 | 75.5 | 61.43 |
1998 | 124350 | 3711 | 936 | 2775 | 29.8 | 7.5 | 22.3 | 3.39 | 71.8 | 63.92 |
1999 | 126755 | 3723 | 846 | 2877 | 29.3 | 6.7 | 22.7 | 3.30 | 68.1 | 66.23 |
2000 | 129193 | 3747 | 887 | 2860 | 29.0 | 6.9 | 22.1 | 3.22 | 64.6 | 65.78 |
2001 | 131670 | 3756 | 890 | 2866 | 28.5 | 6.8 | 21.7 | 3.15 | 61.3 | 66.14 |
2002 | 134140 | 3758 | 886 | 2872 | 28.0 | 6.6 | 21.4 | 3.08 | 58.2 | 66.61 |
2003 | 136503 | 3736 | 896 | 2841 | 27.3 | 6.5 | 20.8 | 3.00 | 55.3 | 66.82 |
2004 | 138790 | 3697 | 896 | 2801 | 26.6 | 6.4 | 20.1 | 2.91 | 52.6 | 67.19 |
2005 | 140913 | 3603 | 908 | 2696 | 25.5 | 6.4 | 19.1 | 2.81 | 50.0 | 67.30 |
2006 | 142629 | 3529 | 930 | 2600 | 24.6 | 6.5 | 18.2 | 2.71 | 47.5 | 67.24 |
2007 | 144136 | 3467 | 982 | 2485 | 24.0 | 6.8 | 17.2 | 2.63 | 45.4 | 66.71 |
2008 | 145421 | 3379 | 979 | 2400 | 23.1 | 6.7 | 16.4 | 2.54 | 43.0 | 67.05 |
2009 | 146707 | 3275 | 972 | 2302 | 22.3 | 6.6 | 15.7 | 2.44 | 41.0 | 67.40 |
2010 | 148391 | 3177 | 907 | 2269 | 21.4 | 6.1 | 15.3 | 2.34 | 39.0 | 68.64 |
2011 | 150211 | 3093 | 919 | 2174 | 20.6 | 6.1 | 14.5 | 2.26 | 37.2 | 68.81 |
2012 | 152091 | 3062 | 893 | 2169 | 20.1 | 5.9 | 14.2 | 2.21 | 35.6 | 69.55 |
2013 | 154030 | 3067 | 921 | 2146 | 19.9 | 6.0 | 13.9 | 2.18 | 33.9 | 69.57 |
2014 | 155961 | 3049 | 919 | 2130 | 19.5 | 5.9 | 13.6 | 2.15 | 32.4 | 69.99 |
2015 | 157 830 | 3026 | 912 | 2114 | 19.2 | 5.8 | 13.4 | 2.11 | 30.9 | 70.49 |
2016 | 159785 | 3037 | 900 | 2137 | 19.0 | 5.6 | 13.4 | 2.10 | 29.4 | 71.09 |
2017 | 161794 | 2994 | 881 | 2113 | 18.5 | 5.4 | 13.1 | 2.04 | 28.0 | 71.79 |
2018 | 163684 | 3025 | 859 | 2166 | 18.5 | 5.2 | 13.2 | 2.04 | 26.6 | 72.57 |
2019 | 165516 | 3041 | 875 | 2166 | 18.4 | 5.3 | 13.1 | 2.03 | 25.2 | 72.81 |
2020 | 167421 | 3023 | 974 | 2049 | 18.1 | 5.8 | 12.2 | 2.00 | 24.0 | 71.97 |
2021 | 169356 | 3020 | 962 | 2057 | 17.8 | 5.7 | 12.1 | 1.98 | 22.9 | 72.38 |
Year | Population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000): national (urban/rural) | Crude death rate (per 1000): national (urban/rural) | Natural change (per 1000): national (urban/rural) | Fertility rates: national (urban/rural) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1981 | 87,119,965 [29] | 3,098,000 | 1,038,000 | 2,060,000 | 34.6 (24.8/35.7) | 11.5 (7.2/12.2) | 23.1 (17.6/23.5) | 5.04 (3.20/5.28) |
1982 | 92,300,000 | 3,189,000 | 1,107,000 | 2,082,000 | 34.8 (22.9/36.9) | 12.2 (6.9/12.8) | 22.6 (16.0/24.1) | 5.21 (3.01/5.50) |
