Renewable energy in Bangladesh

Last updated

Renewable energy in Bangladesh refers to the use of renewable energy to generate electricity in Bangladesh. The current renewable energy comes from biogas that is originated from biomass, [1] hydro power, solar and wind. [2] [3] According to National database of Renewable Energy total renewable energy capacity installed in Bangladesh 1374.68 MW. [4]

Contents

Bangladesh electricity supply by source Bangladesh electricity production.svg
Bangladesh electricity supply by source

Hydro energy

Karnafuli Hydroelectric Power Station is the largest producer of renewable hydroelectricity in Bangladesh. Inaugurated in 1962, it provides 58.97% of renewable energy share as of 2021. [5]

Solar power

Teesta Solar Park, the country's largest solar power plant Country's largest solar power plant inaugurated.png
Teesta Solar Park, the country's largest solar power plant
Solar potential of Bangladesh Bangladesh GHI mid-size-map 156x220mm-300dpi v20191015.png
Solar potential of Bangladesh

As of 2024, 459 megawatts are generated from 10 solar power plants in Bangladesh. The largest is the Teesta 200MW Solar Park in Gaibandha, launched in 2023. Bangladesh entered its renewable energy era in 2017 with the launch of a 3MW solar power plant in Sharishabari, Jamalpur. [6]

The long term average sunshine data indicates that the period of bright sunshine hours in the coastal regions of Bangladesh varies from 3 to 11 hours daily. [7] The insolation in Bangladesh varies from 3.8 kWh/m2/day to 6.4 kWh/m2/day at an average of 5 kWh/m2/day. [8] Studies have shown that Bangladesh has a solar power potential of 50,174 megawatts, which could meet approximately 80% of the country's projected 2041 energy demand of 60,000 megawatts. [9] These indicate that there are good prospects for solar thermal and photovoltaic application in the country. [8]

With an estimated 40% of the population in Bangladesh having no access to electricity, the government introduced a scheme known as solar home systems (SHS) to provide electricity to households with no grid access. [10] The program reached 3 million households as of late 2014 and, with more than 50,000 systems being added per month since 2009, the World Bank has called it "the fastest growing solar home system program in the world." [11]

The Bangladeshi government is working towards universal electricity access by 2021 with the SHS program projected to cover 6 million households by 2017. [12]

Clean energy accessibility extended to the 8.2 million inhabitants residing in rural regions of Bangladesh, ensuring universal electricity access across all households. [13]

Solar energy capacity 2014–2023 (MW) [14] : 21 
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
169196165217240280343506524767

Wind power

Kutubdia windmill Kutubdia windmill .jpg
Kutubdia windmill

The first commercial wind power plant in Bangladesh, boasting a capacity of 60 megawatts with 22 turbines, began full-scale operation on 8 March 2024 in Cox's Bazar. However, the country's first experimental wind power plant, a 0.9MW facility, was constructed by the Bangladesh Power Development Board near the dam along the Muhuri River in Feni in 2005. Three years later, a 1MW wind power plant was established in Kutubdia, Cox's Bazar. Both experimental plants are now out of operation due to a lack of supervision and interest from the board. [15]

The long term wind flow, especially in the islands and the southern coastal belt of Bangladesh indicate that the average wind speed remains between 3 and 4.5 m/s for the months of March to September and 1.7 to 2.3 for the remaining period of the year. [16] There is a good opportunity in island and coastal areas for the application of wind mills for pumping and electrification. But during the summer and monsoon seasons (March to October) there can be very low-pressure areas and storm wind speeds 200 to 300 km/h can be expected. Wind turbines have to be strong enough to withstand these high wind speeds. [17]

Total renewable energy capacity 2014–2023 (MW) [14] : 2 
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
4054344034554785185827447621,006

Tidal power

Renewable electricity generation by source (non-combustible), 2021 [18]

  Hydro (58.97%)
  Solar PV (40.53%)
  Wind (0.51%)

The tides at Chittagong Division are predominantly semidiurnal with a large variation in range corresponding to the seasons, the maximum occurring during the south-west monsoon. In 1984, an attempt was made by mechanical engineering department of KUET to assess the feasibility of tidal energy in the coastal regions of Bangladesh, especially at Cox's Bazar and at the islands of Maheshkhali and Kutubdia. The average tidal range was found within 4-5 meter and the amplitude of the spring tide exceeds even 6 meter. [5] From different calculations, it is anticipated that there are a number of suitable sites at Cox's Bazar, Maheshkhali, Kutubdia and other places where permanent basins with pumping arrangements might be constructed which would be a double operation scheme. [19] [20]

Waste to electric energy

In order to save the large cities from environmental pollution, the waste management as well as electricity generation from the solid wastes programme is being taken by the government. [21]

