This article lists the largest offshore wind farms that are currently operational rated by nameplate capacity. It also lists the largest offshore wind farms currently under construction, the largest proposed offshore wind farms, and offshore wind farms with notability other than size.
As of 2022, Hornsea 2 in the United Kingdom is the largest offshore wind farm in the world at 1,386 MW. [1]
This is a list of offshore wind farms with at least 400 MW nameplate capacity that are currently operational.
This is a list of wind farms with a nameplate capacity of more than 400 MW currently under construction.
Wind farm | Location | Coordinates | Capacity (MW) | Turbines & model | Completion | Ownership | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind | United States | 36°53′16″N75°29′50″W / 36.8878333°N 75.4973333°W | 2,640 | 176 × Siemens Gamesa 14-222 DD | 2026 | Dominion (50%), Stonepeak (50%) | [76] [77] [78] [79] [80] |
Sofia | United Kingdom | 54°58′45.8″N2°13′48.4″E / 54.979389°N 2.230111°E | 1,400 | 100 × Siemens Gamesa 14MW | 2026 | RWE | [81] |
Dogger Bank A | United Kingdom | 54°44′56.0″N1°55′48.4″E / 54.748889°N 1.930111°E | 1,200 | 95 × GE Haliade-X 13MW | 2025 | SSE (40%), Equinor (40%), Vårgrønn (20%) | [82] [83] |
Dogger Bank B | United Kingdom | 54°59′11.8″N1°39′43.9″E / 54.986611°N 1.662194°E | 1,200 | 95 × GE Haliade-X 13MW | 2025 | SSE (40%), Equinor (40%), Vårgrønn (20%) | [82] |
He Dreiht | Germany | 54°21′N6°12′E / 54.350°N 6.200°E | 960 | 64 × Vestas V236-15MW | 2025 | EnBW | [84] |
Borkum Riffgrund 3 | Germany | 54°2′35″N6°11′46″E / 54.04306°N 6.19611°E | 913 | 83 × Siemens Gamesa 11.0-200 DD | 2025 | Ørsted | [85] |
Moray West | United Kingdom | 58°5′38″N2°59′17″W / 58.09389°N 2.98806°W | 882 | 60 × Siemens Gamesa 14-222 DD | 2025 | [86] | |
Vineyard Wind | United States | 41°02′00″N70°37′00″W / 41.03325°N 70.61667°W | 800 | 62 x 13.6MW GE Haliade-X | 2024 | CIP(50%), Avangrid (50%) | [87] [88] [89] [90] |
Revolution Wind | United States | 41°07′30″N71°23′17″W / 41.124974°N 71.38818°W | 704 | 64 × Siemens Gamesa 11.0-200 DD | 2024 | Ørsted (50%), GIP (50%) | [91] [92] [93] |
Yunlin | Taiwan | 23°35′09″N120°01′48″E / 23.5859°N 120.0300°E | 640 | 80 × Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 DD | 2023 | [95] [96] | |
Changfang | Taiwan | 24°00′11″N120°08′20″E / 24.0030°N 120.1388°E | 589 | 62 × MHI Vestas V174-9.5 MW | 2023 | [97] [98] [99] | |
Guodian Xiangshan 1 phase 2 | China | 500 | 41 x 12MW units | 2025 | [41] [100] | ||
Fécamp | France | 49°54′15.1″N0°13′13.1″E / 49.904194°N 0.220306°E | 497 | 71 × Siemens Gamesa SWT-7.0-154 | 2023 | EDF (82.1%), Enbridge (17.9%) | [101] |
Baltic Eagle | Germany | 54°49′29.3″N13°51′42.1″E / 54.824806°N 13.861694°E | 476 | 50 × MHI Vestas V174-9.5 MW | 2024 | Iberdrola | [102] |
Calvados | France | 49°27′22″N0°29′53″W / 49.45611°N 0.49806°W | 448 | 64 × Siemens Gamesa SWT-7.0-154 | 2024 | EDF (88.3%), Enbridge (21.7%) | [103] |
Neart na Gaoithe | United Kingdom | 56°16′4″N2°19′15″W / 56.26778°N 2.32083°W | 450 | 54 × Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 DD | 2023 | EDF, ESB | [104] [105] |
The following table lists largest offshore wind farm areas (by nameplate capacity) that are only at a proposal stage, and have achieved at least some of the formal consents required before construction can begin.