1983 | 94,300,000 | 3,280,000 | 1,163,000 | 2,117,000 | 35.0 (27.1/36.4) | 12.3 (7.5/13.2) | 22.7 (19.6/23.2) | 5.07 (3.45/5.36) |
1984 | 96,300,000 | 3,335,000 | 1,182,000 | 2,153,000 | 34.8 (25.0/36.1) | 12.3 (8.5/12.9) | 22.5 (16.5/23.2) | 4.83 (3.10/5.08) |
1985 | 98,400,000 | 3,392,000 | 1,183,000 | 2,209,000 | 34.6 (28.0/35.3) | 12.0 (8.3/12.9) | 22.6 (19.7/22.4) | 4.71 (3.52/4.91) |
1986 | 100,500,000 | 3,448,000 | 1,183,000 | 2,265,000 | 34.4 (25.9/35.4) | 12.1 (8.1/12.3) | 22.3 (17.8/23.1) | 4.70 (3.26/4.89) |
1987 | 102,800,000 | 3,414,000 | 1,173,000 | 2,241,000 | 33.3 (24.8/34.6) | 11.5 (7.6/11.8) | 21.8 (17.2/22.8) | 4.42 (3.05/4.64) |
1988 | 105,000,000 | 3,477,000 | 1,179,000 | 2,298,000 | 33.2 (24.9/34.6) | 11.3 (7.5/11.9) | 21.9 (17.4/22.7) | 4.45 (3.08/4.70) |
1989 | 107,400,000 | 3,531,000 | 1,196,000 | 2,335,000 | 33.0 (24.4/34.5) | 11.3 (7.3/11.9) | 21.7 (17.1/22.6) | 4.35 (2.90/4.59) |
1990 | 109,800,000 | 3,559,000 | 1,106,000 | 2,453,000 | 32.8 (24.6/34.3) | 11.4 (7.8/11.8) | 21.4 (16.8/22.5) | 4.33 (2.90/4.57) |
1991 | 106,314,992 [29] | 3,561,000 | 1,110,000 | 2,451,000 | 31.6 (23.9/32.9) | 11.2 (7.8/11.5) | 20.4 (16.1/21.4) | 4.24 (2.89/4.51) |
1992 | 114,400,000 | 3,455,000 | 1,139,000 | 2,316,000 | 30.8 (23.7/32.2) | 11.0 (7.5/11.3) | 19.8 (16.2/20.9) | 4.18 (2.88/4.33) |
1993 | 116,500,000 | 3,350,000 | 1,100,000 | 2,250,000 | 28.8 (21.0/30.0) | 10.0 (7.2/10.4) | 18.8 (13.8/19.6) | 3.84 (2.62/4.00) |
1994 | 118,400,000 | 3,289,000 | 1,067,000 | 2,222,000 | 27.0 (20.2/29.1) | 9.3 (7.1/9.3) | 17.7 (13.1/19.8) | 3.58 (2.58/3.79) |
1995 | 120,200,000 | 3,228,000 | 1,007,000 | 2,221,000 | 26.5 (19.4/28.5) | 8.7 (6.7/9.0) | 17.8 (12.7/19.5) | 3.45 (2.50/3.78) |
1996 | 122,100,000 | 3,143,000 | 989,000 | 2,154,000 | 25.6 (19.0/27.8) | 8.2 (6.5/8.8) | 17.4 (12.5/19.0) | 3.41 (2.48/3.76) |
1997 | 123,900,000 | 2,746,000 | 719,000 | 2,027,000 | 21.0 (16.2/24.5) | 5.5 (4.2/6.5) | 15.5 (12.0/18.0) | 3.10 (2.28/3.32) |
1998 | 125,700,000 | 2,608,000 | 652,000 | 1,956,000 | 19.9 (14.0/21.0) | 5.1 (3.7/5.4) | 14.8 (10.3/15.6) | 2.98 (2.24/3.00) |
1999 | 127,500,000 | 2,542,000 | 649,000 | 1,893,000 | 19.2 (13.8/20.9) | 5.1 (3.5/5.4) | 14.1 (10.3/15.5) | 2.64 (1.76/2.91) |
2000 | 129,300,000 | 2,454,000 | 640,000 | 1,814,000 | 19.0 (13.7/20.8) | 4.9 (3.5/5.3) | 14.1 (10.2/15.5) | 2.59 (1.68/2.89) |