Biogas

There mainly two types of biogas plants used in Bangladesh, floating dome type and fixed dome type. Bag type plants are also used in the country but rarely. [22] [23] [24]

Geothermal energy

Geothermal potential of Bangladesh is yet to be determined. Different studies carried out by geologists have suggested possible geothermal resources in the northwest and southeast region. [25] [26] Among the studied areas of northwest region, Singra-Kuchma-Bogra area, Barapukuria coal basin area, and the Madhyapara hard rock mine area − with temperature gradient above 30 °C/km and bottom hole temperature in excess of 100 °C [25] − meet the requirements of binary cycle power plants. But to reach a foregone conclusion on exploiting the resource in a viable, feasible and economically profitable way, extensive research is required.[ citation needed ] In 2011, Anglo MGH Energy, a Dhaka-based private company announced the construction of 200 MW geothermal plant, first ever of such kind, in Thakurgaon district. [27] But for some unknown reasons, this project never commenced, and no development in this field has been announced afterwards.

The benefits of renewable energy in Bangladesh

Expanding capacity in the electricity sector can be achieved cost-effectively through clean energy options (renewables and energy efficiency), which not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also increase jobs and improve human health by reducing air pollution. According to a report from the Low Emission Development Strategies Global Partnership (LEDS GP) and based on detailed modelling analysis, the benefits of increasing clean energy in Bangladesh's power generation mix relative to ‘business-as-usual’ could generate the following cumulative results by 2030:

As of June 2023, renewable energy constitutes 4.5 percent of the total installed power capacity in Bangladesh, with 1,183 MW out of 22,215 MW coming from renewable sources, predominantly solar power. [31]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renewable energy in Scotland</span>

The production of renewable energy in Scotland is a topic that came to the fore in technical, economic, and political terms during the opening years of the 21st century. The natural resource base for renewable energy is high by European, and even global standards, with the most important potential sources being wind, wave, and tide. Renewables generate almost all of Scotland's electricity, mostly from the country's wind power.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renewable energy in Australia</span>

Renewable energy in Australia is mainly based on biomass, solar, wind, and hydro generation. Over a third of electricity is generated from renewables, and is increasing, with a target to phase out coal power before 2040. Wind energy and rooftop solar have particularly grown since 2010. The growth has been stimulated by government energy policy in order to limit the rate of climate change in Australia that has been brought about by the use of fossil fuels. Pros and cons of various types of renewable energy are being investigated, and more recently there have been trials of green hydrogen and wave power.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renewable energy commercialization</span> Deployment of technologies harnessing easily replenished natural resources

Renewable energy commercialization involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years. First-generation technologies, which are already mature and economically competitive, include biomass, hydroelectricity, geothermal power and heat. Second-generation technologies are market-ready and are being deployed at the present time; they include solar heating, photovoltaics, wind power, solar thermal power stations, and modern forms of bioenergy. Third-generation technologies require continued R&D efforts in order to make large contributions on a global scale and include advanced biomass gasification, hot-dry-rock geothermal power, and ocean energy. In 2019, nearly 75% of new installed electricity generation capacity used renewable energy and the International Energy Agency (IEA) has predicted that by 2025, renewable capacity will meet 35% of global power generation.

For solar power, South Asia has the ideal combination of both high solar insolation and a high density of potential customers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renewable energy in Honduras</span>

In Honduras, there is an important potential of untapped indigenous renewable energy resources. Due to the variability of high oil prices and declining renewable infrastructure costs, such resources could be developed at competitive prices.

Renewable Energy in Colombia is rapidly emerging as a pioneer in the clean energy transition, showcasing a remarkable commitment to climate action despite its status as a fossil fuel-producing nation. With a robust National Energy Plan extending to 2050, the country has set ambitious targets for diversifying its energy mix by incorporating wind, solar, and geothermal resources. The nation's resolve was further solidified at COP26 with the announcement of a net zero target and a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) aiming for a 51% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. Significant investments in renewable energy infrastructure, particularly through long-term auctions for large-scale solar and wind projects, are transforming Colombia's energy landscape.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Low-carbon electricity</span> Power produced with lower carbon dioxide emissions

Low-carbon electricity or low-carbon power is electricity produced with substantially lower greenhouse gas emissions over the entire lifecycle than power generation using fossil fuels. The energy transition to low-carbon power is one of the most important actions required to limit climate change.

According to the International Hydropower Association, Canada is the fourth largest producer of hydroelectricity in the world in 2021 after the United States, Brazil, and China. In 2019, Canada produced 632.2 TWh of electricity with 60% of energy coming from Hydroelectric and Tidal Energy Sources).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renewable energy in Canada</span>

Renewable energy in Canada represented 17.3% of the Total Energy Supply (TES) in 2020, following natural gas at 39.1% and oil at 32.7% of the TES.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electricity sector in Bangladesh</span>

The utility electricity sector in Bangladesh has one national grid operated by Power Grid Company of Bangladesh with an installed capacity of 25,700 MW as of June 2022. Bangladesh's energy sector is not up to the mark. However, per capita energy consumption in Bangladesh is considered higher than the production. Electricity was introduced to the country on 7 December 1901.