Wind farm | Location | Coordinates | Capacity (MW) | Projected completion | Consents | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chaozhou | China | 43,300 | Projected to start work before 2025. Capacity refers to two projects. | [106] [107] | ||
Sinan Korea Offshore | South Korea | 8,200 | 2030 | Project approved in 2021. Estimated cost: €36 billion. | [108] [109] [110] | |
Berwick Bank | United Kingdom | 4,100 | 2027 | SSE merged Berwick Bank (2.3GW) and Marr Bank (1.85GW) into single project. [111] Planning application will be sent to Scottish government in Spring 2022. As of September 2024 Scottish Government has not consented project. SSE missed AR6 due to consent delays [112] | [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] | |
Ossian | United Kingdom | 3,600 | Consent application for a floating wind farm submitted in July 2024. | [118] | ||
East Anglia Hub (formerly Norfolk Bank) | United Kingdom | 3,100 | 2026 | ScottishPower Renewables merged East Anglia TWO (900 MW), East Anglia THREE (1,400 MW) and East Anglia ONE North (800MW) into single hub. Anticipated project start in 2022. Project completion anticipated in 2026. | [119] [120] | |
Med Wind | Italy | 2,800 | 2030 | Floating offshore wind farm. Scoping procedure completed in 2021. Construction to start in 2025. Expected project completion in 2030. | [121] [122] | |
Hornsea Project Four | United Kingdom | 2,600 | [123] | |||
Southwest Offshore | South Korea | 2,500 | Phase 1 (60 MW), Phase 2 (400 MW), Phase 3 (2000 MW) | [124] [125] [126] [127] | ||
Hornsea Project Three | United Kingdom | 2,400 | Crown Estate Round 3 | [128] | ||
SouthCoast Wind | United States | 2,400 in two phases | TBA | BOEM | ||
Wilmington East & Wilmington West Wind Farm | United States | 2,250 | TotalEnergy Renewables USA | [129] [130] | ||
Formosa III | Taiwan | 2,000 | Undergoing environmental impact assessment and approvals which are expected to be completed between 2021 and 2025. | [131] | ||
IJmuiden Ver Alpha | Netherlands | 2,000 | 2029 | [132] | ||
IJmuiden Ver Beta | Netherlands | 2,000 | 2029 | [132] | ||
IJmuiden Ver Gamma | Netherlands | 2,000 | [132] | |||
OWF Bałtyk I | Poland | 1,560 | Connection to national grid approved in 2021 [133] | [134] [135] | ||
Atlantic Shores | United States | 1,510 | 2028 | NJBPU | [136] [137] | |
Norfolk Vanguard East | United Kingdom | 1,400 | Planning Consent Granted on 11 February 2022. Offshore works expected to begin in 2025 Will use V236-15 MW turbines | [138] [139] [140] [141] [142] | ||
Norfolk Vanguard West | United Kingdom | 1,400 | Will use V236-15 MW turbines Offshore works are expected to begin in 2025. | [143] | ||
Norfolk Boreas | United Kingdom | 1,400 | Planning Consent Granted on 10 December 2021. RWE restarted project in December 2023. Offshore works are expected to begin in 2025. Will use V236-15 MW turbines | [144] [145] [146] [141] [147] | ||
Dogger Bank C (formerly Teesside A) | United Kingdom | 1,200 | Offshore export cable installation will commence in Q1 2024; Offshore platform installation will commence in Q2, 2024; foundation installation will commence in Q3, 2024; Turbine installation will commence in Q2, 2025. First power is anticipated in Q3, 2025 and full power in Q1, 2026. | [82] | ||
Rampion 2 | United Kingdom | 1,200 | Concept/Early Planning. Planning application expected 2022 [148] | [149] | ||
Beacon Wind | United States | 1,230 | 2028 | NYSERDA | [150] [151] [152] | |
Baltic Power | Poland | 1,140 | 2026 | [153] | ||
Thor | Denmark | 1,008 | 2027 | [154] | ||
Inch Cape | United Kingdom | 1,000 | Consent Authorised. Up to 72 wind turbines | [155] | ||
Storgrundet | Sweden | 1,000 | Environmental permit granted in September 2023 | [156] [157] | ||