2001 | 124,355,263 [29] | 2,439,000 | 638,000 | 1,801,000 | 18.9 (13.6/20.7) | 4.8 (4.3/5.2) | 14.1 (9.3/15.5) | 2.56 (1.73/2.84) |
2002 | 132,900,000 | 2,674,000 | 679,000 | 1,995,000 | 20.1 (16.6/21.0) | 5.1 (3.8/5.4) | 15.0 (12.8/15.6) | 2.55 (1.94/2.69) |
2003 | 134,800,000 | 2,814,000 | 783,000 | 2,031,000 | 20.9 (17.9/21.7) | 5.9 (4.7/6.2) | 15.0 (13.2/15.5) | 2.57 (1.91/2.70) |
2004 | 136,700,000 | 2,830,000 | 794,000 | 2,036,000 | 20.8 (17.8/21.6) | 5.8 (4.4/6.1) | 15.0 (13.4/15.5) | 2.51 (1.91/2.67) |
2005 | 138,600,000 | 2,879,000 | 823,000 | 2,056,000 | 20.7 (17.8/21.7) | 5.8 (4.9/6.1) | 14.9 (12.9/15.6) | 2.46 (1.87/2.65) |
2006 | 140,600,000 | 2,901,000 | 789,000 | 2,112,000 | 20.6 (17.5/21.7) | 5.6 (4.4/6.0) | 15.0 (13.1/15.7) | 2.41 (1.81/2.63) |
2007 | 142,600,000 | 2,986,000 | 792,000 | 2,194,000 | 20.9 (17.4/22.1) | 6.2 (5.1/6.6) | 14.7 (12.3/15.5) | 2.39 (1.79/2.61) |
2008 | 144,700,000 | 3,022,000 | 885,000 | 2,137,000 | 20.5 (17.2/22.4) | 6.0 (5.1/6.5) | 14.5 (12.1/15.9) | 2.30 (1.79/2.60) |
2009 | 146,700,000 | 2,832,000 | 842,000 | 1,990,000 | 19.4 (16.8/20.4) | 5.8 (4.7/6.1) | 13.6 (12.1/14.3) | 2.15 (1.65/2.28) |
2010 | 148,600,000 | 2,868,494 | 842,095 | 2,026,399 | 19.2 (17.1/20.1) | 5.6 (4.9/5.9) | 13.6 (12.2/14.2) | 2.12 (1.72/2.26) |
2011 | 150,600,000 | 2,891,000 | 828,000 | 2,063,000 | 19.2 (17.4/20.2) | 5.5 (4.8/5.8) | 13.7 (12.6/14.4) | 2.11 (1.71/2.25) |
2012 | 152,700,000 | 2,933,000 | 826,000 | 2,107,000 | 18.9 (17.1/20.0) | 5.3 (4.6/5.7) | 13.6 (12.5/14.3) | 2.12 (1.84/2.30) |
2013 | 154,700,000 | 19.0 (18.2/19.3) | 5.3 (4.6/5.6) | 13.7 (13.6/13.7) | 2.11 (1.84/2.19) | |||
2014 | 156,800,000 | 18.9 (17.2/19.4) | 5.2 (4.1/5.6) | 13.7 (13.1/13.8) | 2.11 (1.77/2.22) | |||
2015 | 158,900,000 | 18.8 (16.5/20.3) | 5.1 (4.6/5.5) | 13.7 (11.9/14.8) | 2.10 (1.72/2.30) | |||
2016 | 160,800,000 | 18.7 (16.1/20.9) | 5.1 (4.2/5.7) | 13.6 (11.9/15.2) | 2.10 (1.68/2.38) | |||
2017 | 163,780,000 | 3,009,950 | 829,770 | 2,180,180 | 18.5 (16.1/20.4) | 5.1 (4.2/5.7) | 13.4 (11.9/14.7) | 2.05 (1.68/2.37) |
2018 | 164,600,000 | 18.3 (16.1/20.1) | 5.0 (4.4/5.4) | 13.3 (11.7/14.7) | 2.05 (1.68/2.38) | |||
2019 | 166,500,000 | 18.1 (15.9/20.0) | 4.9 (4.4/5.4) | 13.2 (11.5/14.6) | 2.04 (1.67/2.37) | |||
2020 | 168,220,000 | 3,040,667 | 852,254 | 2,188,413 | 18.1 (15.3/20.4) | 5.1 (4.9/5.2) | 13.0 (10.4/15.2) | 2.04 (1.66/2.37) |