Renewable energy in Russia mainly consists of hydroelectric energy. Russia is rich not only in oil, gas and coal, but also in wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass and solar energy – the resources of renewable energy. Practically all regions have at least one or two forms of renewable energy that are commercially exploitable, while some regions are rich in all forms of renewable energy resources. However, fossil fuels dominate Russia’s current energy mix, while its abundant and diverse renewable energy resources play little role.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Energy in Spain</span>

Primary energy consumption in Spain in 2020 was mainly composed of fossil sources. The largest sources are petroleum (42.3%), natural gas (19.8%) and coal (11.6%). The remaining 26.3% is accounted for by nuclear energy (12%) and different renewable energy sources (14.3%). Domestic production of primary energy includes nuclear (44.8%), solar, wind and geothermal (22.4%), biomass and waste (21.1%), hydropower (7.2%) and fossil (4.5%).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renewable energy in Ethiopia</span>

Ethiopia generates most of its electricity from renewable energy, mainly hydropower.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renewable energy in Taiwan</span>

Renewable energy in Taiwan contributed to 8.7% of national electricity generation as of end of 2013. The total installed capacity of renewable energy in Taiwan by the end of 2013 was 3.76 GW.

Renewable energy in Thailand is a developing sector that addresses the country’s present high rate of carbon emissions. Several policies, such as the Thirteenth Plan or the Alternative Energy Development Plan, set future goals for increasing the capacity of renewable energy and reduce the reliance of nonrenewable energy. The major sources of renewable energy in Thailand are hydro power, solar power, wind power, and biomass, with biomass currently accounting for the majority of production. Thailand’s growth is hoped to lead to renewable energy cost reduction and increased investment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renewable energy in Turkey</span>

Renewables supply a quarter of energy in Turkey, including heat and electricity. Some houses have rooftop solar water heating, and hot water from underground warms many spas and greenhouses. In parts of the west hot rocks are shallow enough to generate electricity as well as heat. Wind turbines, also mainly near western cities and industry, generate a tenth of Turkey’s electricity. Hydropower, mostly from dams in the east, is the only modern renewable energy which is fully exploited. Hydropower averages about a fifth of the country's electricity, but much less in drought years. Apart from wind and hydro, other renewables; such as geothermal, solar and biogas; together generated almost a tenth of Turkey’s electricity in 2022. Türkiye has ranked 5th in Europe and 12th in the world in terms of installed capacity in renewable energy. The share of renewables in Türkiye’s installed power reached to 54% at the end of 2022.

There is enormous potential for renewable energy in Kazakhstan, particularly from wind and small hydropower plants. The Republic of Kazakhstan has the potential to generate 10 times as much power as it currently needs from wind energy alone. But renewable energy accounts for just 0.6 percent of all power installations. Of that, 95 percent comes from small hydropower projects. The main barriers to investment in renewable energy are relatively high financing costs and an absence of uniform feed-in tariffs for electricity from renewable sources. The amount and duration of renewable energy feed-in tariffs are separately evaluated for each project, based on feasibility studies and project-specific generation costs. Power from wind, solar, biomass and water up to 35 MW, plus geothermal sources, are eligible for the tariff and transmission companies are required to purchase the energy of renewable energy producers. An amendment that introduces and clarifies technology-specific tariffs is now being prepared. It is expected to be adopted by Parliament by the end of 2014. In addition, the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business indicator shows the country to be relatively investor-friendly, ranking it in 10th position for investor protection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renewable energy in South Africa</span>

Renewable energy in South Africa is energy generated in South Africa from renewable resources, those that naturally replenish themselves—such as sunlight, wind, tides, waves, rain, biomass, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy focuses on four core areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, transportation, and rural energy services. The energy sector in South Africa is an important component of global energy regimes due to the country's innovation and advances in renewable energy. South Africa's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is ranked as moderate and its per capita emission rate is higher than the global average. Energy demand within the country is expected to rise steadily and double by 2025.

Zambia is potentially self-sufficient in sources of electricity, coal, biomass and renewable energy. The only energy source where the country is not self-sufficient is petroleum energy. Many of the sources of energy where the country is self-sufficient are largely unexploited. As of 2017, the country's electricity generating capacity stood at 1,901 megawatts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renewable energy in Austria</span>

By the end of 2016 Austria already fulfilled their EU Renewables Directive goal for the year 2020. By 2016 renewable energies accounted to 33.5% of the final energy consumption in all sectors. The renewable energy sector is also accountable for hosting 41,591 jobs and creating a revenue of 7,219 million euros in 2016.