Nordlicht I | Germany | 980 | 2027 | Vattenfall | [158] | |
Skipjack | United States | 966 | 2027 | Ørsted (company) | [159] [160] [161] | |
He Dreiht | Germany | 960 | 2025 | [162] | ||
Gennaker | Germany | 927 | 2026 | [163] | ||
Sunrise Wind | United States | 880 | 2024 | NYSERDA | [164] [165] [166] | |
Empire Wind | United States | 40°19′45″N73°30′28″W / 40.329226°N 73.507861°W | 816 | 2024 | NYSERDA | [167] [168] [169] [165] [166] |
Park City Wind | United States | 804 | 2025 | Connecticut DEEP | [170] | |
Kitty Hawk Wind | United States | 800 | 2026 | 800 MW in Phase 1, proposed total of 2500 MW BOEM | [171] [172] | |
Hollandse Kust (West) VI | Netherlands | 750 | 2026 | Shell, Eneco | [173] | |
Hollandse Kust (West) VII | Netherlands | 750 | 2026 | RWE | [173] | |
OWF Bałtyk II | Poland | 720 | 2026 | Construction anticipated in 2025/2026 [174] | [134] | |
OWF Bałtyk III | Poland | 720 | 2026 | Construction anticipated in 2025/2026 [175] | [134] | |
Baltic Sea Energy Island I | Lithuania | 55°55′00″N20°20′00″E / 55.916667°N 20.333333°E | 700 | 2028 | Expected to be finished by 2028. Several investors that submitted bids is currently under evaluation by Lithuanian government [176] | [177] [178] [179] |
Baltic Sea Energy Island II | Lithuania | 700 | 2030 | Expected to be finished by 2030 after first wind park completed | [180] | |
Noirmoutier | France | 496 | 2023 | Delivery and commissioning expected for 2023. Project will consist of 62 Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 DD. [181] | [182] |
Ocean Wind 1 | United States | 39°21′58″N74°24′51″W / 39.366111°N 74.414167°W | 1,100 | 2024 | NJBPU | [183] [184] [185] [186] [187] |
Ocean Wind 2 | United States | 1,148 | 2027 | NJBPU | [136] [188] |
Wind Farm | Country | Coordinates | Year | Notability | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vindeby | Denmark | 54°58′12″N11°7′48″E / 54.97000°N 11.13000°E | 1991 | First offshore wind farm; 11 × Bonus 450 kW. Decommissioned in 2017. | [189] [190] [191] [192] [193] [194] [195] |
Beatrice | United Kingdom | 58°7′48″N3°4′12″W / 58.13000°N 3.07000°W | 2007 | Deepest fixed-foundation at 45-metre water depth. 2 × Senvion 5MW prototype turbines | [196] [197] [198] |
Yttre Stengrund | Sweden | 56°9′N16°3′E / 56.150°N 16.050°E | 2001 | First offshore wind farm to be decommissioned (in November 2015) | |
Fryslân | Netherlands | 53°0′0″N5°16′0″E / 53.00000°N 5.26667°E | 2021 | Largest freshwater wind farm with a total capacity of 382.7 MW | [199] [200] |
Hywind | Norway | 2009 | First full-scale, deep-water floating turbine: Siemens 2.3 MW turbine in 220 meter-deep water | [201] [202] | |
Hywind Scotland | United Kingdom | 57°29′0″N1°21′0″W / 57.48333°N 1.35000°W | 2017 | First full-scale, deep-water floating wind farm, at 30 MW capacity | [203] |
Hywind Tampen | Norway | 61°20′1.7″N2°15′33.8″E / 61.333806°N 2.259389°E | 2022 | Currently the largest deep-water floating wind farm with 88 MW capacity. Built specifically to power offshore oil and gas platforms. | [204] |
Ørsted A/S is a Danish multinational energy company. Headquartered in Fredericia, Denmark, Ørsted is the largest energy company in Denmark. The company adopted its current name on 6 November 2017. It was previously known as DONG.
Ørsted U.S. Offshore Wind is an offshore wind energy development group that is affiliated with Ørsted, a Danish firm. It is joint headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island. As of 2019, it was involved in some of the largest offshore wind farm projects in the United States.
Gode Wind 1, 2, and 3 are offshore wind farms located north-west of Norderney in the German sector of North Sea. They are owned by Ørsted. Gode Wind 1 and 2 are operational, while Gode Wind 3 is being developed.