2021 | 170,260,000 | 18.8 (16.4/19.5) | 5.7 (4.8/6.0) | 13.1 (11.6/13.5) | 2.05 (1.66/2.18) | |||
2022 | 169,828,911 [30] | 19.8 (16.6/20.8) | 5.8 (5.1/6.0) | 14.0 (11.5/14.8) | 2.20 (1.71/2.37) |
Division | TFR (total fertility rate) | Crude birth rate | Death rate |
---|---|---|---|
Mymensingh | 2.69 | 21.8 | 5.0 |
Barishal | 2.07 | 17.7 | 5.2 |
Chittagong | 2.36 | 21.6 | 5.3 |
Dhaka | 1.71 | 15.8 | 4.5 |
Rajshahi | 1.99 | 16.8 | 5.4 |
Rangpur | 2.11 | 18.2 | 5.2 |
Sylhet | 1.94 | 17.7 | 5.3 |
Khulna | 1.98 | 17.1 | 5.0 |
Crude birth rate (CBR), total fertility rate (TFR) and wanted fertility rate (WFR): [31]
Year | CBR (total) | CBR (urban) | CBR (rural) | TFR (total) | TFR (urban) | TFR (rural) | WFR (total) | WFR (urban) | WFR (rural) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1993–1994 | 29.1 | 25.3 | 29.5 | 3.44 | 2.69 | 3.54 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.2 |
1996–1997 | 29.4 | 22.6 | 30.2 | 3.27 | 2.10 | 3.43 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 2.2 |
1999–2000 | 30.2 | 25.3 | 31.3 | 3.31 | 2.45 | 3.54 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.4 |
2001 | 28.4 | 26.0 | 28.9 | 3.22 | 2.69 | 3.36 | |||
2004 | 28.7 | 25.8 | 29.5 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.1 |
2007 | 26.1 | 24.7 | 26.5 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.9 |
2011 | 22.6 | 20.6 | 23.3 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.6 |
2014 | 22.2 | 20.8 | 22.8 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
2017–18 | 21.9 | 21.1 | 22.3 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 |
2022 | 21.9 | 20.8 | 22.4 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.4 | |||
Period | Life expectancy in Years | Period | Life expectancy in Years |
---|---|---|---|
1950–1955 | 40.7 | 1985–1990 | 57.0 |
1955–1960 | 44.2 | 1990–1995 | 60.0 |
1960–1965 | 47.2 | 1995–2000 | 63.7 |
1965–1970 | 49.3 | 2000–2005 | 66.7 |
1970–1975 | 46.3 | 2005–2010 | 69.1 |
1975–1980 | 52.2 | 2010–2015 | 71.2 |
1980–1985 | 54.3 |
Source: UN World Population Prospects [33]
The vast majority (about 99%) of Bangladeshis are of the Bengali ethno-linguistic group. This group also spans the neighboring Indian province of West Bengal. Minority ethnic groups include Meitei, Tripuri, Marma, Tanchangya, Barua, Khasi, Santhals, Chakma, Rakhine people, Garo, Biharis, Oraons, Mundas.