References

  1. ↑ "Biomass Energy, definition of biomass energy and the types of biomass energy, pros and cons".
  2. ↑ Islam, Mazhural. "Renewable Energy Prospects & Trends in Bangladesh" (PDF). Bangladesh Power Development Board. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  3. ↑ Akter, Nasima. "Alternative Energy Situation in Bangladesh: A Country Review" (PDF). APPROTECH ASIA Philippine Social Development Center, Philippines. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
  4. ↑ "Renewable Energy Installed Capacity". National Database of Renewable Energy. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  5. 1 2 B. W. Flemming; A. Bartoloma (2009). Tidal Signatures in Modern and Ancient Sediments: (Special Publication 24 of the IAS) Volume 28 of International Association Of Sedimentologists Series. John Wiley & Sons. p. 329. ISBN   9781444304145.
  6. ↑ Rahman, Asifur (2024-01-27). "Clean energy goal far away". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
  7. ↑ Mohammad Aslam Uqaili; Khanji Harijan (2011). Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development. Springer. p. 19. ISBN   9783709101094.
  8. 1 2 Tom P. Hough (2006). Solar Energy: New Research. Nova Publishers. p. 309. ISBN   9781594546303.
  9. ↑ Md. Shatil, Aaqib (19 August 2023). "Renewing Bangladesh's energy transition". eastasiaforum.org. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  10. ↑ "Bangladesh Solar Program To Reach 13 Million More People". Energy Matters. 6 November 2014. Retrieved 2015-01-27.
  11. ↑ Xinhua News Agency (5 November 2014). "Roundup: Bangladesh to install 3 mln more solar home systems in 3 years". GlobalPost. Retrieved 2015-01-27.
  12. ↑ Pantho Rahaman (25 January 2015). "Bangladesh aims to be world's 'first solar nation'". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 17, 2015. Retrieved 2015-01-27.
  13. ↑ "Bangladesh Solar Home Systems Provide Clean Energy for 20 million People". World Bank. Retrieved 2023-08-18.
  14. 1 2 IRENA, International Renewable Energy Agency (2024). "RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2024" (PDF). www.irena.org. p. 21. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
  15. ↑ Chowdhury, Jobaer (2024-03-18). "Country's first commercial wind power plant starts production". The Business Standard. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  16. ↑ The Dhaka University Journal of Science, Volume 55. University of Dhaka. 2007. p. 53.
  17. ↑ CAJ Paulson (2001). Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies. Csiro Publishing. p. 1098. ISBN   9780643105720.
  18. ↑ "Bangladesh - Countries & Regions". IEA. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  19. ↑ Tom Koppel (2007). Ebb and Flow: Tides and Life on Our Once and Future Planet. Dundurn. ISBN   9781459718388.
  20. ↑ "Harnessing tidal power". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2014-08-23.
  21. ↑ Ms Ira Martina Drupady, Assoc Prof Benjamin K Sovacool (2013). Energy Access, Poverty, and Development: The Governance of Small-Scale Renewable Energy in Developing Asia. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN   9781409471660.
  22. ↑ "Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS)". Archived from the original on 2014-01-09. Retrieved 2014-08-23.
  23. ↑ Michael D. Brenes (2006). Biomass and Bioenergy: New Research. Nova Publishers. p. 76. ISBN   9781594548659.
  24. ↑ Sai Felicia Krishna-Hensel (2012). New Security Frontiers: Critical Energy and the Resource Challenge. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 75. ISBN   9781409419792.
  25. 1 2 D.K. Guha, H. Henkel, and B. Imam, “Geothermal potential in Bangladesh - results from investigations of abandoned deep wells,” Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2010, Bali, Indonesia, April 2010.
  26. ↑ M. Rahman, “Geothermal potential resources in Thakurgaon district, northern Bangladesh,” Bangladesh Journal of Geology, 25:13-30, 2006.
  27. ↑ "Anglo MGH Energy proposes 200 MW geothermal plant in Bangladesh - report". Renewables Now. Mar 8, 2011. Retrieved 2017-04-18.
  28. ↑ "Bangladesh towards 100% renewable energy". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
  29. ↑ Khan, Muhammad Fouzul Kabir (4 April 2018). "Pessimism regarding renewable energy's potential". bdnews24.com (Opinion). Retrieved 2018-04-05.
  30. ↑ "LEDS in practice: The benefits of clean energy policies in Bangladesh". Low Emission Development Strategies Global Partnership (LEDS GP) . Retrieved 2017-07-12.
  31. ↑ Muralidharan, Sudhir; Munir Khasru, Syed (17 February 2024). "Bangladesh's energy transition journey so far". bangladesh.un.org. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.