Bladt Industries A/S is an international steel contractor specialising in large-scale and highly complex steel structures. It operate within three key areas of business providing steel solutions for the wind and renewable energy sector, for the oil and gas industry and for infrastructure.
The U.S. state of Connecticut has vast wind energy resources offshore as well as onshore although Connecticut was the last state in the United States to block the construction of utility scale wind turbines. Connecticut maintains a renewable portfolio standard that requires 21% of the state's electricity to come from renewable sources by 2020.
The European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre (EOWDC), also known as the Aberdeen Bay Wind Farm is an offshore wind test and demonstration facility located around 3 kilometres off the east coast of Aberdeenshire, in the North Sea, Scotland. It was developed by the European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre consortium. The scheme is relatively small - it consists of 11 wind turbines with an installed capacity of 93.2 megawatts. It is located between Blackdog and Bridge of Don near Aberdeen. First power was generated in July 2018, with full commissioning following in September 2018.
The East Anglia Array is a proposed series of offshore wind farms located around 30 miles off the east coast of East Anglia, in the North Sea, England. It has begun with the currently operational East Anglia ONE, that has been developed in partnership by ScottishPower Renewables and Vattenfall. Up to six individual projects could be set up in the area with a maximum capacity of up to 7.2 GW. The first project, East Anglia ONE at 714 MW, received planning consent in June 2014 and contracts in April 2016. Offshore construction began in 2018 and the project was commissioned in July 2020. It is expected to cost £2.5 billion.
Wind power in Maryland, which has land-based and offshore resources, is in the early stages of development. As of 2016, Maryland has 191 megawatts (MW) of wind powered electricity generating capacity, responsible for 1.4% of in-state generated electricity. Two offshore wind farm projects that will supply wind-generated power to the state are underway.
Hornsea Wind Farm is a Round 3 wind farm which began construction in 2018. Sited in the North Sea 120 km (75 mi) off the east coast of England, the eventual wind farm group is planned to have a total capacity of up to 6 gigawatt (GW).
Wind power is a major industry in Taiwan. Taiwan has abundant wind resources however a lack of space on land means that most major developments are offshore.
Ocean Wind was a proposed utility-scale 2,248 MW offshore wind farm to be located on the Outer Continental Shelf approximately 15 miles (24 km) off the coast of Atlantic City, New Jersey. It was being developed by Ørsted US Offshore Wind in conjunction with Public Service Enterprise Group (PSE&G). Construction and commissioning were planned for the mid-2020s. The closed Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station and B.L. England Generating Station would provide transmission points for energy generated by the wind farm.
Skipjack is a 966 MW capacity off shore wind farm, proposed by Ørsted US Offshore Wind to be built on the Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Delaware, approximately 16.9 nautical miles from the coast opposite Fenwick Island. It was originally projected that the project, which will provide power to Maryland, would be commissioned in 2022, It is one of the wind farm projects providing wind power to Maryland, the others being MarWin and Momentum Wind.
Vineyard Wind 1 is an offshore wind farm under construction in U.S. federal waters in the Atlantic Ocean in Bureau of Ocean Energy Management-designated Lease Area OCS-A 0520, about 13 nautical miles south of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket, Massachusetts. The array is designed to include 62 Haliade-X wind turbines manufactured by GE Offshore Wind with a nameplate capacity of 804 MW combined, equivalent to the annual power use of 400,000 homes. The Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities approved the project in 2019. Construction began on November 18, 2021. In October 2023, the first turbine was installed. Power from the first turbine started flowing into the ISO New England grid on January 2, 2024. Construction is expected to be complete by the end of 2024.
The Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind (CVOW) is an offshore wind energy project located about 43 km (27 mi) off the coast of Virginia Beach, Virginia, U.S. The initial phase, a two-turbine, 12-MW pilot project constructed in 2020, is the second utility scale offshore wind farm operating in the United States. Dominion Energy and Ørsted US Offshore Wind collaborated on the project, which is estimated to have cost $300 million and is expected to generate enough electricity to power up to 3,000 homes. It is the first utility scale wind farm serving Virginia and the first built in U.S. federal waters, in a wind lease area that covers about 2,135 acres.
The United Kingdom became the world leader of offshore wind power generation in October 2008 when it overtook Denmark.
will test how the 2.3-megawatt turbine holds up in 220-meter-deep water.
world's first full-scale floating wind turbine