Biharis are Urdu-speaking, non-Bengalis who emigrated from the state of Bihar and other parts of northern India during the 1947 partition. They are concentrated in the Dhaka and Rangpur areas and number some 300,000. [34] [35] In the 1971 independence war many of them sided with Pakistan, as they stood to lose their positions in the upper levels of society. [36] Hundreds of thousands went to Pakistan and those that remained were interned in refugee camps. Their population declined from about 1 million in 1971 to 600,000 in the late 1980s. [36] Refugees International has called them a "neglected and stateless" people as they are denied citizenship by the governments of Bangladesh and Pakistan. [37] As nearly 40 years has passed, two generations of Biharis have been born in these camps. Biharis were granted Bangladeshi citizenship and voting rights in 2008. [38]
Bangladesh's tribal population was enumerated at 897,828 in the 1981 census. [36] These tribes are concentrated in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and around Mymensingh, Sylhet, and Rajshahi. They are of Sino-Tibetan descent and differ markedly in their social customs, religion, language and level of development. They speak Tibeto-Burman languages and most are Buddhist or Hindu. [36] The four largest tribes are Chakmas, Marmas, Tipperas, Tanchangya, and Mros. Smaller groups include the Santals in Rajshahi and Dinajpur, and Khasis, Garos, and Khajons in Mymensingh and Sylhet regions. [36]
There are small communities of Meitei people (alias Manipuri people) in the Sylhet district, which is close to the Meitei homeland across the border in Manipur, India. [39] [40]
There is a large population of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar near the border in the southeast. There are 28,000 living in two UN refugee camps in Cox's Bazar as well as some 200,000 "unregistered people of concern" living outside of the camps. [41] The refugee crisis originated in the early 1990s when the first wave numbering some 250,000 of the predominantly Muslim ethnic group fled persecution from their home in Rakhaine—Myanmar's westernmost state. Bangladesh seeks to repatriate the refugees back to Myanmar. [42] Since 2017, there are approximately 1.1 million Rohingya refugees living in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh has 44 indigenous languages according to Professor Shameem Reza. [47]
According to the Ethnologue, there are 36 indigenous living languages, which include 17 Sino-Tibetan, 10 Indo-European, 7 Austro-Asiatic and 2 Dravidian languages. [44]
Religious group | Population % 1951 [48] | Population % 1961 [48] | Population % 1974 [48] | Population % 1981 [48] | Population % 1991 [48] | Population % 2001 [49] | Population % 2011 [50] | Population % 2022 [12] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Islam | 76% | 80.4% | 85.4% | 86.6% | 88.3% | 89.7% | 90.4% | 91.1% |
Hinduism | 22% | 18.5% | 13.5% | 12.1 % | 10.5 % | 9.2% | 8.5% | 7.9% |
Buddhism | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.6% |
Christianity | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.3% |
Other religions/No religion | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
Religion | Population |
---|---|
Muslims ( ) | 150,360,404 |
Hindus ( ) | 13,130,109 |
Buddhists ( ) | 1,007,467 |
Christians ( ) | 495,475 |
Others | 198,190 |
Total | 165,158,616 |
Bangladesh has a population of 165,158,616 as per 2022 census. [12]
Bangladesh has the world's highest frequency of the M form of mitochondrial DNA. This genetic variant spans many continents, and is the single most common mtDNA haplogroup in Asia. [54] In Bangladesh it represents about 83% of maternal lineages. [55]
Bangladesh has a literacy rate of 74.70 per cent as of 2019. 76.67 per cent for males and 71.95 per cent for females.[ citation needed ]
According to the United Nations, there were 1,500,921 international migrants in Bangladesh in 2017. Estimation shows that over 1 million Rohingya Muslim refugees live in Bangladesh have arrived during the ongoing Rohingya genocide in Myanmar. [56] On 28 September 2018, at the 73rd United Nations General Assembly, Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said there are 1.1-1.3 million Rohingya refugees now in Bangladesh. [57] [58]
Their most common countries of origin were as follows:
International migrants in Bangladesh in 2017 | |
---|---|
Myanmar | 1,300,000 (Rohingya refugees) |
Malaysia | 208,406 |
China | 166,646 |
Afghanistan | 156,500 |
Laos | 90,253 |
United States | 47,103 |
Nepal | 39,988 |
India | 35,250 |
United Kingdom | 34,266 |
Bahrain | 30,877 |
Vietnam | 28,176 |
Norway | 20,109 |
Source: United Nations [59] |
The United Nations has estimated the Bangladesh diaspora as 4,499,919 people with the greatest migration to the following countries:
International migrants from Bangladesh in 2017 | |
---|---|
Saudi Arabia | 1,377,072 |
United Arab Emirates | 1,044,505 |
Kuwait | 381,669 |
Malaysia | 365,600 |
Oman | 276,518 |
Great Britain | 228,353 |
United States | 279,021 |
Qatar | 183,386 |
Italy | 100,743 |
Singapore | 83,279 |
Bahrain | 80,457 |
Canada | 65,698 |
Australia | 48,888 |
Maldives | 38,620 |
Source: United Nations [59] |
The population of Indonesia was 270.20 million according to the 2020 national census, an increase from 237.64 million in 2010. The official estimate as at mid 2022 was 275,773,800, increasing at a rate of 1.17% per year. Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world. Approximately 55% of Indonesia's population resides on Java, which is the most populous island in the world.
This is a demography of Myanmar including statistics such as population, ethnicity, language, education level, and religious affiliations.
Languages spoken in the Republic of India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians; both families together are sometimes known as Indic languages. Languages spoken by the remaining 2.31% of the population belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino–Tibetan, Tai–Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates. According to the People's Linguistic Survey of India, India has the second highest number of languages (780), after Papua New Guinea (840). Ethnologue lists a lower number of 456.
Meitei, also known as Manipuri, is a Tibeto-Burman language of northeast India. It is the official language and the lingua franca of Manipur and one of the official languages India. Meitei is the most widely-spoken Tibeto-Burman language of India and third the most used language of northeast India after Assamese and Bengali. There are 1.76 million Meitei native speakers in India according to the 2011 census. Most of these, or 1.52 million, are found in the state of Manipur, where they represent majority of its population. There are smaller communities in neighbouring Indian states, such as Assam (168,000), Tripura (24,000), Nagaland (9,500), and elsewhere in the country (37,500). The language is also spoken by smaller groups in neighbouring Myanmar and Bangladesh.
The Meitei people, Meetei people, or Manipuri people is an ethnic group native to Manipur. They form the largest and dominant ethnic group of Manipur in Northeast India. They speak the Meitei language, one of the 22 official languages of the Indian Republic and the sole official language of Government of Manipur. The Meiteis primarily settled in the valley areas in modern-day Manipur, though a sizeable population has settled in the other Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. There is also a notable presence of Meitei people in the neighbouring countries of Myanmar and Bangladesh. The Meitei ethnic group represents about 53% of Manipur's population.
The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime if:
Karimganj district is one of the 31 districts of the Indian state of Assam. Karimganj town is both the administrative headquarters district and the biggest town of this district. It is located in southern Assam and borders Tripura and the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh. It makes up the Barak Valley alongside Hailakandi and Cachar. Karimganj was previously part of the Sylhet District before the Partition of India. It became a district in 1983.
The Rohingya people are a stateless Indo-Aryan ethnic group who predominantly follow Islam and reside in Rakhine State, Myanmar. Before the Rohingya genocide in 2017, when over 740,000 fled to Bangladesh, an estimated 1.4 million Rohingya lived in Myanmar. Described by journalists and news outlets as one of the most persecuted minorities in the world, the Rohingya are denied citizenship under the 1982 Myanmar nationality law. There are also restrictions on their freedom of movement, access to state education and civil service jobs. The legal conditions faced by the Rohingya in Myanmar have been compared to apartheid by some academics, analysts and political figures, including Nobel laureate Bishop Desmond Tutu, a South African anti-apartheid activist. The most recent mass displacement of Rohingya in 2017 led the International Criminal Court to investigate crimes against humanity, and the International Court of Justice to investigate genocide.
Hinduism is the Fourth-largest religion in Myanmar, being practised by 1.7% of the population of Myanmar. Hinduism is practised by about 890,000 people in Myanmar, and has been influenced by elements of Buddhism, with many Hindu temples in Myanmar housing statues of the Buddha. There are also a large population of Hindus in which the Myanmar Tamils and minority Bengali Hindus having the biggest population share.
Bishnupriya Manipuri, also known as Bishnupriya Meitei or simply as Bishnupriya, is an Indo-Aryan lect belonging to the Bengali–Assamese linguistic sub-branch. It is a creole of Bengali language and Meitei language and it still retains its pre-Bengali features. It is spoken in parts of the Indian states of Assam, Tripura and Manipur as well as in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh. It uses the Bengali-Assamese script as its writing system. Bishnupriya Manipuri, being a member of the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, was evolved from Magadhi Prakrit. So, its origin is associated with Magadha realm. The Government of Tripura categorised Bishnnupriya Manipuri under the "Tribal Language Cell" of the State Council of Educational Research and Training. Its speakers are also given the "Other Backward Classes" status by the Assam Government and notably, there is no legal status of the Bishnupriyas in Manipur. In the 2020s, the Bishnupriya speaking people started demanding that the Assam Government should give them the status of "indigenous people" of Assam and treat the same like other indigenous communities of the state.
The Bishnupriyas, also known as the Bishnupriya Manipuris or Bishnupriya Meiteis, is an ethnic group found in the parts of Northeast Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Manipur and in northeastern Bangladesh. They speak the Bishnupriya Manipuri language, which is a creole of Bengali language and Meitei language, which retains its pre-Bengali features. The most distinctive feature of the language is it is replete with Tibeto-Burman elements. The culture of the Bishnupriya people is strongly influenced by that of the Meitei people.
The indigenous people of Bangladesh are ethnic minorities in Chittagong Hill Tracts (southeastern), Sylhet Division (northeastern), Rajshahi Division (west), and Mymensingh Division (north-central) areas of the country. They are indigenous and the tribal races, total population of ethnic minorities in Bangladesh was estimated to be over 2 million in 2010. They are diverse ethnic communities including Tibeto-Burman, Austric and Dravidian people.
The Barak Valley is the southernmost region and administrative division of the Indian state of Assam. It is named after the Barak river. The Barak valley consists of three administrative districts of Assam namely - Cachar, Karimganj, and Hailakandi. The main and largest city is Silchar, which seats the headquarter of Cachar district and also serves as administrative divisional office of Barak valley division. The valley is bordered by Mizoram and Tripura to the south, Bangladesh and Meghalaya to the west and Manipur to the east respectively. Once North Cachar Hills was a part of Cachar district which became a subdivision in 1951 and eventually a separate district. On 1 July 1983, Karimganj district was curved out from the eponymous subdivision of Cachar district. In 1989 the subdivision of Hailakandi was upgraded into Hailakandi district.
The national language and official language of Bangladesh is Bangla according to the third article of the Constitution of Bangladesh. The second most spoken language in Bangladesh is claimed Chittagonian then Sylheti. Almost 99% of Bangladeshis speak Bengali as their first language. Bengali Language Implementation Act, 1987 made it mandatory to use Bengali in all government affairs except in the cases of foreign relations. According to a 2022 census, Bengali is predominantly spoken by 99% of the country's population and it also serves as the national language of the nation. The indigenous people of northern and southeastern Bangladesh speak a variety of native languages. According to the Ethnologue, there are 36 indigenous living languages, which include 17 Tibeto-Burman, 10 Indo-Aryan, 7 Austroasiatic and 2 Dravidian languages in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has 44 indigenous languages according to Professor Shameem Reza.
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Bangladeshi Canadians are Canadian citizens of Bangladeshi descent, first-generation Bangladeshi immigrants, or descendants of Bangladeshis who immigrated to Canada from East Bengal. The term may also refer to people who hold dual Bangladeshi and Canadian citizenship.
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Bangladeshis are the citizens of Bangladesh, a South Asian country centred on the transnational historical region of Bengal along the eponymous bay.
Hojai District is a district in Assam, India. It was formed on 15 August 2015. The headquarters of the district is situated at Sankardev Nagar, which is about 8 km away from Hojai town. Hojai District was formed from three tehsils of Nagaon District, namely Hojai, Doboka and Lanka. Hojai was a part of undivided Nowgong district of then Assam Province.
The Meitei language, or Manipuri language, is a minority language in Bangladesh. It is spoken by around 15,000 ethnic Manipuris, mainly concentrated in the Sylhet Division. The Meitei language is also a second language for Bishnupriyas in Bangladesh.
Meitei, also spelled Meetei or Meithei, also called Manipuri, ...
Manipuri language, Manipuri Meiteilon, also called Meitei (Meetei), a Tibeto-Burman language spoken predominantly in Manipur, a northeastern state of India. Smaller speech communities exist in the Indian states of Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura, as well as in Bangladesh and Myanmar (Burma).
Population By Religion (%) Muslim 90.39 Hindu 8.54 Buddhist 0.60 Christian 0.37 Others 0.14